Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2A Data

Halil Günek

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752

TR EN

Kaman Bölgesinde (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Kuraklık ve Su Stresinin Landsat (8/9) ve Sentinel-2A Kullanılarak Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Kaman (Türkiye) yarı kurak tarım alanlarında bitki örtüsü dinamikleri ve kuraklık koşulları, çok kaynaklı uzaktan algılama verileri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Landsat ve Sentinel-2 verilerinden elde edilen NDVI ve NDMI ile yüzey sıcaklığı (LST) ve Sentinel-1 toprak nemi verileri birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. NDVI zaman serisi analizi, ilkbaharda maksimum bitki gelişimi ve yaz aylarında sıcaklık artışı ile nem azalmasına bağlı belirgin bir düşüş gösteren mevsimsel bir fenolojik döngü ortaya koymuştur. NDMI, bitki su içeriğine daha duyarlı olup özellikle Temmuz–Ağustos döneminde kuraklık stresini daha belirgin şekilde yansıtmıştır. NDVI ile NDMI arasındaki güçlü pozitif ilişki nemin önemini, LST ile negatif ilişki ise sıcaklığın sınırlayıcı etkisini göstermektedir. Toprak nemi ile bitki örtüsü indeksleri arasında genel olarak pozitif ilişki bulunmasına rağmen, bu ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak zayıf olduğu belirlenmiştir. Regresyon sonuçları, bitki örtüsü dinamiklerinin çoklu çevresel faktörlerin etkileşimi ile kontrol edildiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, NDVI, NDMI, LST ve toprak neminin birlikte kullanımı, yarı kurak bölgelerde kuraklık ve bitki su stresinin izlenmesi için güçlü bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi BAP birimi

Project Number

FEF.A3.25.004

Ethical Statement

Kişisel mülkiyet ve bilgileri içermediği için etik kurula gerek görülmemiştir.

Thanks

Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Bap birimine projeyi verdikleri katkıdan dolayı teşekkür ederim

Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2A Data

Abstract

This study evaluates vegetation dynamics and drought conditions in the semi-arid agricultural landscapes of Kaman (Türkiye) using integrated remote sensing data. NDVI and NDMI derived from Landsat and Sentinel-2, together with land surface temperature (LST) and Sentinel-1 soil moisture, were analyzed to assess vegetation–environment interactions. NDVI time-series analysis revealed a clear seasonal phenological cycle, with peak vegetation growth in spring and a marked decline during summer due to increased temperature and reduced moisture availability. NDMI showed higher sensitivity to vegetation water content and effectively captured summer drought stress, particularly during July–August. A strong positive relationship between NDVI and NDMI indicates the importance of vegetation moisture, while negative relationships with LST highlight the limiting role of thermal stress. Although soil moisture showed a generally positive relationship with vegetation indices, its statistical influence was relatively weak due to spatial and temporal variability. Regression results suggest that vegetation dynamics are controlled by multiple interacting factors rather than a single variable. Overall, the integration of NDVI, NDMI, LST, and soil moisture provides a robust framework for monitoring drought and vegetation water stress in semi-arid ecosystems.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Kırşehir Ahi Evran University BAP unit

Project Number

FEF.A3.25.004

Ethical Statement

Since it does not involve personal property or information, an ethics committee was not deemed necessary.

Thanks

I would like to thank Kırşehir Ahi Evran University BAP unit for their contribution to the project.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biotechnology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Halil Günek ^*
0009-0003-3284-8372
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

October 23, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

December 17, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 26, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA53RP67ET

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Günek, H. (2026). Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2A Data. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752

AMA

1.Günek H. Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2A Data. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752

Chicago

Günek, Halil. 2026. “Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8 9 and Sentinel-2A Data”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752.

EndNote

Günek H (October 1, 2026) Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2A Data. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi Advanced Online Publication

IEEE

[1]H. Günek, “Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2A Data”, KSU J. Agric Nat., no. Advanced Online Publication, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752.

ISNAD

Günek, Halil. “Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8 9 and Sentinel-2A Data”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (October 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752.

JAMA

1.Günek H. Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2A Data. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752.

MLA

Günek, Halil. “Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8 9 and Sentinel-2A Data”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication, Oct. 2026, doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752.

Vancouver

1.Halil Günek. Drought and Water Stress Analysis in the Kaman Region (Kırşehir, Türkiye) Using Landsat 8/9 and Sentinel-2A Data. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026 Oct. 1;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1843752