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The Effect of Sample Amount and Decoction Time on The Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Decoction Lemon Balm and Sage

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 725 - 732, 31.08.2021

Cennet Yaman

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.810689

Abstract

In this study, decoctions (herbal tea) of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L), two of the important medicinal plants, were analysed for antioxidant activity, antioxidants, and minerals (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Ba, Ag and Ga) were determined in each sage and lemon balm dry leaves as well as decoctions by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The antioxidant activities of decoctions were evaluated by scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals, and varied from 19.4 to 109.1 mg trolox equivalent (TE) cup-1 for DPPH and from 35.0 to 168.0 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) cup-1 for H2O2. The highest antioxidant activity and antioxidants such as total phenolic, flavonoid and flavanol contents were found in the decoction of lemon balm. The analysed minerals were most efficiently observed in sage decoctions. The study also showed that the best sample amount in terms of the minerals was 3 g for both species, but decoction time was statistically insignificant for sage and 10 min more effective for lemon balm. As a result, it was tried to determine the most appropriate sample amount and decoction time for the decoctions of both species according to the analysed parameters.

Keywords

Decoction Melissa officinalis Mineral Salvia officinalis Phenolics

References

  • Afanasiev IB, Dorozhko AI, Brodshi AV, Kostyak VA, Potaporitch AI 1989. Chelating and Free Radical Scavenging Mechanisms of Inhibitory Action of Rutin and Quercetin in Lipid Peroxidation. Biochemic Pharmacol 38: 1763–9.
  • Al Alawi AM, Majoni SW, Falhammar H 2018. Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions. International Journal of Endocrinology 2018:1–17.
  • Alagawany M, El-Hack MEA, Farag MR, Gopi M, Karthik K, Malik YS, Dhama K 2017. Rosmarinic Acid: Modes of Action, Medicinal Values and Health Benefits. Animal Health Research Reviews 18:167–176.
  • Albayrak S, Aksoy A, Albayrak S, Sagdic O 2013. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of some Lamiaceae species. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology A1: 1-9.
  • Arceusz A, Occhipinti A, Capuzzo A, Maffei ME 2013. Comparison of Different Extraction Methods for The Determination of α- and β-thujone in Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Herbal Tea. Journal of Separation Science 36:3130–3134.
  • Asadi A, shidfar F, Safari M, Malek M, Hosseini AF, Rezazadeh S, Rajab A, Shidfar S, Hosseini S 2018. Safety and Efficacy of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) on ApoA-I, Apo B, Lipid Ratio and ICAM-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 40:83–88.
  • Atanassova M, Georgieva S, Ivancheva K 2011. Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Capacity and Biological Contaminants in Medicinal Herbs. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 46(1): 81-88.
  • Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S. 2006. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry 99:191–203.
  • Boneza MM, Niemeyer ED. 2018. Cultivar affects the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of commercially available lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) varieties. Industrial Crops and Products 112:783–789.
  • Büyükbalci A, El SN 2008. Determination of In Vitro Antidiabetic Effects, Antioxidant Activities and Phenol Contents of Some Herbal Teas. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 63:27–33.
  • Chizzola R 2012. Metallic Mineral Elements and Heavy Metals in Medicinal Plants. Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 6:39–53.
  • Dias MI, Barros L, Morales P, Sánchez-Mata MC, Oliveira MBPP, Ferreira ICFR 2015. Nutritional Parameters of Infusions and Decoctions Obtained from Fragaria vesca L. Roots and Vegetative Parts. LWT - Food Science and Technology 62:32–38.
  • Fonteles AA, Souza CM de, Sousa Neves JC de, Menezes APF, Santos do Carmo MR, Fernandes FDP, Araújo PR de, Andrade GM de 2016. Rosmarinic Acid Prevents Against Memory Deficits in Ischemic Mice. Behavioural Brain Research SreeTest Content1 297:91–103.
  • Ghorbani A, Esmaeilizadeh M 2017. Pharmacological Properties of Salvia officinalis and Its Components. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 7:433–440.
  • Guimarães R, Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira ICFR 2011. Infusions and Decoctions of Mixed Herbs used in Folk Medicine: Synergism in Antioxidant Potential. Phytotherapy Research 25:1209–1214.
  • Herrera T, Aguilera Y, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Bravo E, Benítez V, Martínez-Sáez N, Arribas SM, Castillo MD del, Martín-Cabrejas MA 2018. Teas and Herbal Infusions as Sources of Melatonin and Other Bioactive Non- Nutrient Components. LWT 89:65–73.
