Research Article
Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil and Crude Oil of Some Fruits belonging to Umbelliferae Family cultivated in Konya Ecological Conditions
Abstract
Apiaceae, also called Umbelliferae, the parsley family, in the order Apiales, comprising around 300 and 400 genera of plants distributed throughout a wide variety of habitats, principally in the north temperate regions of the world. Most members of Umbelliferae family are aromatic herbs. Species used as herbs and spices include fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), anise (Pimpinella anisum), dill (Anethum graveolens), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). In this study, essential oil and crude oil components were determined in the seeds of dill, fennel, aniseed, cumin and coriander. The yield and components of essential oil and crude oil, main active compounds in the fruit of the plants of dill, fennel, anise, cumin and coriander grown in the ecological conditions of Konya were examined. According to the results, essential oil and crude oil yields were 3.5 % and 5.06 % in dill, 2.25 % and 22.07 % in anise, 2.70 % and 7.34 % in fennel, 1.90 % and 11.26 % in cumin, 0.95 % and 18.48 % in coriander. The main components of dill, fennel, anise, cumin and coriander seed essential oils were carvone (45.221 %), trans-anethole (86.898 %), (Z-)-Anethole (92.478 %), cumin aldehyde (42.900 %) and linalool (87.238 %) respectively. In crude oils, the main component was determined as C18:1 (oleic acid).
References
- Akgül A 1986. Dereotu, Havuç, Kereviz ve Maydanoz Tohum Uçucu Yağlarının Analitik Kriterleri Üzerine Araştırma, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17(1-4): 25-30.
- Anwar F, Sulman M, Hussain AI, Saari N, Iqbal S, Rashid U 2011. Physicochemical composition of hydro-distilled essential oil from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds cultivated in Pakistan, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(15): 3537-3544.
- AOAC Official Method 994.12, Amino Acids in Feeds. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC Int. 18th Ed, 2005, Rev. 4. 2011, Chapter 4, pp 9–19.
- Ayhan H, Özel A 2017. Harran Ovası Koşullarında Dereotu (Anethum graveolens L.)’nda Uygun Hasat Zamanının Belirlenmesi, Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 21(4): 466-479.
- Bhuiyan MDNİ, Begum J, Sultana M 2009. Chemical composition of leaf and seed essential oil of Coriandrum sativum L. from Bangladesh, Bangladesh J Pharmacol 4: 150-153.
- Bowes KM, Zheljazkov VD 2005. Essential Oil Yields and Quality of Fennel Grown in Nova Scotia, Hortscience 39(7): 1640-1643.
- Charles DJ, Simon JE, Widrlechner MP 1995. Characterization of Essential Oil of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.), Journal of Essential Oil Research 7(1): 11-20.
- European Pharmacopoeia 7th Edition 2011. Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France.
- Gohari AR, Saeidnia S 2011. A Review on Phytochemistry of Cuminum cyminum seeds and its Standards from Field to Market, Pharmacognosy Journal 3(25): 1-5.
- Gotmare SR, Tambe EA 2018. Chemical Characterization of Cumin Seed Oil (Cuminum cyminum) by GC-MS and its Comparative Study, International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences 5(3): 36-45.
- Gökduman GA, Telci İ 2018. Bazı Kişniş (Coriandrum sativum L.) Genotiplerinin Isparta Koşullarında Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 22(3): 1165-1168.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C 2004. PDR for Herbal Medicines, 3rd Ed. Montvale, NJ: Thomson Healthcare, Londra. 700 sy.
- Hah SA, Ea Ö 2016. Essential Oil Content and Chemical Composition of Eight Dill (Anethum Graveolens L.) Cultivars Cultivated under Egyptian Conditions, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8(5): 227-231.
- Haşimi N, Tolan V, Kızıl S, Kılınç E 2014. Anason (Pimpinella anisum L.) ve Kimyon (Cuminum cyminum L.) Tohumlarının Uçucu Yağ Kompozisyonu ile Antimikrobiyal ve Antioksidan Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Tar. Bil. Der 20: 19-26.
