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Sowing Date Effect on Some Agro-Morphological Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L. indentata)

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 4, 845 - 853, 31.08.2023

Cem Tufan Akçalı , Hüseyin Gözübenli

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1122173

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine some agricultural characteristics of maize (Zea mays L. indentata) grown in different sowing dates under irrigated Mediterranean conditions. The study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in Hatay / Turkey, according to split-plots in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Four different sowing dates (March 1, March 15, April 1, and April 15) were in the main plots and three different commercial hybrid maize cultivars (77MAY35, DKC6630, P2088) were in the sub plots. It was determined that as the sowing date is delayed, the time to reach physiological maturity was shortened and plant height, ear height, thousand kernel weight, biomass yield and grain yield values of cultivars were significantly affected by environmental conditions changing depending on sowing dates. There were no statistically significant differences in grain yield between sowing dates and mean values determined as 1164.8, 1079.0, 1077.5, and 1058.7 kg da-1, in SD2, SD1, SD4, and SD3, respectively. It can be concluded that all of these varieties can be grown by sowing between March 1 and April 15 in regions with similar ecological conditions in the Mediterranean climate zone. Considering the fact that the aim in commercial production is to obtain the highest yield from the unit area, when evaluated in terms of grain yield, the second highest yielding sowing date (March 15) was chosen as the appropriate sowing date for our region.

Keywords

Maize Sowing date Biomass yield Harvest index Grain yield

Supporting Institution

HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNATÖRLÜĞÜ

Project Number

19D001

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Projects for supporting the Project 19.D.001 financially. This current study was a part of the PhD thesis of Dr. Akçalı.

