Research Article
Response of Germination and Seedling Development of Cotton to Salinity under Optimal and Suboptimal Temperatures
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of salinity stresses (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM of NaCl) on germination and early seedling growth of six cotton varieties (Lydia, Carisma, Flash, BA151, BA525 and ST468) under optimum (25°C) and low temperature (18°C) conditions. Germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, germination stress tolerance index, seedling length, vigor index, seedling fresh and dry weight of cotton varieties were investigated. Results showed that low temperature led to decreasing in germination and seedling growth, and caused retardation of mean germination time. Under suboptimal temperature, germination percentage reduced from 86.3% to 77.8% and seedling length decreased from 12.02 cm to 5.36 cm. Each increase in salinity levels higher than 50 mM resulted in decreasing in germination and seedling growth parameters of cotton varieties. No seedling growth was observed at 250 mM of NaCl at 18°C. Cotton varieties showed different tolerance levels to salinity, while they could tolerate it up to 100 mM. It was concluded that Flash and ST468 varieties exhibited better performance under salinity stresses both at optimal and suboptimal temperatures.
Keywords
References
- Abbaszadeh F, Rameeh V, Cherati A 2012. Salinity Stress Indices of Seed Yield and Nutrient Compositions in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). International Journal of Biology 4(1): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v4n1p154
- Anonymous, 2020. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/ ?kn=92&locale=tr
- Ahmad S, Ahmad R, Ashraf MY, Ashraf M, Waraich EA 2009. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Response to Drought Stress at Germination and Seedling Growth Stages. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41(2): 647-654.
- Ashraf M 2002. Salt Tolerance of Cotton: Some New Advances. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 21(1): 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735-260291044160
- Ashraf MY, Sarwar G, Ashraf M, Afaf R, Sattar A 2002. Salinity Induced Changes in a-amylase Activity During Germination and Early Cotton Seedling Growth. Biologia Plantarum 45(4): 589-591. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022338900818
- Barpete S, Oğuz MC, Ӧzcan SF, Anayol E, Ahmed HA, Khawar KM, Ӧzcan S 2015. Effect of Temperature on Germination, Seed Vigor Index and Seedling Growth of Five Turkish Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cultivars. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 24: 2561-2566.
- Bauer PJ, Bradow JM 1996. Cotton genotype response to early-season cold temperatures. Crop Science 36(6): 1602-1606. https://doi.org/10.2135/ cropsci1996.0011183X003600060032x
- Çarpıcı EB, Çelik N, Bayram G 2009. Effects of Salt Stress on Germination of Some Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(19): 4918-4922.
- Çokkizgin H, Bölek Y 2015. Priming Treatments for Improvement of Germination and Emergence of Cotton Seeds at Low Temperature. Plant Breeding and Seed Science 71(1): 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1515/plass-2015-0027
- Day S, Kaya MD, Kolsarıcı Ö 2008. Effects of NaCl Levels on Germination of Some Confectionary Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(3): 230-236. (in Turkish).
- El Naim AM, Mohammed KE, Ibrahim EA, Suleiman NN 2012. Impact of Salinity on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Three Sorghum (Sorghum biolor L. Moench) Cultivars. Science and Technology 2(2): 16-20. http://doi.org/10.5923/j.scit.20120202.03
- Fowler JL 1986. Salinity and fruiting. (Cotton physiology. The Cotton Foundation, Memphis, TN) 107-111.
- Gossett DR., Millhollon EP, Lucas MC 1994. Antioxidant Response to NaCl Stress in Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Cultivars of Cotton. Crop Science 34: 706-714. https://doi.org/10.2135/ cropsci1994.0011183X003400030020x
- Hanif M, Noor E, Murtaza N, Qayyum A, Malik W 2008. Assessment of Variability for Salt Tolerance at Seedling Stage in Gossypium hirsutum L. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 6(1): 134.
- ISTA 2003. International Rules For Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
- Jackson MB 2012. New root formation in plants and cuttings (Vol. 20). (Springer Science & Business Media. Dordrecth, The Netherlands) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4358-2
- Javid A, Yasin M, Nabi G 2001. Effect of Seed Pre-Treatments on Germination and Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) Under Saline Conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4(9): 1108-1110.
