Research Article
Determination of The Effect of Heat Saving Precautions and Cladding Materials on Heat Requirement via Expert System in The Kahramanmaras Region Greenhouses
Abstract
Yield and quality increase can be achieved by
heating in greenhouses. However, because of high initial investment costs,
heating system is not used in most of the greenhouses in the Mediterranean
region where greenhouse is widely used in our country. Unpredictable energy
costs and profitability are another obstacle for producers. Many different
parameters such as regional long-term climate data, greenhouse cover material
type and quality, thermal screen type and its usage, heating system, greenhouse
tightness condition, plant species, solar radiation, wind and lighting play an
important role in the calculation of the heating load to the surroundings. Also the heating load to be calculated is the
basic criterion for determining power of the heating system to be projected.
Therefore, accurate calculations are important in terms of investment cost and
system efficiency. In study, heating load, which is the basis of heating system
projects according to different types of greenhouses for Kahramanmaras region
and heat saving has been determined by using ISIGER-SERA expert system
software. Also, potential of Kahramanmaras for greenhouse production has been
assessed by compared to other regions. In addition, the most appropriate
greenhouse type recommendations for the region were given based on the obtained
results and heat saving measures were examined.
Keywords
References
- Al-Mahdouri, A., Baneshi, M., Gonome, H., Okajima, J., Maruyama, S. (2013). Evaluation of optical properties and thermal performances of different greenhouse covering materials. Solar Energy, 96, 21-32. doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2013.06.029
- Arinze, E. A., Schoenau, G. J., Besant, R. W. (1986). Experimental and computer performance evaluation of a movable thermal insulation for energy conservation in greenhouses. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 34, 97-113. doi: 10.1016/S0021-8634(86)80003-8
- Bartzanas, T., Kitta, E., Katsoulas, N., Tsouknidas, A. (2012). Effect of Two New Cover Materials on Greenhouse Energy Consumption and Cooling Load. Xxviii International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (Ihc2010): International Symposium on Greenhouse 2010 and Soilless Cultivation, 927, 559-563.
- Baytorun, A. N. (2016). Seralar, Sera Tipleri, Donanımı ve İklimlendirilmesi (1 ed.). İstanbul: Nobel kitabevi.
- Baytorun, A. N., Akyüz, A., Zaimoğlu, Z. (2000). Seralarda iklimlendirme. 2. Uluslararası Turfanda Şurası, Anamur.
- Baytorun, N., Abak, K., Tokgöz, H., Altuntas, Ö. (1993). Effect of different greenhouse covering materials on inside climate and on the development of tomato plants. II Symposium on Protected Cultivation of Solanacea in Mild Winter Climates 366.
- Baytorun, N., Akyüz, A., Üstün, S. (2016a). Sera Isıtma Sistemlerinin Projelenmesinde Uzman Sistem "ISIGER-SERA". Tesisat Mühendisliği(155), 13-24.
- Baytorun, N., Akyüz, A., Üstün, S. (2016b). Seralarda ısıtma sistemlerinin modellemesi ve karar verme aşamasında bilimsel verilere dayalı uzman sistemin "ISIGER-SERA" geliştirilmesi. TÜBİTAK 114O533 nolu proje.
- Baytorun, N., Zaimoğlu, Z., Üstün, S. (2012). Akdeniz Bölgesi Seralarında Isı Enerjisi Gereksiniminin ve Enerji Artırım Önlemlerinin Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. II. Ulusal Sulama ve Tarımsal Yapılar Sempozyumu, Bornova, İzmir.
- Castilla, N., Hernandez, J. 2006. Greenhouse technological packages for high-quality crop production. XXVII International Horticultural Congress-IHC2006: International Symposium on Advances in Environmental Control, Auto. 761.
- Castilla, N., Hernandez, J. (2007). Greenhouse technological packages for high quality production. Acta Horticulturae, 285-297. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.761.38
- Chandra, P., Albright, L. D. (1980). Analytical Determination of the Effect on Greenhouse Heating Requirements of Using Night Curtains. Transactions of the Asae, 23(4), 994-1000.
- Critten, D. L., Bailey, B. J. (2002). A review of greenhouse engineering developments during the 1990s. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 112, 1-22. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00057-6
- Çaylı, A. (2014). Plastik Seralarda Isı İletim Katsayısının Belirlenmesi ve Isı Artırım Önlemlerinden Isı Perdelerinin Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. (Doktora Tezi PhD), KSÜ,Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kahramanmaraş.
- Çaylı, A., Boyaci, S., Üstün, S., Akyüz, A. (2014). Kahramanmaraş Bölgesi İçin Seralarda Maksimum Isıtma Yükünün Belirlenmesi. 12. Ulusal Kültürteknik Sempozyumu, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ, Türkiye.