References

  • Abdala, L.J., Gambin, B.L., & Borras, L. (2018). Sowing Date and Maize Grain Quality for Dry Milling. European Journal of Agronomy, 92, 1-8.
  • Alan, Ö., Sönmez, K., Budak, Z., Kutlu, İ., & Ayter, N.G. (2011). The Effect of Sowing Dates on Yield and Agricultural Characteristics of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) in Eskişehir Conditions. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 25(4), 34-41
  • Alexandrov, V.A. & Hoogenboom, G. (2000). The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Crop Yield in Bulgaria. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 104(4), 315-327.
  • Bollero, G.A., Bullock, D.G., & Hollinger, S.E. (1996). Soil Temperature and Planting Date Effects on Corn Yield, Leaf Area and Plant Development. Agronomy Journal, 88, 385-390.
  • Bonelli, L.E., Monzon, J.P., Cerrudo, A., Rizzalli, R.H., & Anrade, F.H. (2016). Maize Grain Yield Components and Source-Sink Relationship as Affected by the Delay in Sowing Time. Field Crops Research, 198, 215-225.
  • Cesurer, L. & Ünlü, İ. (2001). Investigation of Same Morphology and Agricultural Character of Second Crop Hybrid Corn Cultivars in Different Location. Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(1), 138-149.
  • Cirilo, A.G. & Andrade, F.H. (1994). Sowing Date and Maize Productivity. I. Crop Growth and Dry Matter Partitioning. Crop Sci., 34, 1039-1043.
  • FAO (2020). Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistical Databes. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en. (Accessed: 29 March 2021).
  • Geren, H., Avcıoğlu, R., Kır, B., Demiroğlu, G., Yılmaz, M., & Cevheri, A.C. (2003). Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Yield and Quality Characteristics of Some Maize Cultivars Grown as Second Crop for Silage. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 40(3), 57-64.
  • Gupta, S.C. (1985). Predicting Corn Planting Dates for Moldboard and No-Till Tillage Systems in the Corn Belt. Agronomy Journal, 77, 446-455.
  • Hunter, R.B., Tollenaar, M., & Breuer, C.M. (1977). Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Maize (Zea Mays) Hybrid. Can. J. Plant Sci., 57, 1127-1133.
  • Hütsch, B.W. & Schubert, S. (2017). Harvest Index of Maize (Zea Mays L.): Are There Possibilities for Improvement? In D.L. Sparks (Eds), Advances In Agronomy. Academic Press, 146:37-82, London.
  • Ion, V., Dicu, G., Dumbravă, M., Temocico, G., Alecu, I.N., Băşa, A.G., & State, D. (2015). Harvest Index at Maize in Different Growing Conditions. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 20(6), 10951-10960.
  • İdikut, L. (2013). The Effects of Light, Temperature and Salinity on Seed Germination of Three Maize Forms. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(4), 246-253.
  • Kaya, Ç. & Kuşaksız, T. (2012). Determination of Yield and Some Yield Components of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Cultivars Sown at Different Planting Times. Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 22(2), 48.
  • Koca, Y.O. & Erekul, O. (2011). The Determination of Performance of Some Hybrid Corn Varieties. Journal of Adnan Menderes University Agricultural Faculty, 8(2), 41-45.
  • Lauer, J.G., Carter, P.R., Wood, T.M., Diezel, G., Wiersma, D.W., Rand, R.E., & Mlynarek, M.J. (1999). Corn Hybrid Response to Planting Date in the Northern Corn Belt. Agronomy Journal, 91, 834-839.
  • Maresma, A., Ballesta, A., Santiveri, F., Lloveras, J. (2019). Sowing Date Affects Maize Development and Yield in Irrigated Mediterranean Environments. Agriculture, 9(3), 67.
  • Mendelsohn, R. (2000). Efficient Adaptation to Climate Change. Climatic Change, 45, 583-600.
  • Nielsen, B. (2018). Corn Grain Test Weight. Pest & Crop Newsletter. https://extension.entm.purdue. edu. (Accessed: 06 January 2021).
  • Özata, E., Geçit, H.H., Öz, A., & Ünver İkincikarakaya, S. (2013). Determination of Performance of Some Candidate Dent Corn under Main Crop Conditions. Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech, 3(1), 91-98.
  • Rankin, M. (2009). Understanding Corn Test Weight. https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu. (Accessed: 06 January 2020).
  • Singh, S.K., Reddy, K.R., Reddy, V.R., & Gao, W. (2014). Maize Growth and Developmental Responses to Temperature and Ultraviolet-B Radiation Interaction. Photosynthetica, 52(2), 262-271.
  • Sönmez, F. (2000). The Effects of Different Sowing Times on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Some Corn Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 17(1), 95-101.
  • Sönmez, F., Ülker, M., & Çiftçi, V. (2001). A Study on the Effects of Sowing in Different Dates on Green Matter Yield and Some Characteristics of Some Corn Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 18(1), 119-118.
  • Struik, P.C., Doorgeest, M., & Boonman, J.G. (1986). Environmental Effects on Flowering Characteristics and Kernel Set of Maize (Zea mays L.). Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 34, 469-484.
  • Swanson, S.P., Wilhelm, W.W. (1996). Planting Date and Residue Rate Effects on Growth, Partitioning and Yield of Corn. Agronomy Journal, 88, 205-210.
  • Topal, R. (2010). Responsibilities of Agricultural Industry Towards the Society. Trakya University Journal of Social Science, 12(1), 1-31.
  • Tsimbaa, R., Edmeades, G.O., Millner, J.P., Kemp, P.D. (2013). The Effect of Planting Date on Maize Grain Yields and Yield Components. Field Crops Research, 150, 135-144.
  • Turgut, İ. & Balcı, A. (2002). The Effects of Plant Density and Different Sowing Dates on Fresh Ear Weight and some Agricultural Characters of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) Grown Under Isparta Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludağ University, 16(2), 79-91.
  • TÜİK 2020. Turkey Statistical Institute. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr. (Accessed: 24.07.2020).
  • White, J.M. (1984). Effect of Plant Spacing and Planting Date on Sweet Corn Grown on Muck Soil in the Spring. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 97, 162-163.

Ekim Zamanının Mısırın (Zea mays L. indentata) Agro-Morfolojik Karakterleri Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 4, 845 - 853, 31.08.2023

