Research Article
Year 2020,
Volume: 23 Issue: 6, 1489 - 1494, 31.12.2020
Abstract
Astaksantin (ASX), çeşitli mikroorganizmalarda ve deniz hayvanlarında bulunan kırmızı renkli bir ksantofil karotenoididir. ASX, mevcut karotenoidler arasında en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğundan "süper antioksidan" olarak da adlandırılmaktadır. ASX’in antioksidan özelliğinin yanında, antimikrobiyal, immünomodülatör, hepatoprotektif, antikanser ve antidiyabetik özellikleri de yapılan çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, ASX'in kanser hücreleri üzerindeki seçici sitotoksik etkilerini inceleyen çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ASX'in yaygın kanser türlerini temsil eden hücreler üzerindeki sitotoksik etkilerini belirlemektir. Bunun için insan meme (MCF-7), akciğer (A549), karaciğer (HepG2), melanoma (VMM917), kolon (WiDr) kanseri ve normal fibroblast hücreleri 72 saat boyunca farklı konsantrasyonlarda ASX ile muamele edildi ve ardından MTT protokolü uygulandı. Cisplatin sitotoksisite deneylerinde pozitif kontrol olarak kullanıldı. Sonuçlar, ASX'in incelenen tüm kanser hücre hatları üzerinde doza bağımlı bir sitotoksik etkiye sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Bununla birlikte, fibroblast hücreleri ile kıyaslandığından ASX'in en güçlü seçici sitotoksik etkisinin A549 ve WiDr hücrelerinde olduğu belirlendi. Bu çalışma ASX'in seçici sitotoksik etkisinin, özellikle akciğer ve kolon kanseri açısından daha kapsamlı şekilde araştırılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.
Keywords
References
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- Ambati RR, Phang SM, Ravi S, Aswathanarayana RG, 2014. Astaxanthin: Sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications-A review. Mar Drugs, 12: 128-152.
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- Chen YT, Kao CJ, Huang HY, Huang SY, Chen CY, Lin YS, Wenf ZH, Wang HMD 2017. Astaxanthin reduces MMP expressions, suppresses cancer cell migrations, and triggers apoptotic caspases of in vitro and in vivo models in melanoma. J Funct Foods, 31: 20-31.
- Demir S, Turan I, Aliyazicioglu Y 2018a. Cytotoxic effect of Rhododendron luteum leaf extract on human cancer cell lines. KSU J Agric Nat, 21(6): 950-956.
- Demir S, Turan I, Aliyazicioglu R, Ozer Yaman S, Aliyazicioglu Y 2018b. Primula vulgaris extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cervix cancer cells. J Pharm Anal, 8(5): 307-311.
- Demir S, Turan I, Aliyazicioglu Y 2019a. Antioxidant properties of Primula vulgaris flower extract and its cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines. KSU J Agric Nat, 22(1): 78-84.
- Demir S, Turan I, Misir S, Aliyazicioglu Y 2019b. Selective cytotoxic effect of Dorycnium pentaphyllum extract on human breast, liver, and lung cancer cells. KSU J Agric Nat, 22(3): 473-479.
- Demir S, Ozer Yaman S, Sener SO, Ayazoglu Demir E, Aliyazicioglu R, Ozgen U, Mentese A, Deger O, Aliyazicioglu Y 2020. Dorycnium pentaphyllum extract has antiproliferative effect on human cervix and colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer, 72(3): 504-512.
- Ekpe L, Inaku K, Ekpe V 2018. Antioxidant effects of astaxanthin in various diseases-a review. J Mol Pathophysiol, 7(1): 1-6.
- Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Dargahi L, Jorjani M 2018. Astaxanthin: A mechanistic review on its biological activities and health benefits. Pharmacol Res, 136: 1-20.
- Guerin M, Huntley ME, Olaizola M 2003. Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition. Trends Biotechnol, 21(5): 210-216.
- Hormozi M, Ghoreishi S, Baharvand P 2019. Astaxanthin induces apoptosis and increases activity of antioxidant enzymes in LS-180 cells. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 47(1): 891-895.
- Jyonouchi H, Sun S, Iijima K, Gross MD 2000. Antitumor activity of astaxanthin and its mode of action. Nutr Cancer, 36(1): 59-65.
- Kavitha K, Kowshik J, Kishore TK, Baba AB, Nagini S 2013. Astaxanthin inhibits NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways via inactivation of Erk/MAPK and PI3K/Akt to induce intrinsic apoptosis in a hamster model of oral cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1830(10): 4433-4444.
- Kim JH, Park JJ, Lee BJ, Joo MK, Chun HJ, Lee SW, Bak YT 2016. Astaxanthin inhibits proliferation of human gastric cancer cell lines by interrupting cell cycle progression. Gut and Liver, 10(3): 369-374.
