Kayısı ve Elma Anaç Adaylarının In Vitro Köklenmesi Üzerine Altkültür Sayısının Etkisi

Zeynep Nas; Ahmet Eşitken; Lütfi Pırlak

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1681866

EN TR

Effect of Subculture Number on In Vitro Rooting of Apricot and Apple Rootstock Candidates

Abstract

In this study, the effect of the number of subcultures on in vitro rooting in micropropagation of rootstock candidates ‘42-25’ apricot genotype and ‘Hatay’ apple genotype was investigated. In addition, necrosis rates in apricot were also examined to determine the effect of the number of subcultures on shoot tip necrosis, which is seen intensely in micropropagation of apricot. In this respect, this study is one of the first to systematically examine the effects of subculture number on rooting and shoot tip necrosis in apricot and apple rootstock candidates. The study employed a standardized micropropagation protocol with ½MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l⁻¹ IBA for rooting. The response of both genotypes to subcultures was different. While 100% rooting occurred in all subcultures starting from the 2nd subculture in apricot, rooting reached 100% in the 6th subculture in apple. In both apricot and apple, the rooting percentage was lower in the initial culture and the first subculture of the rooting stage. As the number of subcultures increased, an increase in the rooting rate was generally observed. While rooting in apricots begins on the 10th day, this period is longer in apples and rooting begins on the 20th day. Although shoot tip necrosis encountered in the apricot genotype generally occurred in all subcultures, the rate was lower in some subcultures. Therefore, in in vitro rooting of apricot, it is of great importance to consider the number of subcultures showing low necrosis as well as the rooting rate. According to the results obtained, the 6th subculture, which had both low necrosis rate and good results in all rooting parameters, was evaluated as the most appropriate subculture number to proceed to the in vitro rooting stage of apricot. The most appropriate number of subcultures to proceed to the in vitro rooting stage in micropropagation of the 'Hatay' rootstock candidate was determined as 3. While it is sufficient to keep the explants in the medium for 30 days for rooting in apricots, extending this period to 45 days in apples can improve the results.

Keywords

Kayısı ve Elma Anaç Adaylarının In Vitro Köklenmesi Üzerine Altkültür Sayısının Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada anaç adayları olan ‘42-25’ kayısı genotipi ile ‘Hatay’ elma genotipinin mikroçoğaltımında altkültür sayısının in vitro köklenme üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca kayısının mikroçoğaltımında yoğun şekilde görülen sürgün ucu nekrozu üzerine altkültür sayısının etkisini belirlemek için kayısıda nekroz oranları da incelenmiştir. Bu açıdan çalışma, kayısı ve elma anaç adaylarında altkültür sayısının köklenme ve sürgün ucu nekrozu üzerindeki etkilerini sistematik olarak inceleyen ilk çalışmalardan biridir. Çalışmada köklenme için 2 mg l⁻¹ IBA ilaveli ½MS besi ortamı ile standartlaştırılmış bir mikroçoğaltım protokolü kullanılmıştır. Her iki genotipin altkültürlere tepkisi farklı olmuştur. Kayısıda 2. alt kültürden itibaren tüm altkültürlerde %100 köklenme gerçekleşirken; elmada 6. altkültürde köklenme %100’e ulaşmıştır. Hem kayısı hem elmada, köklenme aşamasının başlangıç kültürü ve ilk altkültüründe, köklenme yüzdesi daha düşük olmuştur. Altkültür sayısının artmasıyla birlikte genel olarak köklenme oranında artış gözlenmiştir. Kayısıda köklenme 10. günde başlarken elmada bu süre daha uzun olup köklenme yaklaşık 20. günde başlamıştır. Kayısı genotipinde karşılaşılan sürgün ucu nekrozu genel olarak tüm altkültürlerde meydana gelse de bazı altkültürlerde oran daha düşük olmuştur. Bu yüzden kayısının in vitro köklenmesinde, köklenme oranı kadar düşük nekroz gösteren altkültür sayısını dikkate almak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre hem düşük nekroz oranına sahip hem de tüm köklenme parametrelerinde iyi sonuçlar veren 6. altkültür, kayısının in vitro köklenme aşamasına geçilebilmesi için en uygun altkültür sayısı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. 'Hatay' anaç adayının mikroçoğaltımında in vitro köklenme aşamasına geçebilmek için en uygun altkültür sayısı 3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kayısılarda eksplantların köklenme için ortamda 30 gün bekletilmesi yeterli iken, elmalarda bu sürenin 45 güne uzatılması sonuçları iyileştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Supporting Institution

SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Project Number

22401040

Thanks

Bu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) koordinatörlüğü tarafından 22401040 proje numarasıyla desteklenmiştir.

