Research Article
Lactobacillus Buchneri Aşılaması ve Taze Peynir Altı Suyu İlavesinin Yonca Silajı Kalitesi ile Fermantasyon Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, farklı seviyelerde taze peynir altı suyu ve Lactobacillus buchneri aşılamasının yonca silajının besin özellikleri ve aerobik stabilite üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneme, 90 gün boyunca 8 muamele ve 3 tekerrür ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede şu gruplar oluşturulmuştur: Pörsütülmüş yonca (kontrol), Pörsütülmüş yonca + bakteri aşılaması (AB), Pörsütülmüş yonca +30 g taze peynir altı suyu / kg (SYP), Pörsütülmüş yonca + 30 g taze peynir altı suyu + bakteri aşılaması (SYP1B), Pörsütülmüş yonca + 60 g/kg taze peynir altı suyu (SYP2), Pörsütülmüş yonca + 60 g/kg peynir altı suyu + bakteri aşılaması (SYP2B), Pörsütülmüş yonca + 90 g/kg peynir altı suyu (SYP3) ve Pörsütülmüş yonca + 90 g taze peynir altı suyu + bakteri aşılaması (SYP3B). Araştırma sonunda, muamelelerin pH değerlerinin 4.86'nın altında olduğu, ancak kontrol pH'ının diğer uygulamalara kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Yoncaya taze peynir altı suyu ve bakteri kültürü eklenmesinin, toplam yağ asitlerinin ortadan kaldırılmasında önemli bir artışa yol açtığı görülmüştür (P<0.05). Tüm muamelelerde kontrol grubuna göre nötr deterjan lif (NDF) ve asit deterjan lif (ADF) bakımından önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. Erozyona karşı en az direnç solmuş yonca + bakteri aşılaması ile; en yüksek miktar ise solmuş yonca + 60 g peynir altı suyu olan grupta saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Araştırma sonucunda, mayalanabilir karbonhidratlarla taze peynir altı suyu ve bakteri aşılamasının, pH'ların hızlı bir şekilde azalmasına, mayaların çoğalmasına, artan aerobik stabilitenin ve silaj kalitesinin artmasına neden olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
References
- Adesogan AT, Krueger N, Salawu MB, Dean DB, Staples CR 2004. The influence of treatment with dual purpose bacterial inoculants or soluble carbohydrates on the fermentation and aerobic stability of bermuda grass. Journal of Dairy Science 87: 3407-3416.
- Asadi al-Mutati A, Alikhani M, Ghorbani GH, Sami AH 2004. Effect of different additives on the quality of millet silage fermentation under laboratory conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 3: 149-161.
- Baytok E, Aksu T, Karsli MA, Muruz H 2005. The effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculant as silage additives on corn silage composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 29: 469-474.
- Besharati M, Palangi V, Niazifar M, Nemati Z 2020a. Comparison study of flaxseed, cinnamon and lemon seed essential oils additives on quality and fermentation characteristics of lucerne silage. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 115(2): 455-462.
- Besharati M, Palangi V, Moaddab M, Nemati Z, Pliego A B, Salem A Z 2020b. Influence of cinnamon essential oil and monensin on ruminal biogas kinetics of waste pomegranate seeds as a biofriendly agriculture environment. Waste and Biomass Valorization, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12649-020-01167-2
- Besharatı M, Karımı M, Taghi̇zadeh A, Nemati Z, Kaygısız A 2020c. Improve quality of alfalfa silage ensiled with orange pulp and bacterial additive. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 23(6): 1669-1677. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.673623
- Calabro PS, Fazzino F, Sidari R, Zema DA 2020. Optimization of orange peel waste ensiling for sustainable anaerobic digestion. Renewable Energy 154: 849-862.
- Curtis JL 1996. Effect of variety on the forage yield, ensiling characteristics, and nutritive value of alfalfa, and effects of cutting, stage of maturity and silage additives on the preservation and nutritive value of alfalfa silage. A dissertation. Kansas State University. Department of Animal Science and Industry Collage of Agriculture.
- Daniels LB, Smith LJ, Stallcup OT, Rakesa JM 1983. Nutritive value of ensiled broiler litter for cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 8 (1): 19-24.