- Kowshik J, Nivetha R, Ranjani S, Venkatesan P, Selvamuthukumar S, Veeravarmal V, Nagini S 2019. Astaxanthin inhibits hallmarks of cancer by targeting the PI3K/NF-κΒ/STAT3 signalling axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma models. IUBMB Life, 71(10): 1595-1610.
- Li J, Dai W, Xia Y, Chen K, Li S, Liu T, Zhang R, Wang J, Lu W, Zhou Y, Yin Q, Abudumijiti H, Chen R, Zheng Y, Wang F, Lu J, Zhou Y, Guo C 2015. Astaxanthin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibition of NF-ΚB, p65 and Wnt/Β-catenin in vitro. Mar Drugs, 13: 6064-6081.
- Liao KS, Wei CL, Chen JC, Zheng HY, Chen WC, Wu CH, Wang TJ, Peng YS, Chang PY, Lin YW 2016. Astaxanthin enhances pemetrexed-induced cytotoxicity by downregulation of thymidylate synthase expression in human lung cancer cells. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 81: 353-361.
- Lim S, Lee JY, Jung WH, Lim EH, Joo MK, Lee BJ, Park JJ, Kim JS, Bak YT, Jung SW, Lee SW 2011. Anticancer effects of astaxanthin and α-tocopherol in esophageal cancer cell lines. Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res, 11(3): 170-175.
- Liu X, Song M, Gao Z, Cai X, Dixon W, Chen X, Cao Y, Xiao H 2016. Stereoisomers of astaxanthin inhibit human colon cancer cell growth by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. J Agric Food Chem, 64(41): 7750-7759.
- Mosmann T 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods, 65: 55-63.
- Nagendraprabhu P, Sudhandiran G 2011. Astaxanthin inhibits tumor invasion by decreasing extracellular matrix production and induces apoptosis in experimental rat colon carcinogenesis by modulating the expressions of ERK-2, NFkB and COX-2. Invest New Drugs, 29: 207-224.
- Nakao R, Nelson OL, Park JS, Mathison BD, Thompson PA, Chew BP 2010. Effect of dietary astaxanthin at different stages of mammary tumor initiation in BALB/c mice. Anticancer Res, 30(6): 2171-2175.
- Shanmugapriya K, Kim H, Kang HW 2019. In vitro antitumor potential of astaxanthin nanoemulsion against cancer cells via mitochondrial mediated apoptosis. Int J Pharm, 560: 334-346.
- Shao Y, Ni Y, Yang J, Lin X, Li J, Zhang L 2016. Astaxanthin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of mice H22 hepatoma cells. Med Sci Monit, 22: 2152-2160.
- Tanaka T, Morishita Y, Suzui M, Kojima T, Okumura A, Mori H 1994. Chemoprevention of mouse urinary bladder carcinogenesis by the naturally occurring carotenoid astaxanthin. Carcinogenesis, 15(1): 15-19.
- Turan I, Demir S, Kilinc K, Aliyazicioglu Y, Alver A, Misir S, Ozer Yaman S, Akbulut K, Mentese A, Deger O 2017. Morus rubra extract induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung and prostate cancer cells. IJPER, 51(1): 51-58.
- Turan I, Demir S, Kilinc K, Yaman SO, Misir S, Kara H, Genc B, Mentese A, Aliyazicioglu Y, Deger O 2018. Cytotoxic effect of Rosa canina extract on human colon cancer cells through repression of telomerase expression. J Pharm Anal, 8(6): 394-399.
- Turan I, Demir S, Aliyazicioglu R, Kilinc K, Ozer Yaman S, Akbulut Cakiroglu K, Kanbolat S, Ayazoglu Demir E, Mentese A, Aliyazicioglu Y, Deger O 2019. Dimethyl sulfoxide extract of Dianthus carmelitarum induces S phase arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer, 71(7): 1181-1188.
- Vijay K, Sowmya PR, Arathi BP, Lakshminarayana R 2016. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effect of hydroxy-, keto-, and epoxy-carotenoids in RAW 264.7 and HL-60 cells. J Food Chem Nanotechnol, 2(3): 153-161.
- Yan T, Li HY, Wu JS, Niu Q, Duan WH, Han QZ, Ji WM, Zhang T, Lv W 2017. Astaxanthin inhibits gemcitabine-resistant human pancreatic cancer progression through EMT inhibition and gemcitabine resensitization. Oncol Lett, 14(5): 5400-5408.
- Zhang L, Wang H 2015. Multiple mechanisms of anti-cancer effects exerted by astaxanthin. Mar Drugs, 13: 4310-4330.
