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Investigating In Vitro Genotoxic Effects of Sweetener Xylitol

Year 2022, Volume: 25 Issue: 6, 1315 - 1325, 30.12.2022

Ece Avuloğlu Yılmaz , Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu , Fatma Ünal

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.993825
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Xylitol (XYL) is a sweetener used as a food additive in the food industry. In the present study, four different genotoxicity assays (chromosomal aberration=CA, sister chromatid exchange=SCE, cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome=CBMN-Cyt, and comet assays) were conducted to assess the potential genotoxicity of XYL in human lymphocytes. Four concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg mL-1) of XYL were applied to lymphocytes obtained from three healthy young donors. The frequency of CA was not significantly affected by 24-h administration of XYL (except 1000 μg mL-1 for the number of CAs). 48 h treatment of XYL increased the frequency of CAs and abnormal cells. However, this increase was significant at only two highest concentrations. XYL significantly increased SCE/cell rate at the two highest concentrations at both treatment times (24 and 48h). Similarly, the frequency of MN, Nuclear buds (NBUDs), and Nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) significantly increased by XYL only at the high concentrations. It raised the comet parameters at the two highest concentrations. These observations showed that XYL, only at high concentrations, may have a genotoxic effect on human lymphocytes in vitro. For this reason, it can be concluded that its use at low concentrations may not cause DNA or chromosomal damage.