- Hajyzadeh M, Yıldırım MU, Karagöz İ, Sarıhan EO, Khawar KM 2017. Farklı Yaşlardaki Anason (Pimpinella anisum L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenmesine Gibberellik Asitin (GA3) Etkisi, KSÜ Doğa Bil. Dergisi (Özel Sayı) 20: 332-336.
- Kaçar O, Özkan N 2005. Çeşitli İklim Faktörlerinin, Farklı Gelişme Dönemlerinin ve Gün İçerisindeki Farklı Toplama Saatlerinin Sarı Kantaron (Hypericum perforatum L.)’da Hiperisin Oranı Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi, Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Dergisi 42(2): 23-34.
- Kan Y, Kartal M, Özek T, Aslan S, Başer KHC 2007. Composition of Essential Oil of Cuminum Cyminum L. According to Harvesting Times, Turkish J. Pharm. Sci. 4(1): 25-29.
- Keskin S, Baydar H 2016. Umbelliferae Familyasından Bazı Önemli Kültür Türlerinin Isparta Ekolojik Koşullarında Tarımsal ve Teknolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, S.D.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 20(1): 133-141.
- Negahban M, Saeedfar S, Rowshan V, Najafian S 2015. Essential Oil Content and Composition of Fennel Fruits (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), Russian Journal of Biological Research 4(2): 81-84.
- Niamah AK, Alali HA 2016. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils extracted from Iraqi coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 7(2): 1511-1515.
- Omidbaigi R, Hadjiakhoondi A, Saharkhiz M 2003. Changes in Content and Chemical Composition of Pimpinella anisum Oil at Various Harvest Time, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 6(1): 46-50.
- Orav A, Arak E, Ain R 2010. Essential Oil Composition of Coriandrum sativum L. Fruits from Different Countries, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plant 14(1): 118-123.
- Orhan IE, Senol FS, Ozturk N, Celik SA, Pulur A, Kan Y 2013. Phytochemical contents and enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) samples cultivated under organic and conventional agricultural conditions, Food Chemical Toxicology 59: 96-103.
- Özel A 2000. Harran Ovası Koşullarında Kıvırcık Nane (Mentha spicata L.)’de Farklı Biçim Zamanlarının Drog Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Kriterlerine Etkisi. Harran Üni. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 4(1-2): 45-56.
- Özkan F, Gürbüz B 2000. Tatlı Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) ’de Bitki Sıklığının Verim ve Verim Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 9: 1-2.
- Raal A, Orav A, Arak E 2012. Essential oil composition of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. fruits from pharmacies in different countries, Natural Product Research 26(13): 1173–1178.
- Rădulescu V, Popescu ÖL, Ilıeş DC 2010. Chemical Composition of The Volatile Oil from Different Plant Parts of Anethum graveolens L. (Umbelliferae) Cultivated in Romania, Farmacia 58(5): 594-600.
- Rana VR 2014. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Cuminum cyminum L. Seeds from Western India, Journal of Medicinal Plants and by-products 2: 207-210.
- Rebey IB, Rahalı FZ, Tounsı MS, Marzouk B, Ksourı R 2016. Variation in fatty acid and essential oil composition of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) seeds as affected by salinity, Journal of New Sciences, Agriculture and Biotechnology 6: 1233-1240.
- Saibi S, Belhadj M, Benyoussef EH 2013. Essential Oil Composition of Pimpinella anisum from Algeria, Analytical Chemistry Letters 2(6): 401-404.
- Shahat AA, Ibrahim AY, Hendawy SF, Omer EA, Hammouda FM, Abdel-Rahman FH, Saleh MA 2011. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils from Organically Cultivated Fennel Cultivars, Molecules 16: 1366-1377.
- Shojaii A, Fard MA 2012. Review of Pharmacological Properties and Chemical Constituents of Pimpinella anisum, International Scholarly Research Pharmaceutics 2: 1-8.
