Exogenous Vinegar Application to Enhance Morphological and Biochemical Responses of Maize under Drought Stress

Süleyman Avcı

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1793186

TR EN

Kuraklık Stresi Altında Mısırın Morfolojik ve Biyokimyasal Yanıtlarını Artırmada Ekzojen Sirke Uygulaması

Öz

Mısır (Zea mays L.), özellikle erken vejetatif dönemlerinde kuraklığa karşı belirgin bir hassasiyet göstermekte ve bu da bitki gelişimi ile verim potansiyelini ciddi şekilde sınırlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ticari elma sirkesinin (%5 asetik asit) morfolojik ve biyokimyasal yanıtlar üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiş ve kuraklık koşullarında biyostimülant olarak kullanılabilirliği değerlendirilmiştir. Kontrollü büyüme odası koşullarında yürütülen çalışmada, iki mısır çeşidi (Pi0937 ve DKC6050) yeterli sulama (%80 tarla kapasitesi, TK) ve şiddetli kuraklık (%40 TK) koşullarında yetiştirilmiş; elma sirkesi, 1:40 (v v-1) seyreltme oranında V4–V6 ve V6–V8 gelişme dönemlerinde, birer haftalık aralıklarla, yapraktan (FAV) ve topraktan (SAV) uygulanmıştır. Morfolojik parametreler (bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, yaprak alanı ve biyokütle), toplam protein içeriği ve antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri (SOD, CAT, POD) değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, özellikle FAV uygulamasının kurak koşullarda bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu ve biyokütleyi anlamlı ölçüde artırdığını, Pi0937 çeşidinin ise DKC6050’ye kıyasla daha yüksek biyokütle üretimi ve kök gelişimi ile kuraklığa daha toleranslı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca elma sirke uygulamaları toplam protein içeriğini yükseltmiş ve SOD, CAT, POD aktivitelerini belirgin biçimde artırarak reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROS) detoksifikasyonunu güçlendirmiştir. Pi0937’nin daha güçlü antioksidan yanıtı, genotipe özgü farklılıkların kuraklık toleransında belirleyici olduğunu göstermektedir. Genel olarak, ticari elma sirkesinin özellikle yapraktan uygulaması (FAV), düşük maliyetli, kolay erişilebilir ve çevre dostu bir biyostimülant olarak, kuraklık stresi altında mısırda büyüme ve fizyolojik dayanıklılığı anlamlı biçimde artırmış; Pi0937 genotipinin DKC6050’ye kıyasla daha güçlü ve tutarlı bir yanıt göstermesi, sirke kaynaklı kuraklık toleransının belirgin şekilde genotip-bağımlı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Exogenous Vinegar Application to Enhance Morphological and Biochemical Responses of Maize under Drought Stress

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) indicates strong vulnerability to drought conditions, particularly during early vegetative stages, which severely limits plant development and yield potential. This study investigated the effects of commercial apple vinegar (5% acetic acid) on morphological and biochemical responses and evaluated its potential as a biostimulant under drought conditions. Conducted under controlled growth chamber conditions, two maize cultivars (Pi0937 and DKC6050) were grown under adequate irrigation (80% FC) and severe drought (40% FC), with apple vinegar applied via foliar (FAV) and soil (SAV) methods at a 1:40 (v v-1) dilution during the V4–V6 and V6–V8 growth stages at one-week intervals. Morphological traits such as plant height, root length, leaf area, and biomass, together with total protein levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD), were evaluated. The results demonstrated that FAV application significantly enhanced plant height, root length, and biomass under drought, while Pi0937 exhibited higher biomass and root development compared to DKC6050, indicating greater drought tolerance. Moreover, apple vinegar application enhanced total protein accumulation and significantly promoted the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD, contributing to improved detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The stronger antioxidant response of Pi0937 highlights the role of genotype-specific differences in drought resilience. Overall, commercial apple vinegar application, particularly via foliar spraying (FAV), emerged as a low-cost, readily available, and environmentally sustainable biostimulant that effectively enhanced growth and physiological resilience of maize under drought stress, with the Pi0937 genotype showing a notably stronger and more consistent response than DKC6050, highlighting the genotype-dependent nature of vinegar-mediated drought tolerance.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Eskişehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Projects Commission

Project Number

FBA-2023-2712

Thanks

This research was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Commission of Eskişehir Osmangazi University (Project No. FBA-2023-2712).

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agrochemicals and Biocides (Incl. Application)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Süleyman Avcı ^*
0000-0002-4653-5567
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

April 11, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

September 29, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 5, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1793186

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA62SS38YM

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Avcı, S. (2026). Exogenous Vinegar Application to Enhance Morphological and Biochemical Responses of Maize under Drought Stress. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 1506-1524. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1793186