- Kalefetoğlu T, Ekmekçi Y 2005. The Effects of Drought on Plants and Tolerance Mechanisms. Gazi University Journal of Science, 18(4): 723-740.
- Kan G, Zhang W, Yang W, Ma D, Zhang D, Hao D, Hu Z, Yu D 2015. Association Mapping of Soybean Seed Germination Under Salt Stress. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 290(6): 2147-2162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-015-1066-y
- Kandil AA, Sharief AE, Abido WAE, Ibrahim MM 2012. Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination and Seedling Characters of Some Forage Sorghum Cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences 4(7): 306.
- Karimi N, Soheilikhah Z, Ghasmpour HR, Zebarjadi A 2011. Effect of Salinity Stress on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes. Journal of Ecobiotechnology 3(10): 07-13.
- Kausar A, Ashraf MY, Ali I, Niaz M, Abbass Q 2012. Evaluation of Sorghum Varieties/Lines for Salt Tolerance Using Physiological Indices as Screening Tool. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44(1): 47-52.
- Khajeh-Hosseini M, Powell AA, Bingham IJ 2003. The Interaction Between Salinity Stress and Seed Vigour During Germination of Soybean Seeds. Seed Science and Technology 31(3): 715-725. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2003.31.3.20
- Khan AN, Qureshi RH, Ahmad N 1995. Selection of cotton cultivars for Salinity Tolerance at Seedling Stage. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 11(2): 153-159.
- Krzyzanowski FC, Delouche JC 2011. Germination of Cotton Seed in Relation to Temperature. Revista Brasileira de Sementes 33(3): 543-548. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31222011000300017
- Liu J, Guo WQ, Shi DC 2010. Seed Germination, Seedling Survival, and Physiological Response of Sunflowers Under Saline and Alkaline Conditions. Photosynthetica 48(2): 278-286. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/ s11099-010-0034-3
- Maas EV 1986. Salt Tolerance of Plants. Journal of Applied Agricultural Research 1(1): 12-25.
- Mert M 2017. Fiber Crops. (Nobel Akademic Press. 2nd Ed) 448 p. (in Turkish).
- Qadir M, Shams M 1997. Some Agronomic and physiological aspects of Salt Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 179: 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439- 037X.1997.tb00504.x
- Salehzade H, Shishvan MI, Ghiyasi M, Forouzin F, Siyahjani AA 2009. Effect of Seed Priming on Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Reseach Journal of Biological Sciences 4(5): 629-631.
- Sarkar MN, Hossain AZ, Begum S, Islam SN, Biswas SK, Tareq MZ 2019. Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 21(02): 1786-1793. https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.210219.218
- Shaheen HL, Shahbaz M, Ullah I, Iqbal MZ 2012. Morpho-physiological Responses of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to Salt Stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 14(6): 980-984.
- Varghese S, Patil KV, Gohil MD, Bhatt PH, Patil UG 1995. Response of G-COT-11 Levant Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) to Salinity at Germination Stage. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 65: 823-825.
- Vibhuti CS, Bargali K, Bargali SS 2015. Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties as Affected by Salt and Water Stress. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85(1): 102-108.
- Vulkan-Levy R, Ravina I, Mantell A, Frenkel H 1998. Effect of Water Supply and Salinity on Pima Cotton. Agricultural Water Management 37(2): 121-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(98)00042-0
- Wang JJ, Ye WW, Zhou DY, Lü YJ, Fan BX, Song LY 2007. Studies on Germination Characteristics of Different Salinity-Resistant Cotton Under Salt Stress. Cotton Science 4.