- Damrath, J. (1980). Tabellen zur Heizenergieermittlung von Gewächshäusern Gartenbautechnische Informationen 8. Institut für Technik in Gartenbau und Landwirtschaft, Hannover, 8.
- Garcia, J. L., De la Plaza, S., Navas, L. M., Benavente, R. M., Luna, L. (1998). Evaluation of the feasibility of alternative energy sources for greenhouse heating. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 69(2), 107-114. doi: DOI 10.1006/jaer.1997.0228
- Hemming, S., Mohammadkhani, V., van Ruijven, J. (2014). Material Technology of Diffuse Greenhouse Covering Materials - Influence on Light Transmission, Light Scattering and Light Spectrum. International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-Saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory - Greensys 2013, 1037, 883-895.
- Kravchenko, A., Saltanovich, T., Danailov, J. (1994). Influence of stress temperature on the masculine gametophyte of tomatoes. Stiinte biologice si chimice.
- Le Quillec, S., Brajeul, E., Lesourd, D., Loda, D. (2005). Thermal Screen Evalution In Soilless Tomato Crop Under Glasshouse. Acta Horticulturae.
- Lee, H. W., Lee, J. W., Diop, S., Na, O. H. (2014). Measurement of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of Covering Material with Thermal Screens for Plastic Greenhouse. International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-Saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory - Greensys 2013, 1037, 219-224.
- Meyer, J. (1984). The influence of thermal screens on energy consumption of greenhouse. Garten Dauwissen Schaft, 49, 74-80.
- Nijskens, J., Deltour, J., Coutisse, S., Nisen, A. (1984). Heat-Transfer through Covering Materials of Greenhouses. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 33(2-3), 193-214. doi: Doi 10.1016/0168-1923(84)90070-4
- Papadopoulos, A. P., Hao, X. M. (1997). Effects of three greenhouse cover materials on tomato growth, productivity, and energy use. Scientia Horticulturae, 70(2-3), 165-178. doi: Doi 10.1016/S0304-4238(97)00054-X
- Popovski, K. (1986). Location of heating installations in greenhouses for low temperature heating fluids. CNRE Bulletin (FAO).
- Rath, T. (1992). Einsatz wissensbasierter Systeme zur Modellierung und Darstellung von garten bautechnischem Fachwissen am Beispiel des hybriden Expertensystems HORTEX. Garten bautechnische Informationen (Germany). no. 34.
- Stanghellini, C., Bruins, M., Mohammadkhani, V., Swinkels, G. J., Sonneveld, P. J. (2012). Effect of Condensation on Light Transmission and Energy Budget of Seven Greenhouse Cover Materials. International Symposium on Advanced Technologies and Management Towards Sustainable Greenhouse Ecosystems: Greensys2011, 952, 249-254.
- Stanghellini, C., Kempkes, F., Knies, P. (2003). Enhancing environmental quality in agricultural systems. International Symposium on Managing Greenhouse Crops in Saline Environment 609.
- Tantau, H. J. (1983). Heizungsanlagen Im Gartenbau.Handbuch Des Erwerbsgärtners., 258.
- Tantau, H. J., Hinken, J., von Elsner, B., Max, J. F. J., Ulbrich, A., Schurr, U., Hofmann, T., Reisinger, G. (2012). Solar Transmittance of Greenhouse Covering Materials. Vii International Symposium on Light in Horticultural Systems, 956, 441-448.
- Tekinel, O., Baytorun, A. (1990). Seracılıkta yeni teknolojiler. Türkiye, 5, 11-21. Tülücü, K. (2003). Özel Bitkilerin Sulanması Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları Ders Notları: Baskı.
- Von Zabeltitz, C. (1986). Gewachshauser - Handbuch des Erwerbsgartners. Stuttgart: Ulmer -Verlag.
- Von Zabeltitz, C. (2011). Integrated Greenhouse Systems for Mild Climates: Climate Conditions, Design, Construction, Maintenance, Climate Control. 285-311. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14582-7_12
- Von Zabeltiz, C. (1992). Energy-efficient greenhouse designs for Mediterranean countries. Plasticulture (France).
Kahramanmaraş Bölgesi İçin Seralarda Örtü Malzemesi ve Isı Tasarruf Önlemlerinin Isıtma Yüküne Etkisinin Uzman Sistem ile Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Seralarda ısıtma yapılarak üretim ve kalite artışı sağlanabilmektedir.