- De Lurdes M, Dapkeviius E, Batista I, Nout MJR, Rombouts FM, Houben JH 1998. Lipid and protein changes during the ensilage of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou Risso) by acid and biological methods. Food Chemistry 63: 97-102.
- Driehuis F, Oude Elferink S, Van Wikselaar PG 2001. Fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of grass silage inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri, with or without homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Grass and Forage Science 56: 330-343.
- Filya I 2003. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri and lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of low dry matter corn and sorghum silages. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 3575-3581.
- Filya I, Muck RE, Contreras-Govea FE 2007. Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: fermentation products and nutritive value. Journal of Dairy Science 90: 5108-5114.
- Gordon FJ, Dawson LER, Ferris CP, Steen RWJ, Kilpatrick DJ 1999. The influence of wilting and forage additive type on the energy utilization of grass silage by growing cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 79: 15-27.
- Hashemzadeh-Cigari F, Khorvash M, Ghorbani GR, Ghasemi E, Taghizadeh A, Kargar S, Yang WZ 2014. Interactive effects of molasses by homofermentative and heterofermentative inoculants on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractionation, nutritive value and aerobic stability of wilted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 98: 290-299.
- Hashemzadeh-Cigari F, Khorvash M, Ghorbani GR, Taghizadeh A 2011. The effects of wilting, molasses and inoculants on the fermentation quality and nutritive value of lucerne silage. South African Society Animal Science 41: 377-388.
- He L, Wang CH, Xing Y, Zhou W, Pian R, Chen X, Zhang Q 2020. Ensiling characteristics, proteolysis and bacterial community of high moisture corn stalk and stylo silage prepared with Bauhinia variegate flower. Bioresource Technology 296: 122336.
- Jiang D, Li B, Zheng M, Niu D, Zuo S, Xu CH 2020. Effects of pediococcus pentosaceus on fermentation, aerobic stability and microbial communities during ensiling and aerobic spoilage of total mixed ration silage containing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Grassland Science 66: 215-224. . https://doi.org/ 10.1111/grs.12272
- Kautz WP 1998. Advances in inoculants silage.Technical services, Milwaukee.
- Kizilsimsek M, Schmidt RJ, Kung Jr L 2007. Effects of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria applied as a freeze-dried or fresh culture on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science 90: 5698-5705.
- Kleinschmit DH, Kung Jr L 2006. A meta-analysis of the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn and grass and small-grain silages. Journal of Dairy Science 89: 4005-4013.
- Kung Jr L, Ranjit NK 2001. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri and other additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage. Journal of Dairy Science 84: 1149-1155.
- Lindgren S 1999. Can HACCP principles be applied for silage safety? In: Proceeding of International Silage Conference 66: 51-66. Sweden.
- Mariotti M, Fratini F, Cerri D, Andreuccetti V, Giglio R, Angeletti FGS, Turchi B 2020. Use of fresh scotta whey as an additive for alfalfa silage. Agronomy Journal 10: 365.
- McAllister TA, Feniuk R, Mir Z, Mir P, Selinger LB, Cheng KJ 1998. Inoculants for alfalfa silage: Effects on aerobic stability, digestibility and the growth performance of feedlot steers. Livestock Production Science 53: 171-181.
- McDonald P, Henderson AR, Heren SJE 1991. The biochemistry of silage. 2nd ed. Chalcombe Publ; Bucks, UK.
- Nadeau EMG, Buxton DR, Russell JR, Allison MJ, Young JW 2006 Enzyme, bacterial inoculant, and formic acid effect on silage composition of orchard grass and alfalfa. Journal of Dairy Science 83: 1487-1502.
- Nishino N, Wada H, Yoshida M, Shiota H 2004. Microbial counts, fermentation products, and aerobic stability of whole crop corn and a total mixed ration ensiled with and without inoculation of lactobacillus casei or lactobacillus buchneri. Journal of Dairy Science 87: 2563–2570.
- Nkosi BD, Meeske R 2010. Effects of whey and molasses as silage additives on potato hash silage quality and growth performance of lambs. Journal of Dairy Science 40: 229-237.
- NRC 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (7th ed.). National Academy Press, Washington D.C., USA.
- Palangi V, Macit M, Bayat AR 2020. Comparison of mathematical models describing disappearance curves from the in sacco technique for incubating lucerne hay cuts in the rumen. South African Journal of Animal Science 50(5): 719-725.