References

Abul-Soad, A.A. & Jatoi, M.A. (2014). Factors affecting in vitro rooting of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Pak. J. Agri. Sci, 51 (2), 467-474.
Amo-Marco, J. & Lledo M. (1996). In vitro propagation of Salix tarraconensis Pau ex Font Quer, an endemic and threatened plant. In Vitro–Plant, 32 (1), 42-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02823012
Bairu, M. W., Stirk, W. A. & Van Staden, J. (2009). Factors contributing to in vitro shoot-tip necrosis and their physiological interactions. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 98 (3), 239-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-009-9560-8
Barghchi, M. & Alderson, P. (1996). The control of shoot tip necrosis in Pistacia vera L. in vitro. Plant growth regulation, 20 (1), 31-35.
De Block, M. (1990). Factors influencing the tissue culture and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of hybrid aspen and poplar clones. Plant Physiology, 93 (3), 1110-1116. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.93.3.1110
Demirkök, Ş.G. (2006). In vitro clonal micropropagation of GF-677, AK-1 and AK-2 almond X peach hybrid rootstocks by shoot tip method. Master's Thesis, Çukurova University, Adana, 47.
Dutcher, R.D. & Powell, L.E. (1972). Culture of apple shoots from buds in vitro. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 97 (4), 511-514.
Gaspar, T., Kevers, C., Penel, C., Greppin, H., Reid, D.M. & Thorpe, T.A. (1996). Plant hormones and plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 32, 272-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02822700