- Singh A, Randhawa GS 1991. Effect of Cultural-Practices on Periodic Plant Height and Seed Yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy 36(4): 574-577.
- Stanojević LP, Stanković MZ, Cvetković DJ, Danilović BR, Stanojević JS 2016. Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seeds essential oil as a potential natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent, Bıologıca Nyssana 7(1): 31-39.
- Şanlı A, Karadoğan T, Daldal H 2012. Burdur’da Tarımı Yapılan Bazı Umbelliferae Türlerinin Uçucu Yağ Oranı ve Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi, S.D.Ü.Z.F. Dergisi 7(1): 27-31.
- Uyanık M 2013. Oğulotu (Melissa officinalis L.)’nda Ontogenetik, Morfogenetik ve Diurnal Varyabilitenin Ankara Koşullarında Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 55 sy.
- Uzun A, Kevseroğlu K, Yılmaz S 2011. Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi için Geliştirilen Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) Hatlarının Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Bakımından İncelenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üni. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 28(2): 1-8.
- Tian J, Ban X, Zeng H, Huang B, Wang Y 2011. In vitro and in vivo activity of essential oil from dill (Anethum graveolens L.) against fungal spoilage of cherry tomatoes, Food Control 22 (11): 1992-1999.
- Zheljazkov VD, Horgan T, Astatkie T, Schlegel V 2013a. Distillation Time Modifies Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), Journal of Oleo Science 62(9): 665-672.
- Zheljazkov VD, Astatkie T, O’Brocki B, Jeliazkova E 2013b. Essential Oil Composition and Yield of Anise from Different Distillation Times, Hortscience 48(11): 1393–1396.
Konya Ekolojik Şartlarında Kültüre Alınan Umbelliferae Familyasına ait Bazı Tohumların Uçucu Yağ ve Sabit Yağ Bileşenlerinin Kimyasal Kompozisyonları
Abstract
Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) yani maydanozgiller, özellikle dünyanın kuzey ılıman bölgelerinde yetişen ve 300 ile 400 civarında cinse sahip geniş bir familyadır. Familyadaki birçok bitki aromatik bitki sınıfına dahildir. Familyadaki özellikle baharat olarak kullanılan türler sırasıyla, rezene (Foeniculum vulgare), anason (Pimpinella anisum), dereotu (Anethum graveolens), kişniş (Coriandrum sativum), ve kimyon (Cuminum cyminum)dur. Bu çalışmada dereotu, rezene, anason, kimyon ve kişniş tohumlarında uçucu yağ ve sabit yağ bileşenleri belirlenmiştir. Konya ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen dereotu, rezene, anason, kimyon ve kişniş bitkilerinin meyvelerinde ana etken madde olan uçucu ve sabit yağ oranları ileuçucu ve sabit yağ bileşenlerine bakılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre uçucu yağ ve sabit yağ oranları sırasıyla, dereotunda % 3.5 ve % 5.06, anasonda % 2.25 ve % 22.07, rezene de %2.70 ve % 7.35, kimyonda % 1.90 ve % 11.26, kişnişte ise % 0.95 ve % 18.48 olarak belirlenmiştir. Dereotu, rezene, anason, kimyon ve kişniş tohum uçucu yağlarının ana bileşenleri sırasıyla karvon (% 45.221), trans-anetol (% 86.898), (Z-) anetol (% 92.478), kumin aldehit (% 42.900) ve linalol(% 87.238)’dür. Sabit yağlarda da ana bileşen C18:1 (oleik asit) olarak belirlenmiştir.
References
- Akgül A 1986. Dereotu, Havuç, Kereviz ve Maydanoz Tohum Uçucu Yağlarının Analitik Kriterleri Üzerine Araştırma, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17(1-4): 25-30.
- Anwar F, Sulman M, Hussain AI, Saari N, Iqbal S, Rashid U 2011. Physicochemical composition of hydro-distilled essential oil from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds cultivated in Pakistan, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(15): 3537-3544.