- Pahlow G, Zimmer E 1985. Proceedings of the 15th International Grassland Congress, Kyoto. 877-897.
- Ranjit NK, Kung Jr L 2000. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, or a chemical preservative on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science 83: 526–535.
- Ren H, Feng Y, Pei J, Li J, Wang Z, Fu SH, Zheng Y, Li Z, Peng Z 2020. Effects of lactobacillus plantarum additive and temperature on the ensiling quality and microbial community dynamics of cauliflower leaf silages. Bioresource Technology 307: 123238.
- Repetto JL, Echarri V, Aguerre M, Cajarville C 2011. Use of fresh cheese whey as an additive for lucerne silages: Effects on chemical composition, conservation quality and ruminal degradation of cell walls. Animal Feed Science and Technology 170: 160-164.
- Rinne M, Winquist E, Pihlajaniemi V, Niemi P, Seppälä A, Siika-Aho M 2020. Fibrolytic enzyme treatment prior to ensiling increased press-juice and crude protein yield from grass silage. Bioresource Technology 299:122572.
- SAS 2018. Statistical Analysis Systems. Version 9.4 SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
- Schmidt RJ, Hu W, Mills JA, Kung JL 2009. The development of lactic acid bacteria and Lactobacillus buchneri and their effects on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science 92(10): 5005-5010.
- Schumcher LL, Viégas J, Pereira SN, Tonin TJ, Rocha LT, Bermudes R, Carpes RP 2019. Effect of the additives milk whey, Lactobacillus casei and l. Acidophillus on the quality of sorghum silage. Boletim De Indústria Animal Nova Odessa 76: 1-8.
- Takasi M 1996. Use of fresh whey in the enrichment of wheat straw with urea. Final report of Kerman Natural Resources and Animal Resources Research Center. Animal Research Division.
- Touqir NA, Ajmal Khan M, Sarwar M, Nisa M, Lee WS, Lee HJ, Kim HS 2007. Influence of varying dry matter and molasses levels on berseem and lucerne silage characteristics and their in-situ digestion kinetics in nili buffalo bulls. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 20(6): 887-893.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583.
- Whiter AG, Kung L 2001. The effect of a dry or liquid application of Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science 84: 2195–2202.
- Yüksel M, Yüksel AK, Ürüşan H 2019. Peynir altı suyunun çeşitli özellikleri ve kullanım olanakları. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 22(3): 114-125.
Effects of Lactobacillus Buchneri Inoculation and Fresh Whey Addition on Alfalfa Silage Quality and Fermentation Properties
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the effects of different levels of fresh whey and Lactobacillus buchneri inoculation on the nutrient properties and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. Experiment was conducted with 8 treatments and 3 replicates for 90 days. Treatments included wilted alfalfa (control), wilted alfalfa + bacterial inoculant (AB), wilted alfalfa +30 g whey/kg (AW1), wilted alfalfa + 30 g whey + bacterial inoculant (AW1B), wilted alfalfa + 60 g whey per kg (AW2), wilted alfalfa + 60 g whey per kg + bacterial inoculant (AW2B), wilted alfalfa + 90 g whey per kg (AW3) and wilted alfalfa + 90 g whey + bacterial inoculant (AW3B). Results showed that, the pH values of treatments were found less than 4.86 but the control pH was higher in comparison with other treatments (P<0.05). The addition of fresh whey and complementary bacterial supplement to alfalfa caused a significant increase in total fatty acids. There was no significant difference between neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in all treatments compared to control group. The least resistance to erosion was related to wilted alfalfa + bacterial additive (AB), and the highest amount was related to wilted alfalfa + 60 g whey (AW2: P<0.05). The results showed that fresh whey and bacterial inoculation with the fermentable carbohydrates leads to rapid reduction of pH, limiting the proliferation of yeasts, increased aerobic stability and improved silage quality.
References
- Adesogan AT, Krueger N, Salawu MB, Dean DB, Staples CR 2004. The influence of treatment with dual purpose bacterial inoculants or soluble carbohydrates on the fermentation and aerobic stability of bermuda grass. Journal of Dairy Science 87: 3407-3416.
- Asadi al-Mutati A, Alikhani M, Ghorbani GH, Sami AH 2004. Effect of different additives on the quality of millet silage fermentation under laboratory conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 3: 149-161.
