The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries

Hakan Yıldırım; Yasin Karadeniz; Mesut Doğan; Tuba Özkan; Anıl Lögün

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259

TR EN

Girdi-Yoğun Tarımsal Emisyonların Şekillenmesinde Düzenleyici Kalitenin Rolü: Alt-Orta Gelirli Ülkelerden Kanıtlar

Abstract

Tarım sektörü, özellikle tarımsal verimliliğin büyüme ve gelir oluşumunda önemli rol oynadığı alt-orta gelirli ülkelerde ekonomik kalkınma ve gıda güvenliğinin temel dayanaklarından biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Bununla birlikte girdi-yoğun tarımsal üretim çevresel kalite üzerinde artan baskılar oluşturabilmektedir. Bu girdiler arasında kimyasal gübreler, besin fazlalıkları ve emisyon yoğun uygulama süreçleri nedeniyle tarımsal emisyonların başlıca kaynaklarından biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2002–2022 döneminde alt-orta gelirli ülkelerde gübre kullanımının tarımsal emisyonlar üzerindeki etkisi incelenmekte ve düzenleyici kalitenin gübre-yoğun üretimden kaynaklanan çevresel baskıları ne ölçüde sınırlayabildiği araştırılmaktadır. Ortalama ve dağılımsal etkileri belirlemek amacıyla ampirik analizde CCE tahmincileri ile MMQR yöntemi birlikte kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, gübre kullanımının tarımsal emisyonların temel belirleyicilerinden biri olduğunu ve tarımsal emisyonları pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. İlaveten düzenleyici kalite de emisyonlarla pozitif yönde ilişkilidir. Bununla birlikte düzenleyici kalite eş zamanlı olarak gübre kullanımının emisyon artırıcı etkisini zayıflatabilmektedir. Kantil tahminleri bu düzenleyici etkinin emisyon dağılımı boyunca farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Bu bakımdan çalışma, düzenleyici kalitenin gübre yoğun tarımın çevresel sonuçlarını nasıl şekillendirdiğine ilişkin ampirik bulgular sunarak literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries

Abstract

The agricultural sector continues to be one of the fundamental pillars of economic development and food security, particularly in lower-middle-income countries where agricultural productivity plays an important role in growth and income generation. However, input-intensive agricultural production can place increasing pressure on environmental quality. Among these inputs, chemical fertilizers stand out as one of the main sources of agricultural emissions due to nutrient surpluses and emission-intensive application processes. This study examines the impact of fertilizer use on agricultural emissions in lower-middle-income countries over the period 2002–2022 and investigates to what extent regulatory quality can mitigate the environmental pressures associated with fertilizer-intensive production. To identify both average and distributional effects, the empirical analysis relies on Common Correlated Effects (CCE) estimators and Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). The results indicate that fertilizer use is one of the key determinants of agricultural emissions and has a positive effect on emission levels. In addition, regulatory quality is also positively associated with emissions. However, regulatory quality may simultaneously weaken the emission-increasing impact of fertilizer use. The quantile estimates show that this moderating effect varies across the emissions distribution. In this respect, the study contributes to the literature by providing new empirical evidence on how regulatory quality shapes the environmental consequences of fertilizer-intensive agriculture.