  • Hussain SR, Cillard J, Cillard P 1987. Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity of Flavonoids. Phytochemistry 26: 2489–91.
  • Ivanova D, Gerova D, Chervenkov T, Yankova T 2005. Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity of Bulgarian Medicinal Plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96:145–150.
  • Khansari N, Shakiba Y, Mahmoudi M 2009. Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as a Major Cause of Age- Related Diseases and Cancer. Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery 3(1): 73-80(8).
  • Khedher MRB, Hammami M, Arch JRS, Hislop DC, Eze D, Wargent ET, Kępczyńska MA, Zaibi MS 2018. Preventive Effects of Salvia officinalis Leaf Extract on Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in a Model of High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice That Responds to Rosiglitazone. PeerJ 6:e4166.
  • Lima CF, Andrade PB, Seabra RM, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C 2005. The Drinking of a Salvia officinalis Infusion Improves Liver Antioxidant Status in Mice and Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97:383–389.
  • Nicolai M, Pereira P, Vitor RF, Reis CP, Roberto A, Rijo P 2016. Antioxidant Activity and Rosmarinic Acid Content of Ultrasound-Assisted Ethanolic Extracts of Medicinal Plants. Measurement 89:328–332.
  • Nowak D, Gośliński M, Wesołowska A, Berenda K, Popławski C 2019. Effects of Acute Consumption of Noni and Chokeberry Juices vs. Energy Drinks on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Blood Glucose in Young Adults. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. URL: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2019/6076751/ [accessed February 2020].
  • Nunes S, Madureira AR, Campos D, Sarmento B, Gomes AM, Pintado M, Reis F 2017. Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Potential of Rosmarinic Acid—Cytoprotective Properties and Pharmacokinetic Profile. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57:1799–1806.
  • Özcan MM, Ünver A, Uçar T, Arslan D 2008. Mineral Content of Some Herbs and herbal Teas by Infusion and Decoction. Food Chemistry 106:1120–1127.
  • Pereira CG, Barreira L, Rosa Neng N da, Nogueira JMF, Marques C, Santos TF, Varela J, Custódio L 2017. Searching for New Sources of Innovative Products for the food industry within Halophyte Aromatic Plants: In vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic and Mineral Contents of Infusions and Decoctions of Crithmum maritimum L. Food and Chemical Toxicology 107:581–589.
  • Petkova N, Ivanov I, Mihaylova D, Krastanov A 2017. Phenolic Acids Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Commercially Available Melissa officinalis L. Teas in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Chemical Communications 49: 69-74.
  • Poswal FS, Russell G, Mackonochie M, MacLennan E, Adukwu EC, Rolfe V 2019. Herbal Teas and their Health Benefits: A Scoping Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 74:266–276.
  • Pytlakowska K, Kita A, Janoska P, Połowniak M, Kozik V 2012. Multi-element Analysis of Mineral and Trace Elements in Medicinal Herbs and Their Infusions. Food Chemistry 135:494–501.
  • Quettier-Deleu C, Gressier B, Vasseur J, Dine T, Brunet C, Luyckx M, Cazin M, Cazin J-C, Bailleul F, Trotin F 2000. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Hulls and Flour. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72:35–42.
  • Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Gallagher JC, Gallo RL, Jones G, Kovacs CS, Mayne ST, et al 2011. The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:53–58.
  • Ruch RJ, Cheng S, Klaunig JE 1989. Prevention of Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Intercellular Communication by Antioxidant Catechins Isolated from Chinese Green Tea. Carcinogenesis 10:1003–1008.
  • Shakeri A, Sahebkar A, Javadi B 2016. Melissa officinalis L. – A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 188:204–228.
  • Shinjyo N, Green J 2017. Are Sage, Rosemary and Lemon Balm Effective Interventions in Dementia? A Narrative Review of the Clinical Evidence. European Journal of Integrative Medicine 15:83–96.
  • Toydemir G, Capanoglu E, Kamiloglu S, Firatligil-Durmus E, Sunay A, Samanci T, Boyacioglu D 2015. Effects of Honey Addition on Antioxidative Properties of Different Herbal Teas. Pol J Food Nutr Sci 65:127–135.
  • Turksoy VA, Tutkun L, Gunduzoz M, Oztan O, Deniz S, Iritas SB 2019. Changing Levels of Selenium and Zinc in Cadmium-Exposed Workers: Probable Association with the Intensity of Inflammation. Mol Biol Rep 46:5455–5464.
  • Walch SG, Ngaba Tinzoh L, Zimmermann BF, Stühlinger W, Lachenmeier DW. 2011. Antioxidant Capacity and Polyphenolic Composition as Quality Indicators for Aqueous Infusions of Salvia officinalis L. (sage tea). Front Pharmacol 2.
  • Wimalawansa SJ, Razzaque MS, Al-Daghri NM 2018. Calcium and Vitamin D in Human Health: Hype or Real? The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 180:4–14.
  • Yaman C, Ulukuş D, Tugay O 2019. Bazı Ruta L. Ekstraktlarının Biyoaktif Madde İçerikleri ve Radikal Kovucu Aktiviteleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 22:193–201.

