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Effects of Tannins on Poultry Nutrition

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 4, 615 - 623, 31.08.2018

Süleyman Çalışlar

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.359982

Abstract

One of the most important secondary metabolite found in cereals,
legumes, vegetables and fruits is tannins. Tannins are polymeric phenolic
compounds in the amorphous structure which are nitrogen-free, hydrolyzed and
condensed forms. Tannins that can be hydrolyzed are found in smaller amounts in
plants. Condensed tannins have flavonoid units resistant to hydrolysis.

Tannins have antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial and
antiparasitic functions. On the other hand, due to their anti-nutritional
contents, they have some negative effects on poultry. According to ruminants,
poultry are more sensitive to tannins. High amounts of tannins lead to
performance losses in poultry, such as reduced appetite, reduced feed intake,
and poor absorption of nutrients etc. Tannins, also known as potent liver and
kidney poisons, cause poultry to develop bone disorders and pathological
changes at various levels in tissues, irritation in esophagus, necrosis in
crop, gizzard, and duodenum.





In
this review, the characteristics of tannins, their classification, the general
effects of tannins on feeding of poultry and practices that reduce the amount
of tannins have been examined.

Keywords

Tannin Phenolic compound Poultry nutrition

References

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  • Goel G, Puniya AK, Singh K 2005. Interaction of gut microflora with tannins in feeds. Naturwissenschaften, 92(11): 497-503.
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Tanenlerin Kanatlı Hayvan Beslemede Etkileri

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 4, 615 - 623, 31.08.2018

Süleyman Çalışlar

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.359982

Abstract

Tahıl, baklagil, sebze ve meyvelerde bulunan en
önemli ikincil metabolitlerden birisi de tanenlerdir. Tanenler, azot içermeyen,
hidrolize ve kondense şekillerde olan, amorf yapıdaki polimerik fenolik
bileşiklerdir. Hidrolize olabilen tanenler bitkilerde daha az miktarlarda bulunurlar.
Kondense tanenler ise, hidroliz ile parçalanmaya dayanıklı flavonoid
ünitelerinden meydana gelmiştir.



Tanenler, antioksidan, antikanserojen,
antimikrobiyal ve antiparaziter fonksiyonlara sahiptirler. Diğer yandan anti
besinsel özellikleri nedeniyle kanatlı hayvanlar üzerinde bazı olumsuz etkileri
vardır.  Ruminantlarla
karşılaştırıldığında kanatlı hayvanlar, tanenlere karşı daha hassastırlar.
Yüksek miktardaki tanenler, kanatlı hayvanlarda iştahın azalması ve buna bağlı
olarak yem tüketiminin düşmesi, besin emiliminin kötüleşmesi vb. gibi
performans kayıplarına yol açarlar. Ayrıca güçlü bir karaciğer ve böbrek zehiri
olarak da bilinen tanenler, kanatlı hayvanların yemek borusunda tahrişe,
kursak, taşlık ve duedonumda nekrozlara, kemik bozukluklarına ve dokularda
çeşitli düzeyde patolojik değişimlerin meydana gelmesine neden olurlar.



Bu derlemede, tanenin
özellikleri, sınıflandırılması, kanatlı hayvanlarının beslenmesindeki genel
etkileri ve tanen miktarını azaltan uygulamalar incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Tanen Fenolik bileşik kanatlı besleme

