Oncorhynchus mykiss Microplastic Exposure: Impacts and Research Gaps

Ayşe Ölmez; Hüseyin Demir

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1659772

EN TR

Oncorhynchus mykiss Microplastic Exposure: Impacts and Research Gaps

Abstract

Worldwide, this review brings together scientific studies examining the effects of microplastics, a major pollutant in freshwater ecosystems, on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Data such as microplastic types, concentrations, exposure times and biological responses of fish (histopathological changes in tissues, immune responses and biochemical parameters) were collected and evaluated from these studies. Microplastics accumulate in the biological systems of farmed trout in particular and cause toxic effects. Additionally, the effects of microplastics on protein, amino acid and fatty acid composition in fish are included in the dataset. The collected data were transferred to SPSS program and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The biological effects of microplastic and some pollutant combinations and experimental periods were evaluated by comparative analyses.As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the combination of different types of microplastics with pesticides and heavy metals caused histopathological and biochemical changes in fish tissues. It was determined that organs such as gills and liver were more susceptible to microplastic exposure, especially at high concentrations. It has also been determined that some pollutant combinations with microplastic cause negative effects on oxidative stress, amino acid and fatty acid compositions. The shortcomings of existing research on the effects of microplastics on the biological systems of fish and the inability of laboratory experiments to explain the environmental distribution and biological effects of microplastics observed in natural environments are discussed. It was concluded that experiments conducted in laboratory environments do not adequately reflect natural environmental conditions and that more realistic assessments such as environmental risk assessments are needed. It is stated that these findings require comprehensive studies to evaluate microplastic pollution in terms of both environmental and human health.

Keywords

Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Mikroplastik Maruziyeti: Etkileri ve Araştırma Boşlukları

Öz

Dünya genelinde, bu derleme, tatlı su ekosistemlerinde önemli bir kirletici olan mikroplastiklerin, Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen bilimsel çalışmalar bir araya getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalardan mikroplastik türleri, konsantrasyonları, maruziyet süreleri ve balıkların biyolojik tepkileri (dokulardaki histopatolojik değişiklikler, immün tepkiler ve biyokimyasal parametreler) gibi veriler toplanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Mikroplastikler, özellikle çiftlikte yetiştirilen alabalıkların biyolojik sistemlerinde birikmekte ve toksik etkiler yaratmaktadır. Ayrıca, mikroplastiklerin balıklarda protein, amino asit ve yağ asidi kompozisyonu üzerindeki etkileri veri setine dahil edilmiştir. Toplanan veriler SPSS programına aktarılmış ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Mikroplastik ile bazı kirletici kombinasyonlarının ve deney sürelerinin biyolojik etkileri karşılaştırmalı analizlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Analizler sonucu çeşitli mikroplastik türlerinin pestisitlerle ve ağırmetallerle kombinasyonlarının balıkların dokularındaki histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal değişikliklere neden olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonlardaki mikroplastik maruziyetinin solungaç ve karaciğer gibi organların daha duyarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca mikroplastik ile bazı kirletici kombinasyonların oksidatif stres, amino asit ve yağ asidi bileşimlerinde olumsuz etkiler oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Mikroplastiklerin balıkların biyolojik sistemleri üzerindeki etkilerine dair mevcut araştırmalardaki eksiklikleri ve laboratuvar deneylerinin, doğal ortamlarda gözlenen mikroplastiklerin çevresel dağılımını ve biyolojik etkilerini açıklayamama durumu tartışılmıştır. Özellikle laboratuvar ortamın da yapılan deneylerin doğal çevre koşullarını yeterince yansıtmadığı ve çevresel risk değerlendirmeler gibi daha gerçekçi değerlendirmelere ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, hem çevresel hem de insan sağlığı açısından mikroplastik kirliliğinin kapsamlı çalışmalarla değerlendirmeler yapılmasını gerektirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Aquaculture and Fisheries (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ayşe Ölmez ^*
0000-0001-5815-4254
Türkiye

Hüseyin Demir
0009-0006-3120-055X
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

August 15, 2025

Publication Date

October 20, 2025

Submission Date

March 18, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 21, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 28 Number: 6

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1659772

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA35JH42EG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Ölmez, A., & Demir, H. (2025). Oncorhynchus mykiss Microplastic Exposure: Impacts and Research Gaps. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(6), 1653-1666. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1659772