Tıbbi Adaçayı ve Oğul Otu Dekoksiyonlarının Fitokimyasalları ve Antioksidan Aktiviteleri Üzerine Örnek Miktarı ve Dekoksiyon Süresinin Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 725 - 732, 31.08.2021

Cennet Yaman

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.810689

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, önemli tıbbi bitkilerden olan tıbbi adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.) ve oğul otu (Melissa officinalis L.) dekoksiyonlarının antioksidan aktivitesi ve antioksidantları analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu türlerin yaprak ve dekoksiyonlarındaki mineral içerikleri (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Ba, Ag and Ga) indüktif eşleşmiş plazma kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS) tarafından tespit edilmiştir. Dekoksiyon örnekleri farklı örnek miktarı ve dekoksiyon süresi uygulayarak elde edilmiştir. Dekoksiyonların ntioksidan aktivitesi 1,1-difenil-2-pikril-hidrazil (DPPH) ve hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) radikalleri ile belirlenmiş, DPPH radikalli için 19.4 - 109.1 mg trolox eşdeğeri (TE) / fincan ve H2O2 radikali için 35.0 - 168.0 mg askorbik asit eşdeğeri (AAE) / fincan arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek antioksidan aktivite ve toplam fenolik, flavonoid ve flavanol gibi antioksidantlar oğul otu dekoksiyonlarından elde edilmiştir. Analiz edilen mineraller en verimli tıbbi adaçayı dekoksiyonlarında gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca mineraller açısından en iyi örnek miktarının her iki tür için 3 g olduğunu, ancak dekoksiyon süresinin tıbbi adaçayı için istatistiksel olarak önemsiz ve limon balsamı için 10 dk uygulamanın daha etkili olduğunu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, analiz edilen parametrelere göre her iki türün dekoksiyonları için en uygun örnek miktarı ve kaynatma süresi belirlemeye çalışılmıştır