Ancak Ülkemizde seracılığın yaygın bir şekilde yapıldığı Akdeniz bölgesinde,
ısıtma sistemlerinin ilk yatırım maliyetlerinin yüksek olması nedeniyle ısıtma
sistemleri kullanılamamaktadır. Bunun yanında öngörülemeyen enerji maliyetleri
ve karlılık konusu ise üreticiler için bir başka engel oluşturmaktadır.
Seralarda ısıtma yükünün hesaplanmasında bölgesel olarak uzun yıllık iklim
verileri, sera örtü malzemesi türü ve niteliği, ısı perdesi kullanımı, ısı
perdesi türü, ısıtma sistemi, sera sızdırmazlık durumu, yetiştirilecek bitki
türü, güneş radyasyonu, rüzgâr, aydınlatma vs. gibi birçok farklı parametre
önemli rol oynamaktadır. Aynı zamanda hesaplanacak ısıtma yükü, projelenecek
sistemin ısıtma gücünün belirlenmesinde de temel parametredir. Bu sebeple
hesaplamaların tam ve doğru olarak yapılması yatırım maliyeti ve sistemin
etkinliği açısından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışma ile Kahramanmaraş bölgesi için
farklı sera tipleri ve ısı tasarruf önlemlerine göre ısıtma sistemi projelerine
temel teşkil eden ısıtma yükü, ISIGER-SERA uzman sistem yazılımı ile belirlenmiş
ve diğer bölgelerdeki seralarla kıyaslanarak bölgenin seracılık açısından
potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen sonuçlar üzerinden bölge
için en uygun sera tipi önerisi ile ısı tasarruf önlemleri belirlenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Al-Mahdouri, A., Baneshi, M., Gonome, H., Okajima, J., Maruyama, S. (2013). Evaluation of optical properties and thermal performances of different greenhouse covering materials. Solar Energy, 96, 21-32. doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2013.06.029
- Arinze, E. A., Schoenau, G. J., Besant, R. W. (1986). Experimental and computer performance evaluation of a movable thermal insulation for energy conservation in greenhouses. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 34, 97-113. doi: 10.1016/S0021-8634(86)80003-8
- Bartzanas, T., Kitta, E., Katsoulas, N., Tsouknidas, A. (2012). Effect of Two New Cover Materials on Greenhouse Energy Consumption and Cooling Load. Xxviii International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (Ihc2010): International Symposium on Greenhouse 2010 and Soilless Cultivation, 927, 559-563.
- Baytorun, A. N. (2016). Seralar, Sera Tipleri, Donanımı ve İklimlendirilmesi (1 ed.). İstanbul: Nobel kitabevi.
- Baytorun, A. N., Akyüz, A., Zaimoğlu, Z. (2000). Seralarda iklimlendirme. 2. Uluslararası Turfanda Şurası, Anamur.
- Baytorun, N., Abak, K., Tokgöz, H., Altuntas, Ö. (1993). Effect of different greenhouse covering materials on inside climate and on the development of tomato plants. II Symposium on Protected Cultivation of Solanacea in Mild Winter Climates 366.
- Baytorun, N., Akyüz, A., Üstün, S. (2016a). Sera Isıtma Sistemlerinin Projelenmesinde Uzman Sistem "ISIGER-SERA". Tesisat Mühendisliği(155), 13-24.
- Baytorun, N., Akyüz, A., Üstün, S. (2016b). Seralarda ısıtma sistemlerinin modellemesi ve karar verme aşamasında bilimsel verilere dayalı uzman sistemin "ISIGER-SERA" geliştirilmesi. TÜBİTAK 114O533 nolu proje.
- Baytorun, N., Zaimoğlu, Z., Üstün, S. (2012). Akdeniz Bölgesi Seralarında Isı Enerjisi Gereksiniminin ve Enerji Artırım Önlemlerinin Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. II. Ulusal Sulama ve Tarımsal Yapılar Sempozyumu, Bornova, İzmir.
- Castilla, N., Hernandez, J. 2006. Greenhouse technological packages for high-quality crop production. XXVII International Horticultural Congress-IHC2006: International Symposium on Advances in Environmental Control, Auto. 761.
- Castilla, N., Hernandez, J. (2007). Greenhouse technological packages for high quality production. Acta Horticulturae, 285-297. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.761.38
- Chandra, P., Albright, L. D. (1980). Analytical Determination of the Effect on Greenhouse Heating Requirements of Using Night Curtains. Transactions of the Asae, 23(4), 994-1000.
- Critten, D. L., Bailey, B. J. (2002). A review of greenhouse engineering developments during the 1990s. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 112, 1-22. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00057-6
- Çaylı, A. (2014). Plastik Seralarda Isı İletim Katsayısının Belirlenmesi ve Isı Artırım Önlemlerinden Isı Perdelerinin Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. (Doktora Tezi PhD), KSÜ,Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kahramanmaraş.
