Abstract
Bu çalışmada tek yıllık ve çok yıllık sarı ve turuncu çiçekli aynısafa bitkilerinde en yüksek drog çiçek verimi ve uçucu yağ oranını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Materyal olarak kullanılan tek ve çok yıllık sarı turuncu renkli Calendula officinalis L. tohumları Ege Üniversitesi Botanik bahçesinden temin edilmiştir. Deneme Ege Üniversitesi Ödemiş Meslek Yüksekokulu deneme tarlasında 1000 m2 alanda üç tekerrürlü olarak bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 28 Mart 2016 tarihinde kurulmuştur. Çiçekler tam çiçeklenme döneminde her 10 günde bir toplanmış ve her hasatta sarı ve turuncu çiçekler, tek yıllık ve çok yıllık olarak ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Hasat edilen çiçekler tartıldıktan sonra 30 oC’ de kurutma dolabında kurutulmuştur. Uçucu yağ içeriği su distilasyonu metoduna göre volümetrik olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek drog çiçek verimi çok yıllık Calendula türlerinden sağlanmış ve sarı renkliler için 7.54 kg da-1 iken, turuncu renklilerde 7.28 kg da-1 olmuştur. En yüksek uçucu yağ içeriği ise yine çok yıllıklardan sari renk çiçeklilerde % 0.051, turuncu renk çiçeklilerden ise % 0.020 olarak ölçülmüştür. Genel olarak uçucu yağ içeriklerinin çok yıllık bitkilerde tek yıllıklara göre, arı renklilerin ise turuncu renkliler göre daha yüksek verim sağladığı belirlenmiştir.
References
- Alves Paim, L.F.N., Fontana, M. Winckler, M. Grando, A.A. Muneron T.L., Roman Junior, W.O., 2010. Assessment of plant development, morphology and flavonoid content in different cultivation treatments of Calendula officinalis L., Asteraceae. Brazilian J. Pharmacog., 20: 974-980.
- Anonymus, 2020. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, 2. Bölge Müdürlüğü, Veri kontrol ve İstatistik Şube Müdürlüğü. Arora, D., Rani, A., Sharma, A., 2013. A review on phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Calendula, Pharmacognosy Reviews, 7 (14): 179- 187.
- Berimavandi, A.R., Hashemabadi, D., Ghaziani, M.V.F., Kaviani, B., 2011. Effects of plant density and sowing date on the growth, flowering and quantity of essential oil of Calendula officinalis L., Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(20): 5110-5115.
- Bielski, S. and Szwejkowska, B., 2013. Effect of fertilization on the development and yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), Herba Polonica, 59 (2): 5-12.
- Caliskan, O. and Kurt, D., 2018. Flower yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants as effected by flowering ducontentns and number of harvests, Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 6(6): 159-161
- Gazim, Z.C., Rezende, C.M., Fraga, S.R., Filho, B.P.D., Nakamura, C.V., Cortez, D.A.G., 2008. Analysis of the essential oils from Calendula officinalis growing in Brazil using three different extraction procedures, Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 44 (3): 391- 395.
- Jan, N., Andrabi, K. I., John, R., 2017. Calendula officinalis - An Important Medicinal Plant with Potential Biological Properties, Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad 83 (4): 769-787.
- Khalid, K.A. and Silva, J.A.T., 2012. Biology of Calendula officinalis Linn.: Focus on Pharmacology, Biological Activities and Agronomic Practices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 6 (1): 12-27.
- Khodadadi, A., Sharafzadeh, S., Zakerin, A., 2013. Growth, Flowering, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Calendula officinalis L. as Affected by Vermicompost, Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 8(2): 27-30.
- Miliauskas G., Venskutonis, P.R., Van Beek T.A., 2004. Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chem., 85 (2): 231- 237.
- Mohammad, S. M. and Kashani, H.H., 2012. Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) medicinal usage and cultivation, Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 7(14): 1468-1472.
- Muley, B.P., Khadabadi, S.S., Banarase, N.B., 2009. Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): A Review, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8 (5): 455-465.
- Naguib M.Y., Khalil M.Y., El-Sherbeny S.E., 2005. A comparative study on the productivity and chemical constituents of various sources and species of calendula plants as affected by two foliar fertilizers. Journal of Appied Sciences Research 1(2): 176-189.
- Okoh, O.O, Sadimenko, A.A, Afolyan, A.J., 2007. The Effects of Age on the Yield and Composition of the Essential Oils of Calendula officinalis, Journal of Applied Sciences 7(23): 3806- 3810.
- Okoh, O.O. Sadimenko, A.A. Asekun, O.T. Afolayan, A.J. 2008. The effects of drying on the chemical components of essential oils of Calendula officinalis L. African Journal Biotech., 7: 1500-1502.
- Ourabia I., Djebbar, R., Tata, S., Sabaou, N., Djebbar, D. F., 2019. Determination of Essential Oil Composition, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Cultivated In Algeria, Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 11(2): 93- 110.
- Rezaei R, Valadabadi SA, Shiranirad AH, Sayfzadeh S, Hadidimasouleh E 2018. The effects of application of biological fertilizers and different amounts of urea fertilizer sources under low water stress conditions on physiological traits of medicinal plant (Calendula officinalis L.). Applied Ecology And Environmental Research 16 (4) : 4813-4827.