Year 2020,
Volume: 23 Issue: 6, 1489 - 1494, 31.12.2020
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a red xanthophyll carotenoid found in various microorganisms and marine animals. ASX is also called the "super antioxidant" because it has the highest antioxidant activity among existing carotenoids. Studies have shown not only antioxidant properties but also antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer and antidiabetic properties of ASX. However, there is a limited number of studies examining the selective cytotoxic effects of ASX on cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of ASX on cells representing common cancer types. For this, human breast (MCF-7), lung (A549), liver (HepG2), melanoma (VMM917), colon (WiDr) cancer and normal fibroblast cells were treated with different concentrations of ASX for 72 h and then the MTT assay protocol was applied. Cisplatin was used as a positive control in cytotoxicity experiments. The results showed that ASX had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on all studied cancer cell lines. However, the strongest selective cytotoxic effect of ASX was determined in A549 and WiDr cells compared to fibroblast cells. This study shows that selective cytotoxic effect of ASX should be investigated more extensively, especially in terms of lung and colon cancer.
Keywords
References
- Aliyazicioglu Y, Demir S, Yaman SO, Sener SO, Demir EA, Aliyazicioglu R, Turan I 2019. Phytochemical analysis of Dorycnium pentaphyllum and its antiproliferative effect on cervix cancer cells. KSU J Agric Nat, 22(Suppl 2): 365-373.
- Ambati RR, Phang SM, Ravi S, Aswathanarayana RG, 2014. Astaxanthin: Sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications-A review. Mar Drugs, 12: 128-152.
- Anderson ML 2005. A preliminary investigation of the enzymatic inhibition of 5α-reductase and growth of prostatic carcinoma cell line LNCap-FGC by natural astaxanthin and saw palmetto lipid extract in vitro. J Herb Pharmacother, 5(1): 17-26.
- Brendler T, Williamson EM 2019. Astaxanthin: How much is too much? A safety reviews. Phytother Res, 33: 3090-3111.
- Chen YT, Kao CJ, Huang HY, Huang SY, Chen CY, Lin YS, Wenf ZH, Wang HMD 2017. Astaxanthin reduces MMP expressions, suppresses cancer cell migrations, and triggers apoptotic caspases of in vitro and in vivo models in melanoma. J Funct Foods, 31: 20-31.
- Demir S, Turan I, Aliyazicioglu Y 2018a. Cytotoxic effect of Rhododendron luteum leaf extract on human cancer cell lines. KSU J Agric Nat, 21(6): 950-956.
- Demir S, Turan I, Aliyazicioglu R, Ozer Yaman S, Aliyazicioglu Y 2018b. Primula vulgaris extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cervix cancer cells. J Pharm Anal, 8(5): 307-311.
- Demir S, Turan I, Aliyazicioglu Y 2019a. Antioxidant properties of Primula vulgaris flower extract and its cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines. KSU J Agric Nat, 22(1): 78-84.
- Demir S, Turan I, Misir S, Aliyazicioglu Y 2019b. Selective cytotoxic effect of Dorycnium pentaphyllum extract on human breast, liver, and lung cancer cells. KSU J Agric Nat, 22(3): 473-479.
- Demir S, Ozer Yaman S, Sener SO, Ayazoglu Demir E, Aliyazicioglu R, Ozgen U, Mentese A, Deger O, Aliyazicioglu Y 2020. Dorycnium pentaphyllum extract has antiproliferative effect on human cervix and colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer, 72(3): 504-512.
- Ekpe L, Inaku K, Ekpe V 2018. Antioxidant effects of astaxanthin in various diseases-a review. J Mol Pathophysiol, 7(1): 1-6.
- Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Dargahi L, Jorjani M 2018. Astaxanthin: A mechanistic review on its biological activities and health benefits. Pharmacol Res, 136: 1-20.
- Guerin M, Huntley ME, Olaizola M 2003. Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition. Trends Biotechnol, 21(5): 210-216.
- Hormozi M, Ghoreishi S, Baharvand P 2019. Astaxanthin induces apoptosis and increases activity of antioxidant enzymes in LS-180 cells. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 47(1): 891-895.
- Jyonouchi H, Sun S, Iijima K, Gross MD 2000. Antitumor activity of astaxanthin and its mode of action. Nutr Cancer, 36(1): 59-65.
- Kavitha K, Kowshik J, Kishore TK, Baba AB, Nagini S 2013. Astaxanthin inhibits NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways via inactivation of Erk/MAPK and PI3K/Akt to induce intrinsic apoptosis in a hamster model of oral cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1830(10): 4433-4444.
- Kim JH, Park JJ, Lee BJ, Joo MK, Chun HJ, Lee SW, Bak YT 2016. Astaxanthin inhibits proliferation of human gastric cancer cell lines by interrupting cell cycle progression. Gut and Liver, 10(3): 369-374.