Year 2021,
Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 108 - 115, 28.02.2021
Abstract
Bu araştırma, farklı tuz dozlarının (50, 100, 150, 200 ve 250 mM NaCl) altı pamuk çeşidinin (Lydia, Carisma, Flash, BA151, BA525 ve ST468) optimum (25°C) ve düşük sıcaklıkta (18°C), çimlenme ve erken fide büyümesine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada pamuk çeşitlerinin çimlenme yüzdesi, ortalama çimlenme süresi, çimlenme indeksi, çimlenme stres tolerans indeksi, fide uzunluğu, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, düşük sıcaklığın çimlenme ve fide büyümesinde azalmalara yol açtığını ve ortalama çimlenme süresinin gecikmesine neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Düşük sıcaklıkta, çimlenme yüzdesinin % 86.3'ten % 77.8'e ve fide uzunluğunun 12.02 cm'den 5.36 cm'ye düştüğü belirlenmiştir. Tuz dozlarındaki 50 mM'den yüksek her artış, pamuk çeşitlerinin çimlenme ve fide gelişiminde azalmalara neden olmuştur. Ayrıca 18° C'de 250 mM tuz dozunda fide gelişimi gözlenmemiştir. Pamuk çeşitleri, tuzluluğa farklı tolerans seviyeleri gösterirken, pamuğun 100 mM'ye kadar tuzluluğu tolere edebildiği belirlenmiştir. Flash ve ST468 çeşitlerinin hem optimum hem de düşük sıcaklıklarda tuzluluk stresleri altında daha iyi performans gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
References
- Abbaszadeh F, Rameeh V, Cherati A 2012. Salinity Stress Indices of Seed Yield and Nutrient Compositions in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). International Journal of Biology 4(1): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v4n1p154
- Anonymous, 2020. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/ ?kn=92&locale=tr
- Ahmad S, Ahmad R, Ashraf MY, Ashraf M, Waraich EA 2009. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Response to Drought Stress at Germination and Seedling Growth Stages. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41(2): 647-654.
- Ashraf M 2002. Salt Tolerance of Cotton: Some New Advances. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 21(1): 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735-260291044160
- Ashraf MY, Sarwar G, Ashraf M, Afaf R, Sattar A 2002. Salinity Induced Changes in a-amylase Activity During Germination and Early Cotton Seedling Growth. Biologia Plantarum 45(4): 589-591. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022338900818
- Barpete S, Oğuz MC, Ӧzcan SF, Anayol E, Ahmed HA, Khawar KM, Ӧzcan S 2015. Effect of Temperature on Germination, Seed Vigor Index and Seedling Growth of Five Turkish Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cultivars. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 24: 2561-2566.
- Bauer PJ, Bradow JM 1996. Cotton genotype response to early-season cold temperatures. Crop Science 36(6): 1602-1606. https://doi.org/10.2135/ cropsci1996.0011183X003600060032x
- Çarpıcı EB, Çelik N, Bayram G 2009. Effects of Salt Stress on Germination of Some Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(19): 4918-4922.
- Çokkizgin H, Bölek Y 2015. Priming Treatments for Improvement of Germination and Emergence of Cotton Seeds at Low Temperature. Plant Breeding and Seed Science 71(1): 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1515/plass-2015-0027
- Day S, Kaya MD, Kolsarıcı Ö 2008. Effects of NaCl Levels on Germination of Some Confectionary Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(3): 230-236. (in Turkish).
- El Naim AM, Mohammed KE, Ibrahim EA, Suleiman NN 2012. Impact of Salinity on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Three Sorghum (Sorghum biolor L. Moench) Cultivars. Science and Technology 2(2): 16-20. http://doi.org/10.5923/j.scit.20120202.03
- Fowler JL 1986. Salinity and fruiting. (Cotton physiology. The Cotton Foundation, Memphis, TN) 107-111.
- Gossett DR., Millhollon EP, Lucas MC 1994. Antioxidant Response to NaCl Stress in Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Cultivars of Cotton. Crop Science 34: 706-714. https://doi.org/10.2135/ cropsci1994.0011183X003400030020x
- Hanif M, Noor E, Murtaza N, Qayyum A, Malik W 2008. Assessment of Variability for Salt Tolerance at Seedling Stage in Gossypium hirsutum L. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 6(1): 134.