- AOAC Official Method 994.12, Amino Acids in Feeds. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC Int. 18th Ed, 2005, Rev. 4. 2011, Chapter 4, pp 9–19.
- Ayhan H, Özel A 2017. Harran Ovası Koşullarında Dereotu (Anethum graveolens L.)’nda Uygun Hasat Zamanının Belirlenmesi, Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 21(4): 466-479.
- Bhuiyan MDNİ, Begum J, Sultana M 2009. Chemical composition of leaf and seed essential oil of Coriandrum sativum L. from Bangladesh, Bangladesh J Pharmacol 4: 150-153.
- Bowes KM, Zheljazkov VD 2005. Essential Oil Yields and Quality of Fennel Grown in Nova Scotia, Hortscience 39(7): 1640-1643.
- Charles DJ, Simon JE, Widrlechner MP 1995. Characterization of Essential Oil of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.), Journal of Essential Oil Research 7(1): 11-20.
- European Pharmacopoeia 7th Edition 2011. Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France.
- Gohari AR, Saeidnia S 2011. A Review on Phytochemistry of Cuminum cyminum seeds and its Standards from Field to Market, Pharmacognosy Journal 3(25): 1-5.
- Gotmare SR, Tambe EA 2018. Chemical Characterization of Cumin Seed Oil (Cuminum cyminum) by GC-MS and its Comparative Study, International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences 5(3): 36-45.
- Gökduman GA, Telci İ 2018. Bazı Kişniş (Coriandrum sativum L.) Genotiplerinin Isparta Koşullarında Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 22(3): 1165-1168.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C 2004. PDR for Herbal Medicines, 3rd Ed. Montvale, NJ: Thomson Healthcare, Londra. 700 sy.
- Hah SA, Ea Ö 2016. Essential Oil Content and Chemical Composition of Eight Dill (Anethum Graveolens L.) Cultivars Cultivated under Egyptian Conditions, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8(5): 227-231.
- Haşimi N, Tolan V, Kızıl S, Kılınç E 2014. Anason (Pimpinella anisum L.) ve Kimyon (Cuminum cyminum L.) Tohumlarının Uçucu Yağ Kompozisyonu ile Antimikrobiyal ve Antioksidan Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Tar. Bil. Der 20: 19-26.
- Hajyzadeh M, Yıldırım MU, Karagöz İ, Sarıhan EO, Khawar KM 2017. Farklı Yaşlardaki Anason (Pimpinella anisum L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenmesine Gibberellik Asitin (GA3) Etkisi, KSÜ Doğa Bil. Dergisi (Özel Sayı) 20: 332-336.
- Kaçar O, Özkan N 2005. Çeşitli İklim Faktörlerinin, Farklı Gelişme Dönemlerinin ve Gün İçerisindeki Farklı Toplama Saatlerinin Sarı Kantaron (Hypericum perforatum L.)’da Hiperisin Oranı Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi, Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Dergisi 42(2): 23-34.
- Kan Y, Kartal M, Özek T, Aslan S, Başer KHC 2007. Composition of Essential Oil of Cuminum Cyminum L. According to Harvesting Times, Turkish J. Pharm. Sci. 4(1): 25-29.
- Keskin S, Baydar H 2016. Umbelliferae Familyasından Bazı Önemli Kültür Türlerinin Isparta Ekolojik Koşullarında Tarımsal ve Teknolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, S.D.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 20(1): 133-141.
- Negahban M, Saeedfar S, Rowshan V, Najafian S 2015. Essential Oil Content and Composition of Fennel Fruits (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), Russian Journal of Biological Research 4(2): 81-84.
- Niamah AK, Alali HA 2016. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils extracted from Iraqi coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 7(2): 1511-1515.
- Omidbaigi R, Hadjiakhoondi A, Saharkhiz M 2003. Changes in Content and Chemical Composition of Pimpinella anisum Oil at Various Harvest Time, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 6(1): 46-50.