- Kowshik J, Nivetha R, Ranjani S, Venkatesan P, Selvamuthukumar S, Veeravarmal V, Nagini S 2019. Astaxanthin inhibits hallmarks of cancer by targeting the PI3K/NF-κΒ/STAT3 signalling axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma models. IUBMB Life, 71(10): 1595-1610.
- Li J, Dai W, Xia Y, Chen K, Li S, Liu T, Zhang R, Wang J, Lu W, Zhou Y, Yin Q, Abudumijiti H, Chen R, Zheng Y, Wang F, Lu J, Zhou Y, Guo C 2015. Astaxanthin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibition of NF-ΚB, p65 and Wnt/Β-catenin in vitro. Mar Drugs, 13: 6064-6081.
- Liao KS, Wei CL, Chen JC, Zheng HY, Chen WC, Wu CH, Wang TJ, Peng YS, Chang PY, Lin YW 2016. Astaxanthin enhances pemetrexed-induced cytotoxicity by downregulation of thymidylate synthase expression in human lung cancer cells. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 81: 353-361.
- Lim S, Lee JY, Jung WH, Lim EH, Joo MK, Lee BJ, Park JJ, Kim JS, Bak YT, Jung SW, Lee SW 2011. Anticancer effects of astaxanthin and α-tocopherol in esophageal cancer cell lines. Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res, 11(3): 170-175.
- Liu X, Song M, Gao Z, Cai X, Dixon W, Chen X, Cao Y, Xiao H 2016. Stereoisomers of astaxanthin inhibit human colon cancer cell growth by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. J Agric Food Chem, 64(41): 7750-7759.
- Mosmann T 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods, 65: 55-63.
- Nagendraprabhu P, Sudhandiran G 2011. Astaxanthin inhibits tumor invasion by decreasing extracellular matrix production and induces apoptosis in experimental rat colon carcinogenesis by modulating the expressions of ERK-2, NFkB and COX-2. Invest New Drugs, 29: 207-224.
- Nakao R, Nelson OL, Park JS, Mathison BD, Thompson PA, Chew BP 2010. Effect of dietary astaxanthin at different stages of mammary tumor initiation in BALB/c mice. Anticancer Res, 30(6): 2171-2175.
- Shanmugapriya K, Kim H, Kang HW 2019. In vitro antitumor potential of astaxanthin nanoemulsion against cancer cells via mitochondrial mediated apoptosis. Int J Pharm, 560: 334-346.
- Shao Y, Ni Y, Yang J, Lin X, Li J, Zhang L 2016. Astaxanthin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of mice H22 hepatoma cells. Med Sci Monit, 22: 2152-2160.
- Tanaka T, Morishita Y, Suzui M, Kojima T, Okumura A, Mori H 1994. Chemoprevention of mouse urinary bladder carcinogenesis by the naturally occurring carotenoid astaxanthin. Carcinogenesis, 15(1): 15-19.
- Turan I, Demir S, Kilinc K, Aliyazicioglu Y, Alver A, Misir S, Ozer Yaman S, Akbulut K, Mentese A, Deger O 2017. Morus rubra extract induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung and prostate cancer cells. IJPER, 51(1): 51-58.
- Turan I, Demir S, Kilinc K, Yaman SO, Misir S, Kara H, Genc B, Mentese A, Aliyazicioglu Y, Deger O 2018. Cytotoxic effect of Rosa canina extract on human colon cancer cells through repression of telomerase expression. J Pharm Anal, 8(6): 394-399.
- Turan I, Demir S, Aliyazicioglu R, Kilinc K, Ozer Yaman S, Akbulut Cakiroglu K, Kanbolat S, Ayazoglu Demir E, Mentese A, Aliyazicioglu Y, Deger O 2019. Dimethyl sulfoxide extract of Dianthus carmelitarum induces S phase arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer, 71(7): 1181-1188.
- Vijay K, Sowmya PR, Arathi BP, Lakshminarayana R 2016. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effect of hydroxy-, keto-, and epoxy-carotenoids in RAW 264.7 and HL-60 cells. J Food Chem Nanotechnol, 2(3): 153-161.
- Yan T, Li HY, Wu JS, Niu Q, Duan WH, Han QZ, Ji WM, Zhang T, Lv W 2017. Astaxanthin inhibits gemcitabine-resistant human pancreatic cancer progression through EMT inhibition and gemcitabine resensitization. Oncol Lett, 14(5): 5400-5408.
- Zhang L, Wang H 2015. Multiple mechanisms of anti-cancer effects exerted by astaxanthin. Mar Drugs, 13: 4310-4330.
There are 34 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Structural Biology |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2020 |
| Submission Date | April 1, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | May 14, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020Volume: 23 Issue: 6 |
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