Hou, J.W., Guo, S.J. & Wang, G.Y. (2010). Effects of in vitro subculture on the physiological characteristics of adventitious root formation in microshoots of Castanea mollissima cv.‘yanshanhong’. Journal of Forestry Research, 21, 155-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-010-0025-z
Jones, O., Pontikis, C., Hopgood, M.E. (1979). Propagation in vitro of five apple scion cultivars. Journal of Horticultural Science, 54 (2), 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1979.11514863
Kotze, W. (1979). Ionic interactions in the uptake and transport of calcium by apple seedlings. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 10 (1-2), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627909366882
Maynard, D., Gersten, B. & Vernell, H. (1965). The distribution of calcium as related to internal tipburn, variety, and calcium nutrition in cabbage.
Mendonça, E.G., Batista, T.R., Stein, V.C., Balieiro, F.P., de Abreu, J.R., Pires, M.F., de Souza, P.A. & Paiva, L.V. (2020). In vitro serial subculture to improve rooting of Eucalyptus urophylla. New Forests, 51, 801-816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-019-09761-6
Mergen, M. S. (2025). Determination of salt stress tolerance of 'Hatay' clonal apple rootstock candidate (Malus sylvestris L. Mill. Subsp. orientalis) under in vitro conditions (Thesis no 942590). [Master's Thesis, Selcuk University, Institute of Science, Department of Horticulture, Konya].
Misaghi, I. & Grogan, R. (1978). Physiological basis for tipburn development in head lettuce. Phytopathology, 68 (12), 1744-1753.
Nas, M.N. & Read, P.E. (2004). Improved rooting and acclimatization of micropropagated hazelnut shoots. Hortscience, 39 (7), 1688-1690.
Nas, Z. (2021). Investigation of in vitro micro propagation properties of 42-01 zerdali genotype indicating rootstocks potential (Thesis no 675449). [Master's Thesis, Selcuk University, Institute of Science, Department of Horticulture, Konya].
Nas, Z. & Eşitken, A. (2022). Apricot Clone Rootstock Candidate: 42-25. Directorate of fruit research institute, National Fruit Symposium, Eğirdir-Isparta.
Noiton, D., Vine, J. & Mullins, M. (1992). Effects of serial subculture in vitro on the endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid and rootability in microcuttings of ‘Jonathan’apple. Plant growth regulation, 11, 377-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130645
Nas, Z. & Eşitken, A. (2023). Micropropagation of an Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.) Rootstock Candidate. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 65 (6), 2357-2365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-00967-9
Nas, Z., Eşitken, A. & Pırlak, L. (2025). In Vitro Propagation of New Clonal Apple Rootstock Candidate (Hatay). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 49 (4), (in the print).
Palzkill, D., Tibbitts, T. & Williams, P. (1976). Enhancement of calcium transport to inner leaves of cabbage for prevention of tipburn. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci, 101 (6), 645-648.
Pérez-Tornero, O. & Burgos, L. (2007). Apricot micropropagation, In: Protocols for micropropagation of woody trees and fruits. Eds: Springer, p. 267-278.
Shannon, S., Natti, J. & Atkin, J. (1967). Relation of calcium nutrition to hypocotyl necrosis of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
Shanthi, K., Bachpai, V., Anisha, S., Ganesan, M., Anithaa, R., Subashini, V., Chakravarthi, M., Sivakumar, V. & Yasodha, R. (2015). Micropropagation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis for the production of rejuvenated stock plants for microcuttings propagation and genetic fidelity assessment. New Forests, 46, 357-371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-014-9465-1
Sita, GL. & Swamy, B.R. (1993). Regeneration of plantlets from leaf disc cultures of rosewood: control of leaf abscission and shoot tip necrosis. Plant science, 88 (1), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(93)90115-G
Sriskandarajah, S., Mullins, M. & Nair, Y. (1982). Induction of adventitious rooting in vitro in difficult-to-propagate cultivars of apple. Plant Science Letters, 24 (1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4211(82)90002-5
Teixeira da Silva, J. A., Nezami-Alanagh, E., Barreal, M. E., Kher, M. M., Wicaksono, A., Gulyás, A., Hidvégi, N., Magyar-Tábori, K., Mendler-Drienyovszki, N. & Márton, L. (2020). Shoot tip necrosis of in vitro plant cultures: a reappraisal of possible causes and solutions. Planta, 252 (3), 47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03449-4
Tromp, J. & Oele, J. (1972). Shoot growth and mineral composition of leaves and fruits of apple as affected by relative air humidity. Physiologia Plantarum, 27 (2), 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1972.tb03610.x
Walkey, D. (1972). Production of apple plantlets from axillary-bud meristems. Canadian Journal of Plant science, 52 (6), 1085-1087.
Welander, M. (1983). In vitro rooting of the apple rootstock M26 in adult and juvenile growth phases and acclimatization of the plantlets. Physiologia Plantarum, 58 (3), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb04174.x
Welander, M. (1985). In vitro shoot and root formation in the apple cultivar Åkerö. Annals of botany, 55 (2), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086897
Wilkinson, E. & Withnall, A. (1970). Wye research aims at successful apple cutting propagation. Wye trials show future for improved apple cutting propagation techniques. Grower, 74, 134-133.
Will, G. (1985). Nutrient deficiencies and fertiliser use in New Zealand exotic forests.
Winsor, G. & Adams, P. (1987). Glasshouse crops. Volume 3. Diagnosis of mineral disorders in plants, p. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-009-9560-8
Yongjian, C., Siwei, C. & Baokun, M. (1991). Studies on the relationship between some hormones and adventitious root formation in shoot-tip culture of apple (Malus pumila mill cvs). Journal of Hebei Agricultural University.
Zimmerman, R.H. & Broome, O.C. (1980). Blueberry micropropagation. Proceedings of the Conference on Nursery Production of Fruit Plants through Tissue Culture USDA-SEA, Agr. Res. Results ARR-NE, 44-47.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Plant Biotechnology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Zeynep Nas ^*
0000-0002-7115-1987
Türkiye

Ahmet Eşitken
0000-0002-6140-7782
Türkiye

Lütfi Pırlak
0000-0003-3630-3591
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

February 8, 2026

Publication Date

February 8, 2026

Submission Date

April 22, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 5, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1681866

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA32TH26NK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Nas, Z., Eşitken, A., & Pırlak, L. (2026). Kayısı ve Elma Anaç Adaylarının In Vitro Köklenmesi Üzerine Altkültür Sayısının Etkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 29(3), 563-572. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1681866