Keywords

Dekoksiyon Melissa officinalis Mineral Salvia officinalis Fenolikler

References

  • Afanasiev IB, Dorozhko AI, Brodshi AV, Kostyak VA, Potaporitch AI 1989. Chelating and Free Radical Scavenging Mechanisms of Inhibitory Action of Rutin and Quercetin in Lipid Peroxidation. Biochemic Pharmacol 38: 1763–9.
  • Al Alawi AM, Majoni SW, Falhammar H 2018. Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions. International Journal of Endocrinology 2018:1–17.
  • Alagawany M, El-Hack MEA, Farag MR, Gopi M, Karthik K, Malik YS, Dhama K 2017. Rosmarinic Acid: Modes of Action, Medicinal Values and Health Benefits. Animal Health Research Reviews 18:167–176.
  • Albayrak S, Aksoy A, Albayrak S, Sagdic O 2013. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of some Lamiaceae species. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology A1: 1-9.
  • Arceusz A, Occhipinti A, Capuzzo A, Maffei ME 2013. Comparison of Different Extraction Methods for The Determination of α- and β-thujone in Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Herbal Tea. Journal of Separation Science 36:3130–3134.
  • Asadi A, shidfar F, Safari M, Malek M, Hosseini AF, Rezazadeh S, Rajab A, Shidfar S, Hosseini S 2018. Safety and Efficacy of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) on ApoA-I, Apo B, Lipid Ratio and ICAM-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 40:83–88.
  • Atanassova M, Georgieva S, Ivancheva K 2011. Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Capacity and Biological Contaminants in Medicinal Herbs. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 46(1): 81-88.
  • Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S. 2006. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry 99:191–203.
  • Boneza MM, Niemeyer ED. 2018. Cultivar affects the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of commercially available lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) varieties. Industrial Crops and Products 112:783–789.
  • Büyükbalci A, El SN 2008. Determination of In Vitro Antidiabetic Effects, Antioxidant Activities and Phenol Contents of Some Herbal Teas. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 63:27–33.
  • Chizzola R 2012. Metallic Mineral Elements and Heavy Metals in Medicinal Plants. Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 6:39–53.
  • Dias MI, Barros L, Morales P, Sánchez-Mata MC, Oliveira MBPP, Ferreira ICFR 2015. Nutritional Parameters of Infusions and Decoctions Obtained from Fragaria vesca L. Roots and Vegetative Parts. LWT - Food Science and Technology 62:32–38.
  • Fonteles AA, Souza CM de, Sousa Neves JC de, Menezes APF, Santos do Carmo MR, Fernandes FDP, Araújo PR de, Andrade GM de 2016. Rosmarinic Acid Prevents Against Memory Deficits in Ischemic Mice. Behavioural Brain Research SreeTest Content1 297:91–103.
  • Ghorbani A, Esmaeilizadeh M 2017. Pharmacological Properties of Salvia officinalis and Its Components. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 7:433–440.
  • Guimarães R, Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira ICFR 2011. Infusions and Decoctions of Mixed Herbs used in Folk Medicine: Synergism in Antioxidant Potential. Phytotherapy Research 25:1209–1214.
  • Herrera T, Aguilera Y, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Bravo E, Benítez V, Martínez-Sáez N, Arribas SM, Castillo MD del, Martín-Cabrejas MA 2018. Teas and Herbal Infusions as Sources of Melatonin and Other Bioactive Non- Nutrient Components. LWT 89:65–73.
  • Hussain SR, Cillard J, Cillard P 1987. Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity of Flavonoids. Phytochemistry 26: 2489–91.
  • Ivanova D, Gerova D, Chervenkov T, Yankova T 2005. Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity of Bulgarian Medicinal Plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96:145–150.
  • Khansari N, Shakiba Y, Mahmoudi M 2009. Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as a Major Cause of Age- Related Diseases and Cancer. Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery 3(1): 73-80(8).
  • Khedher MRB, Hammami M, Arch JRS, Hislop DC, Eze D, Wargent ET, Kępczyńska MA, Zaibi MS 2018. Preventive Effects of Salvia officinalis Leaf Extract on Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in a Model of High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice That Responds to Rosiglitazone. PeerJ 6:e4166.
  • Lima CF, Andrade PB, Seabra RM, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C 2005. The Drinking of a Salvia officinalis Infusion Improves Liver Antioxidant Status in Mice and Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97:383–389.