- Wichtl, 1971, Die pharmakogostich-Chemisehe Analys Band, 12, Franfurt/M.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the highest dry flower yield and essential oil content of yellow and orange flowered annual and perennial marigold plants. Annual and perennial Calendula officinalis L. plant seeds with yellow and orange flower obtained from Research and Application Center of Botanical Garden and Herbarium, Ege University were used as a study material. The experiment was established to the 1000 m2 area of Ege University Odemis Vocational School field according to split-split plot parcel design with three replications on 28th of March 2016. Flowers were harvested when the plants in full blossom stage, every ten days. Annual yellow and orange flowers and perennial yellow and orange flowers were evaluated separately for each harvest. Totally seven harvest were done. All fresh flowers were weighed after then dried in a drying cabinet at 30 oC and essential oil contents were obtained by hydro distillation method. The highest dry flower yields for perennial plants were provided for yellow flowered plants; at 7.54 kg da-1 and for orange flowered plants; 7.28 kg da-1. The highest essential oil contents in perennial were determined for yellow flowered plants as 0.051%, and orange flowered plants; 0.020%. In general, it can be said that content of essential oil is higher in perennial plants than single years.
References
- Alves Paim, L.F.N., Fontana, M. Winckler, M. Grando, A.A. Muneron T.L., Roman Junior, W.O., 2010. Assessment of plant development, morphology and flavonoid content in different cultivation treatments of Calendula officinalis L., Asteraceae. Brazilian J. Pharmacog., 20: 974-980.
- Anonymus, 2020. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, 2. Bölge Müdürlüğü, Veri kontrol ve İstatistik Şube Müdürlüğü. Arora, D., Rani, A., Sharma, A., 2013. A review on phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Calendula, Pharmacognosy Reviews, 7 (14): 179- 187.
- Berimavandi, A.R., Hashemabadi, D., Ghaziani, M.V.F., Kaviani, B., 2011. Effects of plant density and sowing date on the growth, flowering and quantity of essential oil of Calendula officinalis L., Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(20): 5110-5115.
- Bielski, S. and Szwejkowska, B., 2013. Effect of fertilization on the development and yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), Herba Polonica, 59 (2): 5-12.
- Caliskan, O. and Kurt, D., 2018. Flower yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants as effected by flowering ducontentns and number of harvests, Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 6(6): 159-161
- Gazim, Z.C., Rezende, C.M., Fraga, S.R., Filho, B.P.D., Nakamura, C.V., Cortez, D.A.G., 2008. Analysis of the essential oils from Calendula officinalis growing in Brazil using three different extraction procedures, Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 44 (3): 391- 395.
- Jan, N., Andrabi, K. I., John, R., 2017. Calendula officinalis - An Important Medicinal Plant with Potential Biological Properties, Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad 83 (4): 769-787.
- Khalid, K.A. and Silva, J.A.T., 2012. Biology of Calendula officinalis Linn.: Focus on Pharmacology, Biological Activities and Agronomic Practices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 6 (1): 12-27.
- Khodadadi, A., Sharafzadeh, S., Zakerin, A., 2013. Growth, Flowering, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Calendula officinalis L. as Affected by Vermicompost, Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 8(2): 27-30.
- Miliauskas G., Venskutonis, P.R., Van Beek T.A., 2004. Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chem., 85 (2): 231- 237.
- Mohammad, S. M. and Kashani, H.H., 2012. Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) medicinal usage and cultivation, Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 7(14): 1468-1472.
- Muley, B.P., Khadabadi, S.S., Banarase, N.B., 2009. Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): A Review, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8 (5): 455-465.
- Naguib M.Y., Khalil M.Y., El-Sherbeny S.E., 2005. A comparative study on the productivity and chemical constituents of various sources and species of calendula plants as affected by two foliar fertilizers. Journal of Appied Sciences Research 1(2): 176-189.
- Okoh, O.O, Sadimenko, A.A, Afolyan, A.J., 2007. The Effects of Age on the Yield and Composition of the Essential Oils of Calendula officinalis, Journal of Applied Sciences 7(23): 3806- 3810.
- Okoh, O.O. Sadimenko, A.A. Asekun, O.T. Afolayan, A.J. 2008. The effects of drying on the chemical components of essential oils of Calendula officinalis L. African Journal Biotech., 7: 1500-1502.
- Ourabia I., Djebbar, R., Tata, S., Sabaou, N., Djebbar, D. F., 2019. Determination of Essential Oil Composition, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Cultivated In Algeria, Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 11(2): 93- 110.
- Rezaei R, Valadabadi SA, Shiranirad AH, Sayfzadeh S, Hadidimasouleh E 2018. The effects of application of biological fertilizers and different amounts of urea fertilizer sources under low water stress conditions on physiological traits of medicinal plant (Calendula officinalis L.). Applied Ecology And Environmental Research 16 (4) : 4813-4827.
- Wichtl, 1971, Die pharmakogostich-Chemisehe Analys Band, 12, Franfurt/M.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2021 |
| Submission Date | May 30, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | October 2, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021Volume: 24 Issue: 3 |
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