Keywords

Genotoxicity Sweetener Human Lymphocytes Xylitol

References

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  • Álvarez-Barrera L, Rodríguez-Mercado JJ, López-Chaparro M, Altamirano-Lozano MA 2017. Genotoxicity of Casiopeina III-Ea in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 40 (3): 333-338.
  • Amin L, Azad MAK, Samian, AL 2013. Factor Influencing Risk Perception of Food Additives. J Food Agric Environ 11 (2): 66-72.
  • Anonymous, 2021. Xylitol Safety Data Sheet, Sigma-Aldrich https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TR/en/sds/sigma/x3375 (02.11.2021).
  • Avuloglu-Yilmaz E, Yuzbasioglu D, Unal F 2020. In Vitro Genotoxicity Assessment of Monopotassium Glutamate and Magnesium Diglutamate. Toxicol in Vitro 65: 104780.
  • Azab M, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Hawamdeh H, Quttina M, Nassar L 2017. Assessment of Genotoxicity of Pyrethrin in Cultured Human Lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 40 (3): 251-255.
  • Azqueta A, Collins AR 2013. The Essential Comet Assay: A Comprehensive Guide to Measuring DNA Damage and Repair. Archv Toxicol 87 (6):949-968.
  • Bandyopadhyay A, Ghoshal S, Mukherjee A 2008. Genotoxicity Testing of Low-Calorie Sweeteners: Aspartame, Acesulfame-K, and Saccharin. Drug Chem Toxicol 31 (4):447-457.
  • Bastaki M, Farrell T, Bhusari S, Pant K, Kulkarni R 2017. Lack of Genotoxicity in Vivo for Food Color Additive Tartrazine. Food Chem Toxicol 105:278-284.
  • Bellani L, Muccifora S, Barbieri F, Tassi E, Castiglione MR, Giorgetti L 2020. Genotoxicity of the Food Additive E171, Titanium Dioxide, in the Plants Lens culinaris L. and Allium cepa L. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 849:503142.
  • Bowles CA 1970. Mutagenic study in rats SC-18862. Final Report. Hazelton Laboratories, Inc., Falls Church, VA. Report; 700.
  • Cadirci K, Tozlu OO, Turkez H, Mardinoglu A 2020. The in vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Damage Potentials of the Oral Artificial Sweetener Aspartame on Cultured Human Blood Cells. Turk J Med Sci 50 (2):448-454.
  • Canimoglu S, Rencuzogullari E 2006. The Cytogenetic Effects of Food Sweetener Maltitol in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 29 (3):269-278.
  • Canimoglu S, Rencuzogullari E 2013. The Genotoxic and Teratogenic Effects of Maltitol in Rats. Toxicol Ind Health 29 (10):935-943.
  • Cardoso FS, Araujo-Lima CF, Aiub CA, Felzenszwalb I 2016. Exposure to Sorbitol During Lactation Causes Metabolic Alterations and Genotoxic Effects in Rat Offspring. Toxicol Lett 260:36-45.
  • Cavalcanti BC, Sá LGDAV, de Andrade Neto JB, de Sousa Silva AA, Rios MEF, Barreto FS, de Oliveira Ferreira JR, Silva CR, Barroso FD, Magalhães HIF, NobreJr HV, Moraes MO 2020. Etomidate is Devoid of Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity in Human Lymphocytes and in the Salmonella typhimurium/Microsomal Activation Test. Toxicol in Vitro 104946.
  • Chung YS, Lee M 2013. Genotoxicity Assessment of Erythritol by Using Short-Term Assay. Toxicol Res 29 (4):249-255.
  • Comert M, Gudek M 2017. Fifth Taste: Umami. Jotags 5 (3):397-408.
  • Durnev AD, Oreshchenko AV, Kulakova AV, Beresten NF, Seredenin SB 1995. Study into the Clastogenic Activity of Dietary Sugar Substitutes. Vopr Med Khim 41: 31-33.
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  • Findikli Z, Turkoglu S 2014. Determination of the Effects of Some Artificial Sweeteners on Human Peripheral Lymphocytes Using the Comet Assay. J Toxicol Environ Health Sci 6 (8):147-153.
  • Gooderham NJ, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Bastaki M, Linman MJ, Taylor SV 2020. The Safety Evaluation of Food Flavoring Substances: The Role of Genotoxicity Studies. Crit Rev Toxicol 50 (1): 1-27.
  • Gultekin F, Oner ME, Savas HB, Dogan B 2017. Sweeteners, Glucose Intolerance and Microbiota. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res 1:34-38.
  • Gundogan K, Donmez-Altuntas H, Hamurcu Z, Akbudak IH, Sungur M, Bitgen N, Baskol G, Bayram F 2018. Evaluation of Chromosomal DNA Damage, Cytotoxicity, Cytostasis, Oxidative DNA Damage and Their Relationship With Endocrine Hormones in Patients with Acute Organophosphate Poisoning. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 825: 1-7.
  • Hassan AF, Jasem NH 2020. Evaluation the Incidence of Genotoxic Effects of Artificial Food Favoring Additives in Bone Marrow Cells and Spleen Cells in Mice. Iraqi J Pharm Sci 29 (1): 55-61.