- Baytok E, Aksu T, Karsli MA, Muruz H 2005. The effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculant as silage additives on corn silage composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 29: 469-474.
- Besharati M, Palangi V, Niazifar M, Nemati Z 2020a. Comparison study of flaxseed, cinnamon and lemon seed essential oils additives on quality and fermentation characteristics of lucerne silage. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 115(2): 455-462.
- Besharati M, Palangi V, Moaddab M, Nemati Z, Pliego A B, Salem A Z 2020b. Influence of cinnamon essential oil and monensin on ruminal biogas kinetics of waste pomegranate seeds as a biofriendly agriculture environment. Waste and Biomass Valorization, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12649-020-01167-2
- Besharatı M, Karımı M, Taghi̇zadeh A, Nemati Z, Kaygısız A 2020c. Improve quality of alfalfa silage ensiled with orange pulp and bacterial additive. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 23(6): 1669-1677. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.673623
- Calabro PS, Fazzino F, Sidari R, Zema DA 2020. Optimization of orange peel waste ensiling for sustainable anaerobic digestion. Renewable Energy 154: 849-862.
- Curtis JL 1996. Effect of variety on the forage yield, ensiling characteristics, and nutritive value of alfalfa, and effects of cutting, stage of maturity and silage additives on the preservation and nutritive value of alfalfa silage. A dissertation. Kansas State University. Department of Animal Science and Industry Collage of Agriculture.
- Daniels LB, Smith LJ, Stallcup OT, Rakesa JM 1983. Nutritive value of ensiled broiler litter for cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 8 (1): 19-24.
- De Lurdes M, Dapkeviius E, Batista I, Nout MJR, Rombouts FM, Houben JH 1998. Lipid and protein changes during the ensilage of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou Risso) by acid and biological methods. Food Chemistry 63: 97-102.
- Driehuis F, Oude Elferink S, Van Wikselaar PG 2001. Fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of grass silage inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri, with or without homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Grass and Forage Science 56: 330-343.
- Filya I 2003. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri and lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of low dry matter corn and sorghum silages. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 3575-3581.
- Filya I, Muck RE, Contreras-Govea FE 2007. Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: fermentation products and nutritive value. Journal of Dairy Science 90: 5108-5114.
- Gordon FJ, Dawson LER, Ferris CP, Steen RWJ, Kilpatrick DJ 1999. The influence of wilting and forage additive type on the energy utilization of grass silage by growing cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 79: 15-27.
- Hashemzadeh-Cigari F, Khorvash M, Ghorbani GR, Ghasemi E, Taghizadeh A, Kargar S, Yang WZ 2014. Interactive effects of molasses by homofermentative and heterofermentative inoculants on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractionation, nutritive value and aerobic stability of wilted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 98: 290-299.
- Hashemzadeh-Cigari F, Khorvash M, Ghorbani GR, Taghizadeh A 2011. The effects of wilting, molasses and inoculants on the fermentation quality and nutritive value of lucerne silage. South African Society Animal Science 41: 377-388.
- He L, Wang CH, Xing Y, Zhou W, Pian R, Chen X, Zhang Q 2020. Ensiling characteristics, proteolysis and bacterial community of high moisture corn stalk and stylo silage prepared with Bauhinia variegate flower. Bioresource Technology 296: 122336.
- Jiang D, Li B, Zheng M, Niu D, Zuo S, Xu CH 2020. Effects of pediococcus pentosaceus on fermentation, aerobic stability and microbial communities during ensiling and aerobic spoilage of total mixed ration silage containing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Grassland Science 66: 215-224. . https://doi.org/ 10.1111/grs.12272
- Kautz WP 1998. Advances in inoculants silage.Technical services, Milwaukee.
- Kizilsimsek M, Schmidt RJ, Kung Jr L 2007. Effects of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria applied as a freeze-dried or fresh culture on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science 90: 5698-5705.
- Kleinschmit DH, Kung Jr L 2006. A meta-analysis of the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn and grass and small-grain silages. Journal of Dairy Science 89: 4005-4013.
- Kung Jr L, Ranjit NK 2001. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri and other additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage. Journal of Dairy Science 84: 1149-1155.
