Research Article
Giresun (Türkiye) İlinde Yetiştirilen Pinus spp.’nin Kabuğundan Elde Edilen Farklı Ekstraktların Antioksidan Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi – RP-HPLC-DAD ile Fenolik Analizi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, sıcak su ile hazırlanan Pinus sylvestris L. var hamata Steven, Pinus pinaster Aiton subsp. pinaster ve Pinus pinea L. kabuk ekstraktlarının fenolik bileşikleri, toplam fenolik madde içeriği ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ekstraktların fenolik bileşimi ve toplam fenolik içeriği sırasıyla Ters Faz-Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografi-Diyot Array Dedektörü (RP-HPLC-DAD) ve Folin–Ciocâlteu yöntemi ile belirlendi. Antioksidan aktivite, 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH•) radikal temizleme ve demir (III) indirgeme / antioksidan kuvvet (FRAP) metotları ile belirlendi. Numuneler arasında en yüksek toplam fenolik içerik P. pinea kabuk ekstraktında [984.46±4.08 μg mL-1 gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE) ve 1163.33±4.04 μg mL-1 kateşin eşdeğeri (CE)] ve en düşük sonuç P. sylvestris kabuk ekstraktında tespit edilmiştir (361.53±3.52 μg mL-1 GAE ve 427.26±4.17 μg mL-1 CE). P. pinea kabuk ekstraktlarında en bol bulunan fenolik bileşikler kateşin (3.586±0.114 mg g-1) ve taksifolindir (1.866±0.096 mg g-1). Antioksidan sonuçlarına göre, P. pinea kabuk ekstraktı standart BHT ve Trolox’a göre kayda değer antioksidan aktivite gösterdi [SC50: DPPH için 1.64310±0.00003 µg mL-1 ve FRAP için 1428.75±5.62 µM Trolox Eşdeğeri Antioksidan Kapasite (TEAC)]. Elde edilen sonuçlar, çam kabuğu ekstraktlarının gıda ve ilaç endüstrisi için kolayca elde edilebilen doğal bir antioksidan kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceğini gösterdi.
References
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- D'Andrea G 2010. Pycnogenol: a blend of procyanidins with multifaceted therapeutic applications? Fitoterapia 81: 724−736.
- Dróżdż P, Pyrzynska K 2019. Extracts from pine and oak barks: phenolics, minerals and antioxidant potential. Int J Environ Anal Chem 101: 1−9.
- Everest A, Öztürk E 2005. Focusing on the ethnobotanical uses of plants in Mersin and Adana provinces (Turkey). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 1: 1−6.
- Ferreira-Santos P, Genisheva Z, Botelho C, Santos J, Ramos C, Teixeira JA, Rocha CM 2020. Unravelling the biological potential of pinus pinaster bark extracts. Antioxidants 9: 1-22.
- Gupta M, Bhalla T, Gupta G, Mitra C, Bhargava K 1971. Anti-inflammatory activity of taxifolin. Jap J Pharmacol 21: 377−382.
- Gülçin İ 2006a. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid (3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid). Toxicology 217: 213−220.
- Gülçin İ 2006b. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of L-carnitine. Life Sci 78: 803−811.
- Gülçin İ 2012. Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview. Arch Toxicol 86: 345−391.
- Gülçin İ 2020. Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: An updated overview. Arch Toxicol 94: 651−715.
- Güzel Y, Güzelşemme M, Miski M 2015. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used in Antakya: a multicultural district in Hatay Province of Turkey. J Ethnopharmacol 174: 118−152.
- Hamad AMA, Ates S, Olgun Ç, Gur M 2019. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of some industrial tree bark extracts. BioResources 14: 5657−5671.
- Harkin JM, Rowe JW 1971. Bark and its possible uses. (Research note FPL: 091). US Forest Service p. 56.
- İnce I, Yeşil-Çeliktaş O, Karabay-Yavaşoğlu N, Elgin G 2009. Effects of Pinus brutia bark extract and Pycnogenol® in a rat model of carrageenan induced inflammation. Phytomedicine 16: 1101−1104.
- Karaçelik AA, Küçük M, İskefiyeli Z, Aydemir S, De Smet S, Miserez B, Sandra P 2015. Antioxidant components of Viburnum opulus L. determined by on-line HPLC–UV–ABTS radical scavenging and LC–UV–ESI-MS methods. Food Chem 175: 106−114.
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- Skrypnik L, Grigorev N, Michailov D, Antipina M, Danilova M, Pungin A 2019. Comparative study on radical scavenging activity and phenolic compounds content in water bark extracts of alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.), oak (Quercus robur L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Eur J Wood Wood Prod 77: 879−890.
- Slinkard K, Singleton VL 1977. Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. J Enol Vitic 28: 49−55.
