Characterization of Red Poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) Extract: An Alternative Food Colorant

Gülce Bedis Kaynarca; Şeyda Yanardağ Karabulut; Hacı Ali Güleç; Deniz Damla Altan Kamer

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1585256

TR EN

Gelincik Çiçeği (Papaver rhoeas L.) Ekstraktının Karakterizasyonu: Alternatif Bir Gıda Boyası

Öz

Doğal içerikli ürünlere olan ilginin günümüzde artması, araştırmacıları ve gıda endüstrisini temiz katkı maddeleri bulmaya yönlendirmektedir. Gelincik bitkisinin kırmızı taç yaprakları, biyoaktif bileşenleri ve rengi sayesinde sentetik katkı maddelerine güçlü bir alternatif sunar. Bu çalışmada, gelincik yapraklarından asit:etanol:su karışımı ile antosiyaninler ekstrakte edilmiş ve elde edilen renk maddesinin besleyici özellikleri ile renk stabilitesi incelenmiştir. Gelincik ekstraktının (GE) sodyum ve potasyum mineralleri açısından zengin olduğu, ayrıca majör fenolik bileşenler olarak kuarsetin ve kamferol içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Toplam antosiyanin miktarı 17.11 ± 0.60 mg siyanidin-3-glukozid g-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. GE’nin antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH, CUPRAC ve FRAP testleri ile değerlendirilmiş olup, sonuçlar sırasıyla 0.92 ± 0.08 µg mL-1, 155.98 ± 8.73 mM TE g-1 ve 581.94 ± 12.09 µmol TE g-1 olarak bulunmuştur. GE'nin antimikrobiyel aktivitesi 4 patojen mikroorganizma üzerinde incelenmiş ve en yüksek inhibisyon sırasıyla Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ve Staphylococcus aureus olarak tespit edilmiştir. Antosiyaninlerin 100°C’de 60 dakikalık bir sıcaklık uygulaması sonucunda yaklaşık %15 oranında azaldığı, oksidatif bozulmanın (H2O2) zamanla arttığı fakat maksimum %13 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Farklı pH değerlerinde ise antosiyaninler karakteristik davranışını göstererek kırmızıdan mora, ardından sarımsı bir yeşile doğru renk değişimi sergilemiştir. Sonuç olarak, gelincik ekstraktı, ısıl işlem gören ve oksijen maruziyetine uğrayan gıda ürünlerinde fonksiyonel bir renk maddesi olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahiptir. Ayrıca pH ile renk değiştirme özelliği, bu renk maddesinin akıllı ambalajların geliştirilmesinde kullanımının önünü açmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Characterization of Red Poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) Extract: An Alternative Food Colorant

Abstract

The growing interest in natural products has prompted researchers and the food industry to seek out clean additives. The red petals of the poppy plant offer a strong alternative to synthetic additives, thanks to their bioactive compounds and vibrant color. This study extracted anthocyanins from poppy petals using an acid-ethanol-water mixture and examined the nutritional properties and color stability of the resulting pigment. It was found that the poppy extract (PE) is rich in sodium and potassium minerals and contains major phenolic compounds, such as quercetin and kaempferol. The total anthocyanin content was determined to be 17.11 ± 0.60 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside g-1. The antioxidant activity of PE was evaluated using DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, with results of 0.92 ± 0.08 µg mL-1, 155.98 ± 8.73 mM TE g-1, and 581.94 ± 12.09 µmol TE g-1, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of PE was determined on 4 pathogenic microorganisms, Salmonella enteridis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus, with the highest inhibition order. The anthocyanins were found to decrease by approximately 15% after 60 minutes of heat treatment at 100°C, and oxidative degradation (H2O2) increased over time but did not exceed 13%. Additionally, under different pH levels, the anthocyanins exhibited characteristic behavior, shifting in color from red to purple and then to a yellowish green. In conclusion, poppy extract has the potential to be used as a functional colorant in food products subjected to heat treatment and oxygen exposure. Furthermore, its ability to change color with pH paves the way for its application in the development of smart packaging.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve any human or animal testing.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Food Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gülce Bedis Kaynarca ^*
0000-0001-7896-457X
Türkiye

Şeyda Yanardağ Karabulut
0000-0002-9649-5874
Türkiye

Hacı Ali Güleç
0000-0002-9525-6206
Türkiye

Deniz Damla Altan Kamer
0000-0002-9119-5979
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

June 10, 2025

Publication Date

July 4, 2025

Submission Date

November 15, 2024

Acceptance Date

April 15, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 28 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1585256

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95KF59SM

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kaynarca, G. B., Yanardağ Karabulut, Ş., Güleç, H. A., & Altan Kamer, D. D. (2025). Characterization of Red Poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) Extract: An Alternative Food Colorant. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(4), 1103-1121. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1585256

Cited By

UHPLC-MS/MS-guided profiling and bioactivity screening of Papaver apokrinomenon extracts: Insights into alkaloid- and phenolic-driven health effects

Fitoterapia

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106954