- Çaylı, A., Boyaci, S., Üstün, S., Akyüz, A. (2014). Kahramanmaraş Bölgesi İçin Seralarda Maksimum Isıtma Yükünün Belirlenmesi. 12. Ulusal Kültürteknik Sempozyumu, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ, Türkiye.
- Damrath, J. (1980). Tabellen zur Heizenergieermittlung von Gewächshäusern Gartenbautechnische Informationen 8. Institut für Technik in Gartenbau und Landwirtschaft, Hannover, 8.
- Garcia, J. L., De la Plaza, S., Navas, L. M., Benavente, R. M., Luna, L. (1998). Evaluation of the feasibility of alternative energy sources for greenhouse heating. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 69(2), 107-114. doi: DOI 10.1006/jaer.1997.0228
- Hemming, S., Mohammadkhani, V., van Ruijven, J. (2014). Material Technology of Diffuse Greenhouse Covering Materials - Influence on Light Transmission, Light Scattering and Light Spectrum. International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-Saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory - Greensys 2013, 1037, 883-895.
- Kravchenko, A., Saltanovich, T., Danailov, J. (1994). Influence of stress temperature on the masculine gametophyte of tomatoes. Stiinte biologice si chimice.
- Le Quillec, S., Brajeul, E., Lesourd, D., Loda, D. (2005). Thermal Screen Evalution In Soilless Tomato Crop Under Glasshouse. Acta Horticulturae.
- Lee, H. W., Lee, J. W., Diop, S., Na, O. H. (2014). Measurement of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of Covering Material with Thermal Screens for Plastic Greenhouse. International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-Saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant Factory - Greensys 2013, 1037, 219-224.
- Meyer, J. (1984). The influence of thermal screens on energy consumption of greenhouse. Garten Dauwissen Schaft, 49, 74-80.
- Nijskens, J., Deltour, J., Coutisse, S., Nisen, A. (1984). Heat-Transfer through Covering Materials of Greenhouses. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 33(2-3), 193-214. doi: Doi 10.1016/0168-1923(84)90070-4
- Papadopoulos, A. P., Hao, X. M. (1997). Effects of three greenhouse cover materials on tomato growth, productivity, and energy use. Scientia Horticulturae, 70(2-3), 165-178. doi: Doi 10.1016/S0304-4238(97)00054-X
- Popovski, K. (1986). Location of heating installations in greenhouses for low temperature heating fluids. CNRE Bulletin (FAO).
- Rath, T. (1992). Einsatz wissensbasierter Systeme zur Modellierung und Darstellung von garten bautechnischem Fachwissen am Beispiel des hybriden Expertensystems HORTEX. Garten bautechnische Informationen (Germany). no. 34.
- Stanghellini, C., Bruins, M., Mohammadkhani, V., Swinkels, G. J., Sonneveld, P. J. (2012). Effect of Condensation on Light Transmission and Energy Budget of Seven Greenhouse Cover Materials. International Symposium on Advanced Technologies and Management Towards Sustainable Greenhouse Ecosystems: Greensys2011, 952, 249-254.
- Stanghellini, C., Kempkes, F., Knies, P. (2003). Enhancing environmental quality in agricultural systems. International Symposium on Managing Greenhouse Crops in Saline Environment 609.
- Tantau, H. J. (1983). Heizungsanlagen Im Gartenbau.Handbuch Des Erwerbsgärtners., 258.
- Tantau, H. J., Hinken, J., von Elsner, B., Max, J. F. J., Ulbrich, A., Schurr, U., Hofmann, T., Reisinger, G. (2012). Solar Transmittance of Greenhouse Covering Materials. Vii International Symposium on Light in Horticultural Systems, 956, 441-448.
- Tekinel, O., Baytorun, A. (1990). Seracılıkta yeni teknolojiler. Türkiye, 5, 11-21. Tülücü, K. (2003). Özel Bitkilerin Sulanması Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları Ders Notları: Baskı.
- Von Zabeltitz, C. (1986). Gewachshauser - Handbuch des Erwerbsgartners. Stuttgart: Ulmer -Verlag.
- Von Zabeltitz, C. (2011). Integrated Greenhouse Systems for Mild Climates: Climate Conditions, Design, Construction, Maintenance, Climate Control. 285-311. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14582-7_12
- Von Zabeltiz, C. (1992). Energy-efficient greenhouse designs for Mediterranean countries. Plasticulture (France).
There are 34 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 15, 2018 |
| Submission Date | June 14, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | November 13, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018Volume: 21 Issue: 3 |
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