- Sunil C, Xu B 2019. An insight into the health-promoting effects of taxifolin (dihydroquercetin). Phytochemistry 166: 112066.
- Şeker ME, Çelik A, Dost K, Erdoğan A 2021. Investigation of Pycnogenol Content in Five Different Pine Barks Species Grown in Turkey by HPLC-UV and LC-MS. J Chromatogr Sci bmab022.
- Taner G, Aydın S, Bacanlı M, Sarıgöl Z, Şahin T, Başaran AA, Başaran N 2014. Modulating effects of Pycnogenol® on oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by sepsis in rats. Phytother Res 28: 1692−1700.
- Terzioğlu S, Bilgili E, Karaköse M 2012. Türkiye Ormanları (Forests of Turkey). Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Dış ilişkiler, Eğitim ve Araştırma Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, p. 98.
- Tohma H, Gülçin İ, Bursal E, Gören AC, Alwasel SH, Köksal E 2017. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) determined by HPLC-MS/MS. J Food Meas Charact 11: 556−566.
- Yeşil-Çeliktaş Ö, Ganzera M, Akgün İ, Sevimli C, Korkmaz KS, Bedir E 2009a. Determination of polyphenolic constituents and biological activities of bark extracts from different Pinus species. J Sci Food Agric 89: 1339−1345.
- Yeşil-Çeliktaş Ö, Otto F, Parlar H 2009b. A comparative study of flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of supercritical CO2 extracted pine barks grown in different regions of Turkey and Germany. Eur Food Res Technol 229: 671−677.
Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts From Bark of Pinus spp. grown in Giresun (Turkey) Province – Phenolic analysis by RP-HPLC-DAD
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the phenolic compounds, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of Pinus sylvestris L. var hamata Steven, Pinus pinaster Aiton subsp. pinaster, and Pinus pinea L. bark extracts prepared with hot water. The phenolic composition and total phenolic content (TPC) of extracts were determined by Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (RP-HPLC-DAD) and Folin–Ciocâlteu method, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging and ferric ion (III) reducing / antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Besides, the highest total phenolic content was detected in P. pinea bark extract [984.46±4.08 μg mL-1 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 1163.33±4.04 μg mL-1 catechin equivalent (CE)] and the lowest result was detected in P. sylvestris bark extract (361.53±3.52 μg mL-1 GAE and 427.26±4.17 μg mL-1 CE). Among the tested materials, the most abundant phenolic compounds in P. pinea bark extract were catechin (3.586±0.114 mg g-1) and taxifolin (1.866±0.096 mg g-1). According to the antioxidant results, P. pinea bark extract exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity than standard BHT and Trolox [SC50: 1.64310±0.00003 µg mL-1 for DPPH and 1428.75±5.62 µM Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) for FRAP]. The obtained results indicated that pine bark extracts can be used as an easily obtainable natural source of antioxidants for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
References
- Ak T, Gülçin İ 2008. Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of curcumin. Chem-Biol Interact 174: 27−37. Avcı M 2005. Çeşitlilik ve endemizm açısından Türkiye'nin bitki örtüsü. Coğrafya Dergisi 27−55.
- Benzie IF, Strain JJ 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 239: 70−76.
- Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier M-E, Berset C 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci Technol 28: 25−30.
- Çakır EA 2017. A comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal utilization of gymnosperms in Turkey. Eurasian J Forest Sci 5: 35−47.
- D'Andrea G 2010. Pycnogenol: a blend of procyanidins with multifaceted therapeutic applications? Fitoterapia 81: 724−736.
- Dróżdż P, Pyrzynska K 2019. Extracts from pine and oak barks: phenolics, minerals and antioxidant potential. Int J Environ Anal Chem 101: 1−9.
- Everest A, Öztürk E 2005. Focusing on the ethnobotanical uses of plants in Mersin and Adana provinces (Turkey). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 1: 1−6.
- Ferreira-Santos P, Genisheva Z, Botelho C, Santos J, Ramos C, Teixeira JA, Rocha CM 2020. Unravelling the biological potential of pinus pinaster bark extracts. Antioxidants 9: 1-22.
- Gupta M, Bhalla T, Gupta G, Mitra C, Bhargava K 1971. Anti-inflammatory activity of taxifolin. Jap J Pharmacol 21: 377−382.
- Gülçin İ 2006a. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid (3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid). Toxicology 217: 213−220.
- Gülçin İ 2006b. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of L-carnitine. Life Sci 78: 803−811.
- Gülçin İ 2012. Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview. Arch Toxicol 86: 345−391.
- Gülçin İ 2020. Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: An updated overview. Arch Toxicol 94: 651−715.
- Güzel Y, Güzelşemme M, Miski M 2015. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used in Antakya: a multicultural district in Hatay Province of Turkey. J Ethnopharmacol 174: 118−152.