  • Hemachandra CK, Pathiratne A 2016. Combination of Physico-Chemical Analysis, Allium Cepa Test System and Oreochromis niloticus Erythrocyte Based Comet Assay/Nuclear Abnormalities Tests For Cyto-Genotoxicity Assessments of Treated Effluents Discharged From Textile Industries. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 131:54-65.
  • JECFA 1978. (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) Summary of toxicological data of certain food additives and contaminants. WHO food additives series; no. 13.
  • Kadim F 2017. News Framing and Content Analysis of “Food Additive” Issue in Turkish Media. Jaer 3 (2): 29-38.
  • Kadlcikova D, Musilová P, Hradská H, Petrovova M, Selingerova I, Vozdova M, Svoboda M, Rubes J 2020. Different Chromosome Damage in Lymphocytes of Newly Diagnosed Gastrointestinal and Breast Cancer Patients. Neoplasma 67:(3) 668-676.
  • Kamath S, Vijaynarayana K, Shetty DP, Shetty P 2010. Evaluation of Genotoxic Potential of Aspartame. Pharmacologyonline 1: 753-769.
  • Khan IS, Ali MN, Hamid R, Ganie SA 2020. Genotoxic Effect of Two Commonly Used Food Dyes Metanil Yellow and Carmoisine Using Allium cepa L. as Indicator. Toxicol Rep 7:370-375.
  • Kirkland D, Gatehouse D 2015. Aspartame: A review of Genotoxicity Data. Food and Chem Toxicol 84:161-168. Kızılaslan N 2017. The Relationship Between Sweeteners and Metabolic Diseases. Turjaf 5 (2):191-198.
  • Lal AS, Begum SK, Bharadwaj SS, Lalitha V, Vijayalakshmi J, Solomon F.D.P, Ravi M 2019. Bleomycin-induced Genotoxicity in Vitro in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Evidenced As Complex Chromosome-And Chromatid-Type Aberrations. Toxicol in Vitro 54: 367-374.
  • Lemos BS, Maria-Luz Fernandez ML, Santos MESM 2018. Effects of Consuming Sweeteners on Metabolic Disorders. J Nut Food Res Technol 1:34-38.
  • Lin AJ, Zhang XH, Chen MM, Qing CAO 2007. Oxidative Stress and DNA Damages Induced by Cadmium Accumulation. J Environ Sci 19 (5): 596-602.
  • Mäkinen KK 2016. Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals. Int J Dent 1-16.
  • Mourelatos D 1996. Chromosome Study as Predictor of Chemoresponse of Tumors. Cancer J 9:136-141.
  • Mourelatos D 2016. Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay As A Predictor of Tumor Chemoresponse. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 803:1-12.
  • Negrini S, Gorgoulis VG, Halazonetis TD 2010. Genomic Instability-An Evolving Hallmark of Cancer. Nat Rev Mol 11 (3):220-228.
  • OECD 2016a. Test No. 473: In Vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • OECD 2016b. Test No. 487: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Otabe A, Ohta F, Takumi A, Lynch B 2019. Mutagenicity and Genotoxicity Studies of Aspartame. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 103: 345-351.
  • Perry P, Wolff S 1974. New Giemsa Method for The Differential Staining of Sister Chromatids. Nature 51:156-158.
  • Rencuzogullari E, Tuylu BA, Topaktas M, Ila HB, Kayraldiz A, Arslan M, Budak Diler S 2004. Genotoxicity of Aspartame. Drug Chem Toxicol 27 (3): 257-268.
  • Ruiz-Ruiz B, Arellano-García ME, Radilla-Chávez P, Salas-Vargas DS, Toledano-Magaña Y, Casillas-Figueroa F, Vazquez-Gomez RL, Pestryakov A, García-Ramos JC, Bogdanchikova N 2020. Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Assay Using Human Lymphocytes as A Sensitive Tool for Cytotoxicity/Genotoxicity Evaluation of AgNPs. ACS Omega 5: 12005-12015.
  • Sasaki YF, Kawaguchi S, Kamaya A, Ohshita M, Kabasawa K, Iwama K, Taniguchi K, Tsuda S 2002. The Comet Assay with 8 Mouse Organs: Results with 39 Currently Used Food Additives. Mutat Res 519: 103-119.
  • Schneider EL, Lewis, J 1981. Aging and Sister Chromatid Exchange. VIII. Effect of the Aging Environment on Sister Chromatid Exchange Induction and Cell Cycle Kinetics in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells. A brief note. Mech Ageing Dev, 17(4):327-330.
  • Shim SM, Seo SH, Lee Y, Moon GI, Kim MS, Park JH 2011. Consumers’ Knowledge and Safety Perceptions of Food Additives. Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Transmitting Information on Preservatives. Food Control 22(7):1054-1060.
  • Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL 1988. A Simple Technique for Quantitation of Low Levels of DNA Damage in Individual Cells. Exp Cell Res 175 (1): 184-191.
  • Souto EB, Campos JR, Da Ana R, Martins-Gomes C, Silva AM, Souto SB, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Santini A 2020. Ocular Cell Lines and Genotoxicity Assessment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17 (6): 2046.
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Tatlandırıcı Olan Xylitol'ün In Vitro Genotoksik Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 25 Issue: 6, 1315 - 1325, 30.12.2022