- ISTA 2003. International Rules For Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
- Jackson MB 2012. New root formation in plants and cuttings (Vol. 20). (Springer Science & Business Media. Dordrecth, The Netherlands) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4358-2
- Javid A, Yasin M, Nabi G 2001. Effect of Seed Pre-Treatments on Germination and Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) Under Saline Conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4(9): 1108-1110.
- Kalefetoğlu T, Ekmekçi Y 2005. The Effects of Drought on Plants and Tolerance Mechanisms. Gazi University Journal of Science, 18(4): 723-740.
- Kan G, Zhang W, Yang W, Ma D, Zhang D, Hao D, Hu Z, Yu D 2015. Association Mapping of Soybean Seed Germination Under Salt Stress. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 290(6): 2147-2162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-015-1066-y
- Kandil AA, Sharief AE, Abido WAE, Ibrahim MM 2012. Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination and Seedling Characters of Some Forage Sorghum Cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences 4(7): 306.
- Karimi N, Soheilikhah Z, Ghasmpour HR, Zebarjadi A 2011. Effect of Salinity Stress on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Different Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes. Journal of Ecobiotechnology 3(10): 07-13.
- Kausar A, Ashraf MY, Ali I, Niaz M, Abbass Q 2012. Evaluation of Sorghum Varieties/Lines for Salt Tolerance Using Physiological Indices as Screening Tool. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44(1): 47-52.
- Khajeh-Hosseini M, Powell AA, Bingham IJ 2003. The Interaction Between Salinity Stress and Seed Vigour During Germination of Soybean Seeds. Seed Science and Technology 31(3): 715-725. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2003.31.3.20
- Khan AN, Qureshi RH, Ahmad N 1995. Selection of cotton cultivars for Salinity Tolerance at Seedling Stage. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 11(2): 153-159.
- Krzyzanowski FC, Delouche JC 2011. Germination of Cotton Seed in Relation to Temperature. Revista Brasileira de Sementes 33(3): 543-548. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31222011000300017
- Liu J, Guo WQ, Shi DC 2010. Seed Germination, Seedling Survival, and Physiological Response of Sunflowers Under Saline and Alkaline Conditions. Photosynthetica 48(2): 278-286. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/ s11099-010-0034-3
- Maas EV 1986. Salt Tolerance of Plants. Journal of Applied Agricultural Research 1(1): 12-25.
- Mert M 2017. Fiber Crops. (Nobel Akademic Press. 2nd Ed) 448 p. (in Turkish).
- Qadir M, Shams M 1997. Some Agronomic and physiological aspects of Salt Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 179: 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439- 037X.1997.tb00504.x
- Salehzade H, Shishvan MI, Ghiyasi M, Forouzin F, Siyahjani AA 2009. Effect of Seed Priming on Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Reseach Journal of Biological Sciences 4(5): 629-631.
- Sarkar MN, Hossain AZ, Begum S, Islam SN, Biswas SK, Tareq MZ 2019. Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 21(02): 1786-1793. https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.210219.218
- Shaheen HL, Shahbaz M, Ullah I, Iqbal MZ 2012. Morpho-physiological Responses of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to Salt Stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 14(6): 980-984.
- Varghese S, Patil KV, Gohil MD, Bhatt PH, Patil UG 1995. Response of G-COT-11 Levant Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) to Salinity at Germination Stage. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 65: 823-825.
- Vibhuti CS, Bargali K, Bargali SS 2015. Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties as Affected by Salt and Water Stress. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85(1): 102-108.
- Vulkan-Levy R, Ravina I, Mantell A, Frenkel H 1998. Effect of Water Supply and Salinity on Pima Cotton. Agricultural Water Management 37(2): 121-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(98)00042-0
- Wang JJ, Ye WW, Zhou DY, Lü YJ, Fan BX, Song LY 2007. Studies on Germination Characteristics of Different Salinity-Resistant Cotton Under Salt Stress. Cotton Science 4.
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 28, 2021 |
| Submission Date | April 28, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | July 4, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021Volume: 24 Issue: 1 |
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