Keywords

References

Abbas, H. S. M., Xu, X., Sun, C., Ullah, A., Nabi, G., Gillani, S., & Raza, M. A. A. (2021). Sustainable use of energy resources, regulatory quality, and foreign direct investment in controlling GHGs emissions among selected Asian economies. Sustainability, 13(3), 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031123
Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., Bursztyn, L., & Hemous, D. (2012). The environment and directed technical change. American Economic Review, 102(1), 131–166. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.1.131
Ahmed, F., Kousar, S., Pervaiz, A., & Ramos-Requena, J. P. (2020). Financial development, institutional quality, and environmental degradation nexus: New evidence from asymmetric ARDL co-integration approach. Sustainability, 12(18), 7812. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187812
Ahmed, N., Xinagyu, G., Alnafissa, M., Ali, A., & Ullah, H. (2025). Linear and non-linear impact of key agricultural components on greenhouse gas emissions. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 5314. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88159-1
Ahmed, R. R., Akbar, W., Aijaz, M., Channar, Z. A., Ahmed, F., & Parmar, V. (2023). The role of green innovation on environmental and organizational performance: Moderation of human resource practices and management commitment. Heliyon, 9, e12679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12679
Ahmed, Z., Zafar, M. W., & Ali, S. (2020). Linking urbanization, human capital, and the ecological footprint in G7 countries: An empirical analysis. Sustainable Cities and Society, 55, 102064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102064
Akbar, M. W., Zhong, R., Zia, Z., & Jahangir, J. (2022). Nexus between disaggregated energy sources, institutional quality, and environmental degradation in BRI countries: A panel quantile regression analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 43155–43168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18834-7
Akpan, U., & Kama, U. (2023). Does institutional quality really matter for environmental quality? Energy & Environment, 35(8), 4361–4385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X231180702