- Orav A, Arak E, Ain R 2010. Essential Oil Composition of Coriandrum sativum L. Fruits from Different Countries, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plant 14(1): 118-123.
- Orhan IE, Senol FS, Ozturk N, Celik SA, Pulur A, Kan Y 2013. Phytochemical contents and enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) samples cultivated under organic and conventional agricultural conditions, Food Chemical Toxicology 59: 96-103.
- Özel A 2000. Harran Ovası Koşullarında Kıvırcık Nane (Mentha spicata L.)’de Farklı Biçim Zamanlarının Drog Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Kriterlerine Etkisi. Harran Üni. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 4(1-2): 45-56.
- Özkan F, Gürbüz B 2000. Tatlı Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) ’de Bitki Sıklığının Verim ve Verim Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 9: 1-2.
- Raal A, Orav A, Arak E 2012. Essential oil composition of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. fruits from pharmacies in different countries, Natural Product Research 26(13): 1173–1178.
- Rădulescu V, Popescu ÖL, Ilıeş DC 2010. Chemical Composition of The Volatile Oil from Different Plant Parts of Anethum graveolens L. (Umbelliferae) Cultivated in Romania, Farmacia 58(5): 594-600.
- Rana VR 2014. Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Cuminum cyminum L. Seeds from Western India, Journal of Medicinal Plants and by-products 2: 207-210.
- Rebey IB, Rahalı FZ, Tounsı MS, Marzouk B, Ksourı R 2016. Variation in fatty acid and essential oil composition of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) seeds as affected by salinity, Journal of New Sciences, Agriculture and Biotechnology 6: 1233-1240.
- Saibi S, Belhadj M, Benyoussef EH 2013. Essential Oil Composition of Pimpinella anisum from Algeria, Analytical Chemistry Letters 2(6): 401-404.
- Shahat AA, Ibrahim AY, Hendawy SF, Omer EA, Hammouda FM, Abdel-Rahman FH, Saleh MA 2011. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils from Organically Cultivated Fennel Cultivars, Molecules 16: 1366-1377.
- Shojaii A, Fard MA 2012. Review of Pharmacological Properties and Chemical Constituents of Pimpinella anisum, International Scholarly Research Pharmaceutics 2: 1-8.
- Singh A, Randhawa GS 1991. Effect of Cultural-Practices on Periodic Plant Height and Seed Yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy 36(4): 574-577.
- Stanojević LP, Stanković MZ, Cvetković DJ, Danilović BR, Stanojević JS 2016. Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seeds essential oil as a potential natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent, Bıologıca Nyssana 7(1): 31-39.
- Şanlı A, Karadoğan T, Daldal H 2012. Burdur’da Tarımı Yapılan Bazı Umbelliferae Türlerinin Uçucu Yağ Oranı ve Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi, S.D.Ü.Z.F. Dergisi 7(1): 27-31.
- Uyanık M 2013. Oğulotu (Melissa officinalis L.)’nda Ontogenetik, Morfogenetik ve Diurnal Varyabilitenin Ankara Koşullarında Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 55 sy.
- Uzun A, Kevseroğlu K, Yılmaz S 2011. Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi için Geliştirilen Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) Hatlarının Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Bakımından İncelenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üni. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 28(2): 1-8.
- Tian J, Ban X, Zeng H, Huang B, Wang Y 2011. In vitro and in vivo activity of essential oil from dill (Anethum graveolens L.) against fungal spoilage of cherry tomatoes, Food Control 22 (11): 1992-1999.
- Zheljazkov VD, Horgan T, Astatkie T, Schlegel V 2013a. Distillation Time Modifies Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), Journal of Oleo Science 62(9): 665-672.
- Zheljazkov VD, Astatkie T, O’Brocki B, Jeliazkova E 2013b. Essential Oil Composition and Yield of Anise from Different Distillation Times, Hortscience 48(11): 1393–1396.
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 31, 2020 |
| Submission Date | December 10, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | May 8, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020Volume: 23 Issue: 4 |
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