- Lindgren S 1999. Can HACCP principles be applied for silage safety? In: Proceeding of International Silage Conference 66: 51-66. Sweden.
- Mariotti M, Fratini F, Cerri D, Andreuccetti V, Giglio R, Angeletti FGS, Turchi B 2020. Use of fresh scotta whey as an additive for alfalfa silage. Agronomy Journal 10: 365.
- McAllister TA, Feniuk R, Mir Z, Mir P, Selinger LB, Cheng KJ 1998. Inoculants for alfalfa silage: Effects on aerobic stability, digestibility and the growth performance of feedlot steers. Livestock Production Science 53: 171-181.
- McDonald P, Henderson AR, Heren SJE 1991. The biochemistry of silage. 2nd ed. Chalcombe Publ; Bucks, UK.
- Nadeau EMG, Buxton DR, Russell JR, Allison MJ, Young JW 2006 Enzyme, bacterial inoculant, and formic acid effect on silage composition of orchard grass and alfalfa. Journal of Dairy Science 83: 1487-1502.
- Nishino N, Wada H, Yoshida M, Shiota H 2004. Microbial counts, fermentation products, and aerobic stability of whole crop corn and a total mixed ration ensiled with and without inoculation of lactobacillus casei or lactobacillus buchneri. Journal of Dairy Science 87: 2563–2570.
- Nkosi BD, Meeske R 2010. Effects of whey and molasses as silage additives on potato hash silage quality and growth performance of lambs. Journal of Dairy Science 40: 229-237.
- NRC 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (7th ed.). National Academy Press, Washington D.C., USA.
- Palangi V, Macit M, Bayat AR 2020. Comparison of mathematical models describing disappearance curves from the in sacco technique for incubating lucerne hay cuts in the rumen. South African Journal of Animal Science 50(5): 719-725.
- Pahlow G, Zimmer E 1985. Proceedings of the 15th International Grassland Congress, Kyoto. 877-897.
- Ranjit NK, Kung Jr L 2000. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, or a chemical preservative on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science 83: 526–535.
- Ren H, Feng Y, Pei J, Li J, Wang Z, Fu SH, Zheng Y, Li Z, Peng Z 2020. Effects of lactobacillus plantarum additive and temperature on the ensiling quality and microbial community dynamics of cauliflower leaf silages. Bioresource Technology 307: 123238.
- Repetto JL, Echarri V, Aguerre M, Cajarville C 2011. Use of fresh cheese whey as an additive for lucerne silages: Effects on chemical composition, conservation quality and ruminal degradation of cell walls. Animal Feed Science and Technology 170: 160-164.
- Rinne M, Winquist E, Pihlajaniemi V, Niemi P, Seppälä A, Siika-Aho M 2020. Fibrolytic enzyme treatment prior to ensiling increased press-juice and crude protein yield from grass silage. Bioresource Technology 299:122572.
- SAS 2018. Statistical Analysis Systems. Version 9.4 SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
- Schmidt RJ, Hu W, Mills JA, Kung JL 2009. The development of lactic acid bacteria and Lactobacillus buchneri and their effects on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science 92(10): 5005-5010.
- Schumcher LL, Viégas J, Pereira SN, Tonin TJ, Rocha LT, Bermudes R, Carpes RP 2019. Effect of the additives milk whey, Lactobacillus casei and l. Acidophillus on the quality of sorghum silage. Boletim De Indústria Animal Nova Odessa 76: 1-8.
- Takasi M 1996. Use of fresh whey in the enrichment of wheat straw with urea. Final report of Kerman Natural Resources and Animal Resources Research Center. Animal Research Division.
- Touqir NA, Ajmal Khan M, Sarwar M, Nisa M, Lee WS, Lee HJ, Kim HS 2007. Influence of varying dry matter and molasses levels on berseem and lucerne silage characteristics and their in-situ digestion kinetics in nili buffalo bulls. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 20(6): 887-893.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583.
- Whiter AG, Kung L 2001. The effect of a dry or liquid application of Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 on the fermentation of alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science 84: 2195–2202.
- Yüksel M, Yüksel AK, Ürüşan H 2019. Peynir altı suyunun çeşitli özellikleri ve kullanım olanakları. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 22(3): 114-125.
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2021 |
| Submission Date | August 4, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | September 16, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021Volume: 24 Issue: 3 |
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