Almulhim, A. A., Inuwa, N., Chaouachi, M., & Samour, A. (2025). Testing the impact of renewable Energy and institutional quality on consumption-based CO2 emissions: Fresh insights from MMQR approach. Sustainability, 17(2), 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020704
Amin, A., Altinoz, B., & Dogan, E. (2020). Analyzing the determinants of carbon emissions from transportation in European countries: The role of renewable energy and urbanization. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 22(8), 1725–1734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01910-2
Ampedu, R., Wang, X., Jotham, K., & Mensah, R. (2025). The tug of war: Will regulatory quality and green innovation outpace carbon emissions? Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11(2), 100555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100555
Azam, M., Hunjra, A. I., Bouri, E., Tan, Y., & Saleh Al-Faryan, M. A. (2021). Impact of institutional quality on sustainable development: Evidence from developing countries. Journal of Environmental Management, 298, 113465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113465
Bhatti, M. K., Zhu, S., Hassan, A., Husnain, M. A., & Hussain, A. B. (2025). How do financial development and institutional quality influence greenhouse gases in the Next-11 economies? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 1656. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05897-3
Breusch, T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239–253.
Chataut, G., Bhatta, B., Joshi, D., Subedi, K., & Kafle, K. (2023). Greenhouse gases emission from agricultural soil: A review. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 11, 100533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100533
Chen, S., Chen, Y., Jiang, Y., Li, Y., Gu, C., Ding, N., Zhou, W., Zhang, L., Yu, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2025). Carbon and air pollutant emission dynamics of small-scale industrial sectors based on CEMS: A case of tobacco curing industry. Environmental Pollution, 376, 126427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126427
Copeland, B. R., & Taylor, M. S. (2004). Trade, growth, and the environment. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(1), 7–71. https://doi.org/10.1257/002205104773558047
Cui, J., Sui, P., Wright, D. L., Wang, D., Sun, B., Ran, M., Shen, Y., Li, C., & Chen, Y. (2019). Carbon emission of maize based cropping systems in the North China Plain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 213, 300–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.174
Driscoll, J. C., & Kraay, A. C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 549–560. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2646837
Dumitrescu, E.-I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450–1460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.02.014
European Parliament. (2024). Greenhouse gas emissions by country and sector (infographic). Directorate General for Communication. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdfs/news/expert/2018/3/story/ 20180301STO98928/ 20180301STO98928_en.pdf
Fang, J., Gao, C., & Lai, M. (2020). Environmental regulation and firm innovation: Evidence from the national specially monitored firms program in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, 122599–122609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122599
Farooq, F., Zaib, A., Faheem, M., & Gardezi, M. A. (2023). Public debt and environment degradation in OIC countries: The moderating role of institutional quality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 55354–55371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26061-x
Gamboa, A. M., & Galicia, L. (2011). Differential influence of land use/cover change on topsoil carbon and microbial activity in low-latitude temperate forests. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 142, 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.025
Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1995). Economic growth and the environment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353–377. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118443
Hamrouni, D., Hasni, R., & Ouerghi, I. (2025). The moderating effect of institutional quality on the relationship between structural change and CO₂ emissions in emerging economies. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 27, 100817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2025.100817
Huang, J. H., Yang, X. G., Cheng, G., & Wang, S. Y. (2014). A comprehensive eco-efficiency model and dynamics of regional eco-efficiency in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 67, 228–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2013.12.003
Hussain, M., & Dogan, E. (2021). The role of institutional quality and environment-related technologies in environmental degradation for BRICS. Journal of Cleaner Production, 304, 127059. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2021.127059
Hussein, O. A., & Abdullahi, A. M. (2025). Assessing the impact of agricultural production and institutional quality on environmental degradation in Somalia. Discover Food, 5, 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00310-z
IPCC. (2022). Climate change 2022: Mitigation of climate change. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/9781009157926.004
IPCC. (2023). Climate change 2023: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Core Writing Team, H. Lee, & J. Romero, Eds.). IPCC. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647
Jahanger, A., Usman, M., & Balsalobre-Lorente, D. (2022). Linking institutional quality to environmental sustainability. Sustainable Development, 30(6), 1749–1765. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2345
Jovanović, M., Kašćelan, L., Despotović, A., & Kašćelan, V. (2015). The impact of agro-economic factors on GHG emissions: Evidence from European developing and advanced economies. Sustainability, 7(12), 16290–16310. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71215815
Kapçak, S. (2026). The relationship between agriculture and environmental pollution: An applied analysis within the framework of sustainable development. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 29(3), 824–836. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1736826
Karimi Alavijeh, N., Ahmadi Shadmehri, M. T., Nazeer, N., Zangoei, S., & Dehdar, F. (2023a). The role of renewable energy consumption on environmental degradation in EU countries: Do institutional quality, technological innovation, and GDP matter? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 44607– 44624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25428-4
Karimi Alavijeh, N., Salehnia, N., Salehnia, N., & Koengkan, M. (2023b). The effects of agricultural development on CO₂ emissions: Empirical evidence from the most populous developing countries. Environmental Development and Sustainability, 25(10), 12011–12031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02567-1
Kashif, U., Shi, J., Naseem, S., Dou, S., & Zahid, Z. (2024). ICT service exports and CO₂ emissions in OECD countries: The moderating effect of regulatory quality. Economic Change and Restructuring, 57, 94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-024-09685-y
Khan, H., Weili, L., Khan, I., & Le thi Kim Oanh, O. (2021). Recent advances in energy usage and environmental degradation: Does quality institutions matter? A worldwide evidence. Energy Reports, 7, 1091–1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.01.085
Kiracı, K. (2025). Determinants of air transport CO₂ emissions in OECD countries. Sustainable Futures, 10, 100877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100877
Litskas, V. D., Platis, D. P., Anagnostopoulos, C. D., Tsaboula, A. C., Menexes, G. C., Kalburtji, K. L., Stavrinides, M. C., & Mamolos, A. P. (2020). Climate change and agriculture. In Sustainability of the food system (pp. 33–49). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818293-2.00003-3
Liu, X., Zhang, S., & Bae, J. (2017). The nexus of renewable energy-agriculture-environment in BRICS. Applied Energy, 204, 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.077
Machado, A. F. J., & Santos Silva, J. M. C. (2019). Quantiles via moments. Journal of Econometrics, 213(1), 145–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2019.04.009
Menegat, S., Ledo, A., & Tirado, R. (2022). Greenhouse gas emissions from global production and use of nitrogen synthetic fertilisers in agriculture. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 14490. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18773-w
Mohammed, S., Alsafadi, K., Takács, I., & Harsányi, E. (2020). Contemporary changes of greenhouse gases emission from the agricultural sector in the EU-27. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 4(4), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2019.1694129