References

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  • Akar F, Kaya S, Filazi A, Yarsan E 1994. Yem ve yem ham maddelerinde bulunan bazı doğal olumsuzluk faktörleri: 1. Tanen ve siyanür düzeyleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (1): 119-131.
  • Akiyama H, Fujii K, Yamasaki O, Oono T, Iwatsuki K 2001. Antibacterial action of several tannins against staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemother, 48(4): 487-491.
  • Aktaş B, Akkan S 2011. Sığır besi yemine ilave edilen meşe palamudu taneninin rumen fermantasyonuna etkilerinin rumen simulasyon tekniği (Rusitek) ile saptanması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(3): 249-254.
  • Alain MR, Kabir Akma, Amin MR, McNeill DM 2005. The effect of calcium hydroxide treatment oil the nutritive and feeding value of Albiza procera for growing goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 122(3): 134-148.
  • Arigator V, Samman S 1994 Intestinal nutrient interactions and significance. Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 48(1):198-204.
  • Ashok PK, Upadhyaya K 2012. Tannins are astringent. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. IC Journal No: 8192, 1(3): 45-50.
  • Atteh JO 2002. Principles and practice of livestock feed manufacturing. Aldek Printers, Ilorin, Nigeria, 10-30 s.
  • Aydın SA, Üstün F 2007. Tanenler I kimyasal yapıları, farmakolojik etkileri, analiz yöntemleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1): 21-31.
  • Bae HD, Mcallister TA, Yanke J, Cheng KJ, Muir AD 1993. Effects of condensed tannins on endoglucanase activity and filter paper digestion by Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59(7):2132-2138.
  • Bele AA, Varsha JM, Nikam SR, Vilasrao JK 2009. Antibacterial potential of herbal formulation. Research Journal of Microbiology, 4 (4): 164-167.
  • Chamorro S, Viveros A, Rebolé A, Rica BD, Arija I, Brenes A 2015. Influence of dietary enzyme addition on polyphenol utilization and meat lipid oxidation of chicks fed grape pomace. Food Research International,73 (1): 197-203.
  • Chung KT, Wei CI, Johnson MG 1998. Are tanens a double-edged sword in biology and health? Trends in Food Science and Technology, 9(4):168-175.
  • Diarra SS, Usman BA 2008. Growth performance and some blood variables of broiler chickens fed raw or boiled mango kernel meal. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7(4): 315-318.
  • Dillon, YM 1994. Natural antimicrobial systems and food preservation. CAB International, Oxon, 167- 179 s.
  • Doka O, Bicanic DD, Dicko MH, Slingerland MA 2004. Photoacoustic approach to direct determination of the total phenolic content in red sorghum flours. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52 (8): 2133-2136.
  • Ebadi MR, Pourreza J, Jamalian J, Edriss MA, Samie AH, Mirhadi SA 2005. Amino acid content and availability in low, medium and high tannin sorghum grain for poultry. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4 (1): 27-31.
  • Ebrahim R, Liang JB, Jahromi MF, Shokryazdan P, Ebrahimi M, Chen WL 2015. Effects of tannic acid on performance and fatty acid composition of breast muscle in broiler chickens under heat stress. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14 (4):572-577.
  • Edwin-Jarald E 2007. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 1st Edn., Lavoisier, New York, 377 s.
  • Ferruzzi G, Pistoia A, Balestri G, Casarosa L, Poli P 2009. Effect of different processing methods on the nutritional characteristics and tannin content of fababean seed (Vicia faba minor), Italian Journal of Animal Science, 8(2): 298-300.
  • Flores MP, Castonin JIR, McNab JM 1994. Effect of tannins on starch digestibility and TME of tritriclate and semi purified starches from tritriclate and field beans. British Poultry Science, 35(2):281-286.
  • Funatogawa K, Hayashi S, Shimomura H, Yoshida T, Hatano T, Ito H, Hirai Y 2004. Antibacterial activity of hydrolyzable tannins derived from medicinal plants against Helicobacter pylori. Microbiology and Immunology, 48(4):251-261.
  • Gamble GR, Akin DE, Makkar HPS, Becker K 1996. Biological degradation of tannin in Sericea lespedeza by the white fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Cyatlms sfercoreus analysed by solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62(10): 3600-3604.
  • Gawel R. 1998. Red wine astringency: a review. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 4(2): 74-95.
  • Gnanamani A, Sekaran G, Babu M 2001. Removal of tannin from cross-linked and open chain polymeric tannin substrates using heme peroxidases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 24(4): 211-217.
  • Goel G, Puniya AK, Singh K 2005. Interaction of gut microflora with tannins in feeds. Naturwissenschaften, 92(11): 497-503.
  • Goun EA, Petrichenko VM, Solodnikov SU, Suhinina TV, Kline MA, Cunningham G, Nguyen C, Miles H 2002. Miles, “Anticancer and antithrombin activity of Russian plants”, Journal of Ethnopharm, 81(3): 337-342.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors

Süleyman Çalışlar

Publication Date August 31, 2018
Submission Date December 1, 2017
Acceptance Date January 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018Volume: 21 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Çalışlar, S. (2018). Tanenlerin Kanatlı Hayvan Beslemede Etkileri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(4), 615-623. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.359982
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