Ece Avuloğlu Yılmaz , Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu , Fatma Ünal

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.993825
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Xylitol (XYL), gıda endüstrisinde gıda katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan bir tatlandırıcıdır. Bu çalışmada, insan lenfositlerinde XYL'nin potansiyel genotoksisitesini değerlendirmek için dört farklı genotoksisite testi (kromozomal anormallik=KA, kardeş kromatid değişimi=KKD, sitokinez-blok mikronükleus sitom=CBMN-Cyt ve comet testleri) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Genç ve sağlıklı donörlerden elde edilen lenfositlere dört farklı konsantrasyonda (125, 250, 500 ve 1000 μg mL-1) XYL uygulanmıştır. KA frekansı, 24 saatlik XYL uygulamasından önemli ölçüde etkilenmemiştir (anormal hücre sayısı için 1000 μg mL-1 hariç). 48 saatlik XYL muamelesi, kromozomal anormalliklerin ve anormal hücrelerin sıklığını arttırmıştır. Ancak bu artış en yüksek iki konsantrasyonda anlamlıdır. XYL, tüm uygulama sürelerinde (24 ve 48 saat) en yüksek iki konsantrasyonda KKD/hücre oranını önemli ölçüde yükseltmiştir. Benzer şekilde, MN, Nükleer tomurcuklar (NBUD'ler) ve Nükleoplazmik köprülerin (NPB'ler) sıklığı, XYL’ün yüksek konsantrasyonlarında anlamlı artış göstermiştir. XYL comet parametrelerini en yüksek iki konsantrasyonda yükseltmiştir. Bu gözlemler, XYL'nin in vitro insan lenfositlerinde yalnızca yüksek konsantrasyonlarda genotoksik bir etkiye sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle düşük konsantrasyonlarda kullanımının DNA veya kromozomal hasara neden olmayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Genotoksisite Tatlandırıcı İnsan lenfositleri Xylitol