Murawska, A., & Goryńska-Goldmann, E. (2023). Greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural and industrial sectors—Change trends, economic conditions, and country classification: Evidence from the European Union. Agriculture, 13(7), 1354. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13071354
Narayan, P. K., & Narayan, S. (2010). Carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: Panel data evidence from developing countries. Energy Policy, 38(1), 661–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.09.005
North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808678
Nsabiyeze, A., Ma, R., Li, J., Luo, H., Zhao, Q., Tomka, J., & Zhang, M. (2024). Tackling climate change in agriculture: A global evaluation of the effectiveness of carbon emission reduction policies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 468, 142973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142973
OECD, & FAO. (2025). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2025–2034. Paris: OECD Publishing; Rome: FAO. https://doi.org/10.1787/601276cd-en
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2024). Environment at a glance indicators. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/environment-at-a-glance-indicators_ac4b8b89-en/full-report.html
Oyewo, O., Ajewole, O. T., Adeyemo, K. A., & Forbin, B. (2025). Addressing climate change challenge through institutional quality mechanisms: The case of carbon emissions of private sector entities. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 27(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-10-2024-0381
Özkan, O., Destek, M. A., & Erdem, A. (2024). Assessing the environmental impact of fertilizer consumption in Turkey. Science of the Total Environment, 955, 177107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177107
Padhan, H., Sahu, S., & Dash, U. (2023). Economic globalization and environmental quality: A study of OECD economies. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25, 10123–10142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02479-0
Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1229. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.572504
Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure. Econometrica, 74(4), 967–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00692.x
Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.951
Peters, M., House, R., Lewandrowski, J., & McDowell, H. (2001). Economic impacts of carbon charges on U.S. agriculture. Climatic Change, 50(4), 445–473. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010684106573
Pinilla-Rodríguez, D., & Hernández-Medina, P. (2025). Regulatory quality concerning carbon dioxide emissions in conjunction with the impact of fiscal decentralization. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 11(4), 1421–1438. https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm.2025.04.04
Porter, M. E., & van der Linde, C. (1995). Toward a new conception of the environment–competitiveness relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4), 97–118. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.4.97
Qureitem, G., Al-Khatib, I. A., & Anayah, F. (2019). Inventory of main greenhouse gas emissions from energy sector in Palestine. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-8027-6
Ren, S., Hu, Y., Zheng, J., & Wang, Y. (2018). Emissions trading and firm innovation: Evidence from a natural experiment in China. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 155, 119989–120000. https://doi.org/ 10.2139/ssrn.3117929
Saba, C. S., Alola, A. A., & Ngepah, N. (2025). Exploring the role of governance and institutional indicators in environmental degradation across global regions. Environmental Development, 54, 101152. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101152
Shao, H. (2024). Agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, fertilizer consumption, and technological innovation: A comprehensive quantile analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 922, 171979. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171979
Sharma, G. D., Shah, M. I., Shahzad, U., Jain, M., & Chopra, R. (2021). Exploring the nexus between agriculture and greenhouse gas emissions in BIMSTEC region: The role of renewable energy and human capital as moderators. Journal of Environmental Management, 297, 113316. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.jenvman.2021.113316
Šikić, T. F., Hodžić, S., & Časni, A. Č. (2025). Do financial inclusion, regulatory quality and government effectiveness matter for green development? Evidence from new EU countries. Engineering Economics, 36(3), 341–355. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.36.3.34801
Tsai, W.-T. (2021). Trend analysis of Taiwan’s greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector and its mitigation strategies and promotion actions. Atmosphere, 12(7), 859. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070859
Tubiello, F. N., Salvatore, M., Golec, R. C., Ferrara, A., Rossi, S., Biancalani, R., Federici, S., Jacobs, H., & Flammini, A. (2014). Agriculture, forestry and other land use emissions by sources and removals by sinks. Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://catalogue.unccd.int/ 356_i3671e.pdf
Udemba, E. N. (2021). Mitigating environmental degradation with institutional quality and foreign direct investment (FDI): New evidence from asymmetric approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 43669–43683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13805-w
Ullah, A., Doğan, M., Pervaiz, A., Ather Bukhari, A. A., Akkus, H. T., & Dogan, H. (2024). The impact of digitalization, technological and financial innovation on environmental quality in OECD countries: Investigation of N-shaped EKC hypothesis. Technology in Society, 77, 102484. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.techsoc.2024.102484
Venkataraman, M., Csereklyei, Z., Aisbett, E., Rahbari, A., Jotzo, F., Lord, M., & Pye, J. (2022). Zero-carbon steel production: The opportunities and role for Australia. Energy Policy, 163, 112811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112811
Wang, Q. J., Geng, Y., & Xia, X. Q. (2021). Revisited globalization’s impact on total environment: Evidence based on overall environmental performance index. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111419
Warsame, A. A., Sheik-Ali, I. A., Mohamed, J., & Sarkodie, S. A. (2022). Renewables and institutional quality mitigate environmental degradation in Somalia. Renewable Energy, 194, 1184–1191. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.109
White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48(4), 817–838. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912934
World Bank. (2025). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
World Resources Institute. (2019). Creating a sustainable food future: A menu of solutions to feed nearly 10 billion people by 2050. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. https://research.wri.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/WRR_Food_Full_Report_0.pdf
Xu, Y., Xu, X., Li, J., Guo, X., Gong, H., Ouyang, Z., Zhang, L., & Mathijs, E. (2023). Excessive synthetic fertilizers elevate greenhouse gas emissions of smallholder-scale staple grain production in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 430, 139720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139720
Yıldırım, H., Radulescu, M., Lögün, A., Özkan, T., & Dogan, M. (2025). Uneven paths to environmental sustainability: Nonlinear impacts of financial development in BRICS-T countries. Sustainability, 17(12), 5387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125387
Zaman, M., Kleineidam, K., Bakken, L., Berendt, J., Bracken, C., Cai, Z., Chang, S. X., Clough, T., Dawar, K., Ding, W. X., Dorsch, P., Martins, M. R., Eckhardt, C., Fiedler, S., Frosch, T., Goopy, J., Gorres, C., Gupta, A., Henjes, S., & Muller, C. (2021). Measuring emission of agricultural greenhouse gases and developing mitigation options using nuclear and related techniques. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8
Zhang, W., Zhu, B., Li, Y., & Yan, D. (2024). Revisiting the Porter hypothesis: A multi-country meta-analysis of the relationship between environmental regulation and green innovation. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 232. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02671-9
Zheng, X., Yue, Q., & Wang, H. (2025). Energy savings and emission reduction benefits of China's aluminum use paths in transport sector. Science of The Total Environment, 979, 179524. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2025.179524

