Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı meyve
oluşturma döneminde toplanan maki türlerinin yapraklarının kimyasal
kompozisyonunu ve besin değerlerini karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla Quercus coccifera L. (QC), Quercus branti Lindl. (QB), Quercus
vulcanica Boiss and Heldr. Ex Kotschy (QV), Phillyrea
latifolia (L.) Salibs (PL), Styrax officinalis L. (SO), Arbutus
andrachne L. (AA) ve Olea europaea L. (OE) bitkilerinin yaprakları meyve oluşturma döneminde toplanmıştır.
Bu araştırmada, kuru madde (KM), ham protein (HP), ham kül (HK), organik madde
(OM), nötral deterjan lif (NDF), asit deterjan lif (ADF), asit deterjan lignin
(ADL), lif olmayan karbonhidratlar (NFC), ham yağ (HY) ve kondense tanen (KT)
özellikleri yaprakların kimyasal kompozisyonunu belirlemek için ölçülmüştür. Ek
olarak, kuru madde tüketimi (KMT), kuru madde sindirimi (KMS), nispi yem değeri
(NYD) ve metabolik enerji (MEADF) gibi özellikler ise yaprakların
besleme değerini değerlendirmek için hesaplanmıştır. Yaprakların KM içeriği
dışında incelenen tüm parametreler istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. Mevcut
çalışmanın sonuçları SO’nun çiftlik
hayvanları özelliklede keçiler için daha iyi bir besin değeri ve kimyasal
içeriğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, SO’nun ileriki çalışmalarda çiçeklenme ve/veya daha erken bir
periyotta incelenebileceği söylenebilir.
References
- Adams AS, Rieske LK 2003. Prescribed fire affects white oak seedling phytochemistry: implications for insect herbivory. Forest Ecology and Manage, 176 (1-3): 37-47.
- AOAC 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., pp. 66-68. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
- Burke IC, Lauenroth WK, Patron WJ 1997. Reginal and temporal variation in net primary production and nitrogen mineralization in grasslands. Ecology, 78 (6): 1330-1340.
- Delgado-Pertı́ñez M, Gómez-Cabrera A, Garrido A 2000. Predicting the nutritive value of the olive leaf (Olea europaea): digestibility and chemical composition and in vitro studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 87 (3-4): 187-201.
- Dökülgen H 2015. Kilis ekolojik koşullarında yaygın olarak yetişen bazı çalı ve ağaç türlerinin mevsimsel besin içeriği değişiminin belirlenmesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 82sy, Iğdır.
- Güngör T, Başalan M, Aydoğan İ 2008. Kırıkkale yöresinde üretilen bazı kaba yemlerde besin madde miktarları ve metabolize olabilir enerji düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 55: 111-115.
- Kamalak A 2006. Determination of nutritive value of leaves of a native grown shrub, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using in vitro and in situ measurements. Small Ruminant Research, 64 (3): 268-278.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Ozay O, Aktas S 2004. Nutritive value of oak (Quercus sp.) leaves. Small Ruminant Research, 53 (1-2): 161-165.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Atalay AI, Kaplan M 2010. Determination of potential nutritive value of young, old and senescent leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 37 (2): 257-260.
- Kaya E, Kamalak A 2012. Potential nutritive value and condensed tannin contents of acorns from different oak species. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 18(6): 1061-1066.
- Keppler F, Hamilton JTG, Braß M, Röckmann T 2006. Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature, 439: 187-1941.
- Kilic U, Boga M, Guven I 2010. Chemical composition and nutritive value of oak (Quercus robur) nut and leaves. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 38 (1): 101-104.
- Kökten K, Kaplan M, Hatipoglu R, Saruhan V, Cinar S 2012. Nutritive value of Mediterranean shrubs. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22 (1): 188-194.
- Kökten K, Kaplan M, Turan V, Kale H, Çaçan E, Kardeş YM, Tutar H, Tal E 2017. Farklı meşe palamudu türlerinin (Quercus sp.) hayvan besleme özellikleri. 12. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Elektronik Kongre Kitabı, 236-340.
- Kumar R, Singh M 1984. Tannins: Their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 37: 447-453.
- Makkar HPS, Blummel M, Becker K 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in vitro techniques. British Journal of Nutrition, 73 (6): 897-913.
- NRC 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th revised edition. Washington (DC): National Academy Press.
- Oberhuber W, Kofler W 2000. Topographic influences on radial growth of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) at small spatial scales. Plant Ecology, 146 (2): 231-240.
- Özen N, Kırkpınar F, Özdoğan M, Ertürk MM, Yurtman İY 2005. Hayvan besleme. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VI. Teknik Kongresi, 3-7 Ocak Ankara, 753-771.
- Papanastasis VP, Yiakoulaki MD, Decandia M, Dini-Papanastasis O 2008. Integrating woody species into livestock feeding in the Mediterranean areas of Europe. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 140 (1-2): 1-17.
- Rogosic J, Pfister JA, Provenza FD, Grbesa D 2006. Sheep and goat preference for and nutritional value of Mediterranean maquis shrubs. Small Ruminant Research, 64 (1-2): 169-179.
- Schofield P, Mbugua DM, Pell AN 2001. Analysis of condensed tannins: a review. Animal Feed Science Technology, 91 (1-2): 21–40.
- Temel S, Tan M 2011. Fodder values of shrub species in Maquis in different altitudes and slope aspects. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21(3): 508-512.
- TUIK 2018. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, www.tuik.gov.tr
- Van Dyke NJ, Anderson PM 2002. Interpreting a forage analysis. Alabama Cooperative Extension, Circular ANR-890.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74 (10): 3583-3597.