References

  • Ali I, Ayad ZM, AL-Rekabi FMK 2020. Toxopathological and Cytogenetic Effects of Commercial Sweetener Aspartame After Chronic Oral Administration in Rat Pups. Indian J Med Forensic Med Toxicol 14 (3): 1147-1153.
  • Álvarez-Barrera L, Rodríguez-Mercado JJ, López-Chaparro M, Altamirano-Lozano MA 2017. Genotoxicity of Casiopeina III-Ea in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 40 (3): 333-338.
  • Amin L, Azad MAK, Samian, AL 2013. Factor Influencing Risk Perception of Food Additives. J Food Agric Environ 11 (2): 66-72.
  • Anonymous, 2021. Xylitol Safety Data Sheet, Sigma-Aldrich https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TR/en/sds/sigma/x3375 (02.11.2021).
  • Avuloglu-Yilmaz E, Yuzbasioglu D, Unal F 2020. In Vitro Genotoxicity Assessment of Monopotassium Glutamate and Magnesium Diglutamate. Toxicol in Vitro 65: 104780.
  • Azab M, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Hawamdeh H, Quttina M, Nassar L 2017. Assessment of Genotoxicity of Pyrethrin in Cultured Human Lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 40 (3): 251-255.
  • Azqueta A, Collins AR 2013. The Essential Comet Assay: A Comprehensive Guide to Measuring DNA Damage and Repair. Archv Toxicol 87 (6):949-968.
  • Bandyopadhyay A, Ghoshal S, Mukherjee A 2008. Genotoxicity Testing of Low-Calorie Sweeteners: Aspartame, Acesulfame-K, and Saccharin. Drug Chem Toxicol 31 (4):447-457.
  • Bastaki M, Farrell T, Bhusari S, Pant K, Kulkarni R 2017. Lack of Genotoxicity in Vivo for Food Color Additive Tartrazine. Food Chem Toxicol 105:278-284.
  • Bellani L, Muccifora S, Barbieri F, Tassi E, Castiglione MR, Giorgetti L 2020. Genotoxicity of the Food Additive E171, Titanium Dioxide, in the Plants Lens culinaris L. and Allium cepa L. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 849:503142.
  • Bowles CA 1970. Mutagenic study in rats SC-18862. Final Report. Hazelton Laboratories, Inc., Falls Church, VA. Report; 700.
  • Cadirci K, Tozlu OO, Turkez H, Mardinoglu A 2020. The in vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Damage Potentials of the Oral Artificial Sweetener Aspartame on Cultured Human Blood Cells. Turk J Med Sci 50 (2):448-454.
  • Canimoglu S, Rencuzogullari E 2006. The Cytogenetic Effects of Food Sweetener Maltitol in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 29 (3):269-278.
  • Canimoglu S, Rencuzogullari E 2013. The Genotoxic and Teratogenic Effects of Maltitol in Rats. Toxicol Ind Health 29 (10):935-943.
  • Cardoso FS, Araujo-Lima CF, Aiub CA, Felzenszwalb I 2016. Exposure to Sorbitol During Lactation Causes Metabolic Alterations and Genotoxic Effects in Rat Offspring. Toxicol Lett 260:36-45.
  • Cavalcanti BC, Sá LGDAV, de Andrade Neto JB, de Sousa Silva AA, Rios MEF, Barreto FS, de Oliveira Ferreira JR, Silva CR, Barroso FD, Magalhães HIF, NobreJr HV, Moraes MO 2020. Etomidate is Devoid of Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity in Human Lymphocytes and in the Salmonella typhimurium/Microsomal Activation Test. Toxicol in Vitro 104946.
  • Chung YS, Lee M 2013. Genotoxicity Assessment of Erythritol by Using Short-Term Assay. Toxicol Res 29 (4):249-255.
  • Comert M, Gudek M 2017. Fifth Taste: Umami. Jotags 5 (3):397-408.
  • Durnev AD, Oreshchenko AV, Kulakova AV, Beresten NF, Seredenin SB 1995. Study into the Clastogenic Activity of Dietary Sugar Substitutes. Vopr Med Khim 41: 31-33.
  • Erikel E, Yuzbasioglu D, Unal F 2019. In vitro Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Effects of Cynarin. J Ethnopharmacol 237: 171-181.
  • Evans HJ 1984. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes for the analysis of chromosome aberrations in mutagen tests. In: Kilbey BJ, Legator M, Nichols W, Ramel C (eds) Handbook of mutagenicity test procedures, 2nd ed. Amsterdam, Elsevier Sciences, pp 405-424.
  • Fenech M 2007. Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Cytome Assay. Nat Protoc 2 (5):1084-1104.
  • Fenech M 2006. Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Assay Evolves into a “Cytome” Assay of Chromosomal Instability, Mitotic Dysfunction and Cell Death. Mutat Res Fund Mol M 600 (1): 58-66.
  • Findikli Z, Turkoglu S 2014. Determination of the Effects of Some Artificial Sweeteners on Human Peripheral Lymphocytes Using the Comet Assay. J Toxicol Environ Health Sci 6 (8):147-153.
  • Gooderham NJ, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Bastaki M, Linman MJ, Taylor SV 2020. The Safety Evaluation of Food Flavoring Substances: The Role of Genotoxicity Studies. Crit Rev Toxicol 50 (1): 1-27.
  • Gultekin F, Oner ME, Savas HB, Dogan B 2017. Sweeteners, Glucose Intolerance and Microbiota. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res 1:34-38.
  • Gundogan K, Donmez-Altuntas H, Hamurcu Z, Akbudak IH, Sungur M, Bitgen N, Baskol G, Bayram F 2018. Evaluation of Chromosomal DNA Damage, Cytotoxicity, Cytostasis, Oxidative DNA Damage and Their Relationship With Endocrine Hormones in Patients with Acute Organophosphate Poisoning. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 825: 1-7.
  • Hassan AF, Jasem NH 2020. Evaluation the Incidence of Genotoxic Effects of Artificial Food Favoring Additives in Bone Marrow Cells and Spleen Cells in Mice. Iraqi J Pharm Sci 29 (1): 55-61.
