Research Article

Anatomical Effects of Different Amounts of Irrigation on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Number: Advanced Online Publication Early Pub Date: April 11, 2026
TR EN

Anatomical Effects of Different Amounts of Irrigation on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Abstract

This study examined the anatomical responses of tomato plants to water deficit and excess under different irrigation regimes to identify structural indicators of water stress. The plant exhibited organ-specific anatomical responses to water restriction (I60, I80) and excess (I120) compared to full irrigation (I100). In roots, cortex width, xylem diameter, and pith width increased under both stress conditions. At I60, cortex parenchyma cells became polygonal and shrunken. In stems, water stress (I60) caused tighter epidermal connections, wavy cell edges, and reduced intercellular spaces. Vascular bundles were continuous in I100 but discontinuous in I60. In leaves, mesophyll thickened under stress, with the greatest increase at I120, while epidermis cells shrank under limited water. Stomatal structure remained unchanged. As a result, increased xylem diameter and pith width in roots, enlarged cortex and epidermis cells in stems, altered vascular bundle arrangement, and mesophyll thickening with epidermal changes in leaves were notable findings. The results demonstrate significant stress-induced organ-specific anatomical plasticity. Structural changes in xylem can be considered fundamental criteria for efficient and safe irrigation planning.

Keywords

References

  1. Açar, M., & Satil, F. (2019). Comparative micromorphological and anatomical investigations on the subsection Distantes R. bhattacharjee (Stachys L./Lamiaceae). KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature. 22(Suppl 2), 282-295.
  2. Brodribb, T. J., & Holbrook, N. M. (2004). Stomatal protection against hydraulic failure: A comparison of coexisting ferns and angiosperms. New Phytologist, 162(3), 663–670. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01060.x.
  3. Gowda, D. M., Lingaiah, H. B., Nachegowda, V., & Kumar, S. A. (2015). Effect of specialty fertilizers on growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Plant Archives, 15(1), 335–338.
  4. Hernandez-Espinoza, L. H., & Barrios-Masias, F. H. (2020). Physiological and anatomical changes in tomato roots in response to low water stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 265, 109208. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109208.
  5. Khalid, S., Ahmad, R., & Ali, S. (2021). Morphological and anatomical adaptations of tomato under variable irrigation regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 245, 106609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106609
  6. Knipfer, T., Barrios-Masias, F. H., Cuneo, I. F., Bouda, M., Albuquerque, C. P., Brodersen, C. R., ... & McElrone, A. J. (2018). Variations in xylem embolism susceptibility under drought between intact saplings of three walnut species. Tree Physiology, 38(8), 1180–1192. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpy017.
  7. Kurunc, A., Unlukara A., &Cemek, B. (2011). Salinity and drought affect yield response of bell pepper similarly. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B ‒ Soil and Plant Science, 61, 514‒522. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 09064710.2010.513691.
  8. Lovisolo, C., & Schubert, A. (1998). Effects of water stress on vessel size and xylem hydraulic conductivity in Vitis vinifera L. Journal of Experimental Botany, 49(321), 693–700. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/49.321.693.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Morphology and Anatomy

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

April 11, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

July 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 28, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

APA
Ulcay, S., Boyacı, S., & Uslu, T. (2026). Anatomical Effects of Different Amounts of Irrigation on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 1484-1492. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1740166


International Peer Reviewed Journal
Free submission and publication
Published 6 times a year



88x31.png


KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature

e-ISSN: 2619-9149