- Yolcu Hİ, Okudan A, Başaran S, Özen N 2014. Küçükbaş hayvanların beslenmesi açısından bazı maki türlerinin besin madde içeriklerinin belirlenmesi. II. Ulusal Akdeniz Orman ve Çevre Sempozyumu, 129-135.
Abstract
The goal of the present
study was to compare the leaves of some shrubs in terms of chemical composition
and nutritive value at the period of baby fruit. For this purpose, leaves of Quercus coccifera L (QC), Quercus
branti Lindl (QB), Quercus vulcanica Boiss and Heldr. Ex
Kotschy (QV), Phillyrea latifolia (L.) Salibs (PL), Styrax officinalis L
(SO), Arbutus andrachne L (AA)
and Olea europaea L (OE) plants were collected at the period
of baby fruit. In this research, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude ash
(CA), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber
(ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), crude fat
(CF) and condensed tannins (CT) was measured to determine the chemical
compositions of leaves (P<0.01). In addition, dry matter intake (DMI), dry
matter digestibility (DMD), relative feed value (RFV) and metabolic energy (MEADF)
were calculated to evaluate the nutritive value of leaves. All investigated
parameters were statistically different except for DM content of leaves. Results
of current study showed that the SO had better nutritive value and chemical
contents for livestock especially goats. It can be concluded that the CT
content of SO can be examined at the
flowering and/or earlier period in further studies.
References
- Adams AS, Rieske LK 2003. Prescribed fire affects white oak seedling phytochemistry: implications for insect herbivory. Forest Ecology and Manage, 176 (1-3): 37-47.
- AOAC 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., pp. 66-68. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
- Burke IC, Lauenroth WK, Patron WJ 1997. Reginal and temporal variation in net primary production and nitrogen mineralization in grasslands. Ecology, 78 (6): 1330-1340.
- Delgado-Pertı́ñez M, Gómez-Cabrera A, Garrido A 2000. Predicting the nutritive value of the olive leaf (Olea europaea): digestibility and chemical composition and in vitro studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 87 (3-4): 187-201.
- Dökülgen H 2015. Kilis ekolojik koşullarında yaygın olarak yetişen bazı çalı ve ağaç türlerinin mevsimsel besin içeriği değişiminin belirlenmesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 82sy, Iğdır.
- Güngör T, Başalan M, Aydoğan İ 2008. Kırıkkale yöresinde üretilen bazı kaba yemlerde besin madde miktarları ve metabolize olabilir enerji düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 55: 111-115.
- Kamalak A 2006. Determination of nutritive value of leaves of a native grown shrub, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using in vitro and in situ measurements. Small Ruminant Research, 64 (3): 268-278.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Ozay O, Aktas S 2004. Nutritive value of oak (Quercus sp.) leaves. Small Ruminant Research, 53 (1-2): 161-165.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Atalay AI, Kaplan M 2010. Determination of potential nutritive value of young, old and senescent leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 37 (2): 257-260.
- Kaya E, Kamalak A 2012. Potential nutritive value and condensed tannin contents of acorns from different oak species. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 18(6): 1061-1066.
- Keppler F, Hamilton JTG, Braß M, Röckmann T 2006. Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature, 439: 187-1941.
- Kilic U, Boga M, Guven I 2010. Chemical composition and nutritive value of oak (Quercus robur) nut and leaves. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 38 (1): 101-104.
- Kökten K, Kaplan M, Hatipoglu R, Saruhan V, Cinar S 2012. Nutritive value of Mediterranean shrubs. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22 (1): 188-194.
- Kökten K, Kaplan M, Turan V, Kale H, Çaçan E, Kardeş YM, Tutar H, Tal E 2017. Farklı meşe palamudu türlerinin (Quercus sp.) hayvan besleme özellikleri. 12. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi Elektronik Kongre Kitabı, 236-340.
- Kumar R, Singh M 1984. Tannins: Their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 37: 447-453.
- Makkar HPS, Blummel M, Becker K 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in vitro techniques. British Journal of Nutrition, 73 (6): 897-913.
- NRC 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th revised edition. Washington (DC): National Academy Press.
- Oberhuber W, Kofler W 2000. Topographic influences on radial growth of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) at small spatial scales. Plant Ecology, 146 (2): 231-240.
- Özen N, Kırkpınar F, Özdoğan M, Ertürk MM, Yurtman İY 2005. Hayvan besleme. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VI. Teknik Kongresi, 3-7 Ocak Ankara, 753-771.
- Papanastasis VP, Yiakoulaki MD, Decandia M, Dini-Papanastasis O 2008. Integrating woody species into livestock feeding in the Mediterranean areas of Europe. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 140 (1-2): 1-17.
- Rogosic J, Pfister JA, Provenza FD, Grbesa D 2006. Sheep and goat preference for and nutritional value of Mediterranean maquis shrubs. Small Ruminant Research, 64 (1-2): 169-179.
- Schofield P, Mbugua DM, Pell AN 2001. Analysis of condensed tannins: a review. Animal Feed Science Technology, 91 (1-2): 21–40.
- Temel S, Tan M 2011. Fodder values of shrub species in Maquis in different altitudes and slope aspects. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21(3): 508-512.
- TUIK 2018. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, www.tuik.gov.tr
- Van Dyke NJ, Anderson PM 2002. Interpreting a forage analysis. Alabama Cooperative Extension, Circular ANR-890.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74 (10): 3583-3597.
- Yolcu Hİ, Okudan A, Başaran S, Özen N 2014. Küçükbaş hayvanların beslenmesi açısından bazı maki türlerinin besin madde içeriklerinin belirlenmesi. II. Ulusal Akdeniz Orman ve Çevre Sempozyumu, 129-135.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 31, 2019 |
| Submission Date | February 22, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | April 19, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019Volume: 22 Issue: 5 |
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