  • Nicolai M, Pereira P, Vitor RF, Reis CP, Roberto A, Rijo P 2016. Antioxidant Activity and Rosmarinic Acid Content of Ultrasound-Assisted Ethanolic Extracts of Medicinal Plants. Measurement 89:328–332.
  • Nowak D, Gośliński M, Wesołowska A, Berenda K, Popławski C 2019. Effects of Acute Consumption of Noni and Chokeberry Juices vs. Energy Drinks on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Blood Glucose in Young Adults. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. URL: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2019/6076751/ [accessed February 2020].
  • Nunes S, Madureira AR, Campos D, Sarmento B, Gomes AM, Pintado M, Reis F 2017. Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Potential of Rosmarinic Acid—Cytoprotective Properties and Pharmacokinetic Profile. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57:1799–1806.
  • Özcan MM, Ünver A, Uçar T, Arslan D 2008. Mineral Content of Some Herbs and herbal Teas by Infusion and Decoction. Food Chemistry 106:1120–1127.
  • Pereira CG, Barreira L, Rosa Neng N da, Nogueira JMF, Marques C, Santos TF, Varela J, Custódio L 2017. Searching for New Sources of Innovative Products for the food industry within Halophyte Aromatic Plants: In vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic and Mineral Contents of Infusions and Decoctions of Crithmum maritimum L. Food and Chemical Toxicology 107:581–589.
  • Petkova N, Ivanov I, Mihaylova D, Krastanov A 2017. Phenolic Acids Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Commercially Available Melissa officinalis L. Teas in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Chemical Communications 49: 69-74.
  • Poswal FS, Russell G, Mackonochie M, MacLennan E, Adukwu EC, Rolfe V 2019. Herbal Teas and their Health Benefits: A Scoping Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 74:266–276.
  • Pytlakowska K, Kita A, Janoska P, Połowniak M, Kozik V 2012. Multi-element Analysis of Mineral and Trace Elements in Medicinal Herbs and Their Infusions. Food Chemistry 135:494–501.
  • Quettier-Deleu C, Gressier B, Vasseur J, Dine T, Brunet C, Luyckx M, Cazin M, Cazin J-C, Bailleul F, Trotin F 2000. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Hulls and Flour. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72:35–42.
  • Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Gallagher JC, Gallo RL, Jones G, Kovacs CS, Mayne ST, et al 2011. The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:53–58.
  • Ruch RJ, Cheng S, Klaunig JE 1989. Prevention of Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Intercellular Communication by Antioxidant Catechins Isolated from Chinese Green Tea. Carcinogenesis 10:1003–1008.
  • Shakeri A, Sahebkar A, Javadi B 2016. Melissa officinalis L. – A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 188:204–228.
  • Shinjyo N, Green J 2017. Are Sage, Rosemary and Lemon Balm Effective Interventions in Dementia? A Narrative Review of the Clinical Evidence. European Journal of Integrative Medicine 15:83–96.
  • Toydemir G, Capanoglu E, Kamiloglu S, Firatligil-Durmus E, Sunay A, Samanci T, Boyacioglu D 2015. Effects of Honey Addition on Antioxidative Properties of Different Herbal Teas. Pol J Food Nutr Sci 65:127–135.
  • Turksoy VA, Tutkun L, Gunduzoz M, Oztan O, Deniz S, Iritas SB 2019. Changing Levels of Selenium and Zinc in Cadmium-Exposed Workers: Probable Association with the Intensity of Inflammation. Mol Biol Rep 46:5455–5464.
  • Walch SG, Ngaba Tinzoh L, Zimmermann BF, Stühlinger W, Lachenmeier DW. 2011. Antioxidant Capacity and Polyphenolic Composition as Quality Indicators for Aqueous Infusions of Salvia officinalis L. (sage tea). Front Pharmacol 2.
  • Wimalawansa SJ, Razzaque MS, Al-Daghri NM 2018. Calcium and Vitamin D in Human Health: Hype or Real? The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 180:4–14.
  • Yaman C, Ulukuş D, Tugay O 2019. Bazı Ruta L. Ekstraktlarının Biyoaktif Madde İçerikleri ve Radikal Kovucu Aktiviteleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 22:193–201.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Cennet Yaman 0000-0002-2364-8171

Publication Date August 31, 2021
Submission Date October 15, 2020
Acceptance Date December 3, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yaman, C. (2021). The Effect of Sample Amount and Decoction Time on The Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Decoction Lemon Balm and Sage. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(4), 725-732. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.810689
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