- Hamad AMA, Ates S, Olgun Ç, Gur M 2019. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of some industrial tree bark extracts. BioResources 14: 5657−5671.
- Harkin JM, Rowe JW 1971. Bark and its possible uses. (Research note FPL: 091). US Forest Service p. 56.
- İnce I, Yeşil-Çeliktaş O, Karabay-Yavaşoğlu N, Elgin G 2009. Effects of Pinus brutia bark extract and Pycnogenol® in a rat model of carrageenan induced inflammation. Phytomedicine 16: 1101−1104.
- Karaçelik AA, Küçük M, İskefiyeli Z, Aydemir S, De Smet S, Miserez B, Sandra P 2015. Antioxidant components of Viburnum opulus L. determined by on-line HPLC–UV–ABTS radical scavenging and LC–UV–ESI-MS methods. Food Chem 175: 106−114.
- Kıvrak İ, Kıvrak Ş, Harmandar M, Çetintaş Y 2013. Phenolic compounds of Pinus brutia Ten.: chemical investigation and quantitative analysis using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source. Rec Nat Prod 7: 313−319.
- Kızılarslan Ç, Sevgi E 2013. Ethnobotanical uses of genus Pinus L.(Pinaceae) in Turkey. Indian J Tradit Knowl 12: 209−220.
- Kurt R, Mengeloğlu F 2006. Potential utilization of bark residues in Turkey, 1st International Non-wood Forest Products Sympossium 1-4 November. In. Trabzon
- Lotito SB, Fraga CG 1998. (+)-Catechin prevents human plasma oxidation. Free Radical Biol Med 24: 435−441.
- Maimoona A, Naeem I, Saddiqe Z, Jameel K 2011. A review on biological, nutraceutical and clinical aspects of French maritime pine bark extract. J Ethnopharmacol 133: 261−277.
- Masquelier J 1987. Plant extract with a proanthocyanidins content as therapeutic agent having radical scavenger effect and use thereof. In. US Patent 4,698,360
- Menon LG, Kuttan R, Kuttan G 1999. Anti-metastatic activity of curcumin and catechin. Cancer Lett 141: 159−165.
- Öktem E 1976. Kabuktan faydalanma olanakları ve yonga levha yapımında kabuk. Orm Araş Ens Dergi 2: 94−101.
- Özüdoğru B, Akaydın G, Erik S, Yeşilada E 2011. Inferences from an ethnobotanical field expedition in the selected locations of Sivas and Yozgat provinces (Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 137: 85−98.
- Sezik E, Yeşilada E, Tabata M, Honda G, Takaishi Y, Fujita T, Tanaka T, Takeda Y 1997. Traditional medicine in Turkey VIII. Folk medicine in East Anatolia; Erzurum, Erzincan, Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır provinces. Econ Bot 51: 195−211.
- Skrypnik L, Grigorev N, Michailov D, Antipina M, Danilova M, Pungin A 2019. Comparative study on radical scavenging activity and phenolic compounds content in water bark extracts of alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.), oak (Quercus robur L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Eur J Wood Wood Prod 77: 879−890.
- Slinkard K, Singleton VL 1977. Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. J Enol Vitic 28: 49−55.
- Sunil C, Xu B 2019. An insight into the health-promoting effects of taxifolin (dihydroquercetin). Phytochemistry 166: 112066.
- Şeker ME, Çelik A, Dost K, Erdoğan A 2021. Investigation of Pycnogenol Content in Five Different Pine Barks Species Grown in Turkey by HPLC-UV and LC-MS. J Chromatogr Sci bmab022.
- Taner G, Aydın S, Bacanlı M, Sarıgöl Z, Şahin T, Başaran AA, Başaran N 2014. Modulating effects of Pycnogenol® on oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by sepsis in rats. Phytother Res 28: 1692−1700.
- Terzioğlu S, Bilgili E, Karaköse M 2012. Türkiye Ormanları (Forests of Turkey). Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Dış ilişkiler, Eğitim ve Araştırma Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, p. 98.
- Tohma H, Gülçin İ, Bursal E, Gören AC, Alwasel SH, Köksal E 2017. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) determined by HPLC-MS/MS. J Food Meas Charact 11: 556−566.
- Yeşil-Çeliktaş Ö, Ganzera M, Akgün İ, Sevimli C, Korkmaz KS, Bedir E 2009a. Determination of polyphenolic constituents and biological activities of bark extracts from different Pinus species. J Sci Food Agric 89: 1339−1345.
- Yeşil-Çeliktaş Ö, Otto F, Parlar H 2009b. A comparative study of flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of supercritical CO2 extracted pine barks grown in different regions of Turkey and Germany. Eur Food Res Technol 229: 671−677.
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 28, 2022 |
| Submission Date | February 6, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | April 29, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022Volume: 25 Issue: 1 |
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