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sustainable Agricultural Development

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hakan Yıldırım ^*
0000-0002-3173-0247
Türkiye

Yasin Karadeniz
Türkiye

Mesut Doğan
0000-0001-6879-1361
Türkiye

Tuba Özkan
0000-0001-9510-2963
Türkiye

Anıl Lögün
0000-0003-2543-3964
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

October 23, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

January 14, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 27, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA96BR42HB

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yıldırım, H., Karadeniz, Y., Doğan, M., Özkan, T., & Lögün, A. (2026). The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259

AMA

1.Yıldırım H, Karadeniz Y, Doğan M, Özkan T, Lögün A. The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259

Chicago

Yıldırım, Hakan, Yasin Karadeniz, Mesut Doğan, Tuba Özkan, and Anıl Lögün. 2026. “The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259.

EndNote

Yıldırım H, Karadeniz Y, Doğan M, Özkan T, Lögün A (October 1, 2026) The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi Advanced Online Publication

IEEE

[1]H. Yıldırım, Y. Karadeniz, M. Doğan, T. Özkan, and A. Lögün, “The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries”, KSU J. Agric Nat., no. Advanced Online Publication, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259.

ISNAD

Yıldırım, Hakan - Karadeniz, Yasin - Doğan, Mesut - Özkan, Tuba - Lögün, Anıl. “The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (October 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259.

JAMA

1.Yıldırım H, Karadeniz Y, Doğan M, Özkan T, Lögün A. The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259.

MLA

Yıldırım, Hakan, et al. “The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication, Oct. 2026, doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259.

Vancouver

1.Hakan Yıldırım, Yasin Karadeniz, Mesut Doğan, Tuba Özkan, Anıl Lögün. The Role of Regulatory Quality in Shaping Input-Driven Agricultural Emissions: Evidence from Lower-Middle-Income Countries. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026 Oct. 1;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1863259