  • Hemachandra CK, Pathiratne A 2016. Combination of Physico-Chemical Analysis, Allium Cepa Test System and Oreochromis niloticus Erythrocyte Based Comet Assay/Nuclear Abnormalities Tests For Cyto-Genotoxicity Assessments of Treated Effluents Discharged From Textile Industries. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 131:54-65.
  • JECFA 1978. (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) Summary of toxicological data of certain food additives and contaminants. WHO food additives series; no. 13.
  • Kadim F 2017. News Framing and Content Analysis of “Food Additive” Issue in Turkish Media. Jaer 3 (2): 29-38.
  • Kadlcikova D, Musilová P, Hradská H, Petrovova M, Selingerova I, Vozdova M, Svoboda M, Rubes J 2020. Different Chromosome Damage in Lymphocytes of Newly Diagnosed Gastrointestinal and Breast Cancer Patients. Neoplasma 67:(3) 668-676.
  • Kamath S, Vijaynarayana K, Shetty DP, Shetty P 2010. Evaluation of Genotoxic Potential of Aspartame. Pharmacologyonline 1: 753-769.
  • Khan IS, Ali MN, Hamid R, Ganie SA 2020. Genotoxic Effect of Two Commonly Used Food Dyes Metanil Yellow and Carmoisine Using Allium cepa L. as Indicator. Toxicol Rep 7:370-375.
  • Kirkland D, Gatehouse D 2015. Aspartame: A review of Genotoxicity Data. Food and Chem Toxicol 84:161-168. Kızılaslan N 2017. The Relationship Between Sweeteners and Metabolic Diseases. Turjaf 5 (2):191-198.
  • Lal AS, Begum SK, Bharadwaj SS, Lalitha V, Vijayalakshmi J, Solomon F.D.P, Ravi M 2019. Bleomycin-induced Genotoxicity in Vitro in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Evidenced As Complex Chromosome-And Chromatid-Type Aberrations. Toxicol in Vitro 54: 367-374.
  • Lemos BS, Maria-Luz Fernandez ML, Santos MESM 2018. Effects of Consuming Sweeteners on Metabolic Disorders. J Nut Food Res Technol 1:34-38.
  • Lin AJ, Zhang XH, Chen MM, Qing CAO 2007. Oxidative Stress and DNA Damages Induced by Cadmium Accumulation. J Environ Sci 19 (5): 596-602.
  • Mäkinen KK 2016. Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals. Int J Dent 1-16.
  • Mourelatos D 1996. Chromosome Study as Predictor of Chemoresponse of Tumors. Cancer J 9:136-141.
  • Mourelatos D 2016. Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay As A Predictor of Tumor Chemoresponse. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 803:1-12.
  • Negrini S, Gorgoulis VG, Halazonetis TD 2010. Genomic Instability-An Evolving Hallmark of Cancer. Nat Rev Mol 11 (3):220-228.
  • OECD 2016a. Test No. 473: In Vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • OECD 2016b. Test No. 487: In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Otabe A, Ohta F, Takumi A, Lynch B 2019. Mutagenicity and Genotoxicity Studies of Aspartame. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 103: 345-351.
  • Perry P, Wolff S 1974. New Giemsa Method for The Differential Staining of Sister Chromatids. Nature 51:156-158.
  • Rencuzogullari E, Tuylu BA, Topaktas M, Ila HB, Kayraldiz A, Arslan M, Budak Diler S 2004. Genotoxicity of Aspartame. Drug Chem Toxicol 27 (3): 257-268.
  • Ruiz-Ruiz B, Arellano-García ME, Radilla-Chávez P, Salas-Vargas DS, Toledano-Magaña Y, Casillas-Figueroa F, Vazquez-Gomez RL, Pestryakov A, García-Ramos JC, Bogdanchikova N 2020. Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Assay Using Human Lymphocytes as A Sensitive Tool for Cytotoxicity/Genotoxicity Evaluation of AgNPs. ACS Omega 5: 12005-12015.
  • Sasaki YF, Kawaguchi S, Kamaya A, Ohshita M, Kabasawa K, Iwama K, Taniguchi K, Tsuda S 2002. The Comet Assay with 8 Mouse Organs: Results with 39 Currently Used Food Additives. Mutat Res 519: 103-119.
  • Schneider EL, Lewis, J 1981. Aging and Sister Chromatid Exchange. VIII. Effect of the Aging Environment on Sister Chromatid Exchange Induction and Cell Cycle Kinetics in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells. A brief note. Mech Ageing Dev, 17(4):327-330.
  • Shim SM, Seo SH, Lee Y, Moon GI, Kim MS, Park JH 2011. Consumers’ Knowledge and Safety Perceptions of Food Additives. Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Transmitting Information on Preservatives. Food Control 22(7):1054-1060.
  • Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL 1988. A Simple Technique for Quantitation of Low Levels of DNA Damage in Individual Cells. Exp Cell Res 175 (1): 184-191.
  • Souto EB, Campos JR, Da Ana R, Martins-Gomes C, Silva AM, Souto SB, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Santini A 2020. Ocular Cell Lines and Genotoxicity Assessment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17 (6): 2046.
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Ece Avuloğlu Yılmaz 0000-0002-5164-3431

Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu 0000-0003-2756-7712

Fatma Ünal 0000-0002-7468-6186

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date September 10, 2021
Acceptance Date November 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 25 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Avuloğlu Yılmaz, E., Yüzbaşıoğlu, D., & Ünal, F. (2022). Investigating In Vitro Genotoxic Effects of Sweetener Xylitol. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(6), 1315-1325. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.993825

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