Cem Tufan Akçalı , Hüseyin Gözübenli

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1122173

Abstract

Çalışmada, Akdeniz sulu koşullarında farklı ekim tarihlerinde yetiştirilen mısırın (Zea mays L. indentata) bazı tarımsal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında Hatay / Türkiye'de tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Ana parsellerde dört farklı ekim tarihi (1 Mart, 15 Mart, 1 Nisan, 15 Nisan), alt parsellerde ise üç farklı ticari hibrit mısır çeşidi (77MAY35, DKC6630, P2088) yer almıştır. Ekim tarihi geciktikçe bitkilerin fizyolojik olgunluğa ulaşma süresinin kısaldığı ve çeşitlerin bitki boyu, koçan uzunluğu, bin tane ağırlığı, biokütle verimi ve tane verimi değerlerinin ekim tarihlerine bağlı olarak değişen çevre koşullarından önemli ölçüde etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Ekim tarihlerinin tane verimine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmazken ortalama değerler ikinci, birinci, dördüncü ve üçüncü ekim zamanlarında sırasıyla 1164.8, 1079.0, 1077.5 and 1058.7 kg da-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Akdeniz iklim kuşağında benzer ekolojik koşullar gösteren bölgelerde 1 Mart ve 15 Nisan tarihleri arasında ekim yapılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ticari üretimin esas amacının birim alan başından yüksek verim almak olduğu düşünüldüğünde, tane verimleri yönünden değerlendirildiğinde, çalışmada en yüksek verim alınan ikinci ekim zamanı (15 Mart) bölgemiz için uygun ekim zamanı olarak seçilmiştir.

Keywords

Mısır Ekim zamanı Biokütle verimi Hasat indeksi Tane verimi

Project Number

19D001

References

  • Abdala, L.J., Gambin, B.L., & Borras, L. (2018). Sowing Date and Maize Grain Quality for Dry Milling. European Journal of Agronomy, 92, 1-8.
  • Alan, Ö., Sönmez, K., Budak, Z., Kutlu, İ., & Ayter, N.G. (2011). The Effect of Sowing Dates on Yield and Agricultural Characteristics of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) in Eskişehir Conditions. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 25(4), 34-41
  • Alexandrov, V.A. & Hoogenboom, G. (2000). The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Crop Yield in Bulgaria. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 104(4), 315-327.
  • Bollero, G.A., Bullock, D.G., & Hollinger, S.E. (1996). Soil Temperature and Planting Date Effects on Corn Yield, Leaf Area and Plant Development. Agronomy Journal, 88, 385-390.
  • Bonelli, L.E., Monzon, J.P., Cerrudo, A., Rizzalli, R.H., & Anrade, F.H. (2016). Maize Grain Yield Components and Source-Sink Relationship as Affected by the Delay in Sowing Time. Field Crops Research, 198, 215-225.
  • Cesurer, L. & Ünlü, İ. (2001). Investigation of Same Morphology and Agricultural Character of Second Crop Hybrid Corn Cultivars in Different Location. Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(1), 138-149.
  • Cirilo, A.G. & Andrade, F.H. (1994). Sowing Date and Maize Productivity. I. Crop Growth and Dry Matter Partitioning. Crop Sci., 34, 1039-1043.
  • FAO (2020). Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistical Databes. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en. (Accessed: 29 March 2021).
  • Geren, H., Avcıoğlu, R., Kır, B., Demiroğlu, G., Yılmaz, M., & Cevheri, A.C. (2003). Effect of Different Sowing Dates on the Yield and Quality Characteristics of Some Maize Cultivars Grown as Second Crop for Silage. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 40(3), 57-64.
  • Gupta, S.C. (1985). Predicting Corn Planting Dates for Moldboard and No-Till Tillage Systems in the Corn Belt. Agronomy Journal, 77, 446-455.
  • Hunter, R.B., Tollenaar, M., & Breuer, C.M. (1977). Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Maize (Zea Mays) Hybrid. Can. J. Plant Sci., 57, 1127-1133.
  • Hütsch, B.W. & Schubert, S. (2017). Harvest Index of Maize (Zea Mays L.): Are There Possibilities for Improvement? In D.L. Sparks (Eds), Advances In Agronomy. Academic Press, 146:37-82, London.
  • Ion, V., Dicu, G., Dumbravă, M., Temocico, G., Alecu, I.N., Băşa, A.G., & State, D. (2015). Harvest Index at Maize in Different Growing Conditions. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 20(6), 10951-10960.
  • İdikut, L. (2013). The Effects of Light, Temperature and Salinity on Seed Germination of Three Maize Forms. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(4), 246-253.
  • Kaya, Ç. & Kuşaksız, T. (2012). Determination of Yield and Some Yield Components of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Cultivars Sown at Different Planting Times. Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 22(2), 48.
  • Koca, Y.O. & Erekul, O. (2011). The Determination of Performance of Some Hybrid Corn Varieties. Journal of Adnan Menderes University Agricultural Faculty, 8(2), 41-45.
  • Lauer, J.G., Carter, P.R., Wood, T.M., Diezel, G., Wiersma, D.W., Rand, R.E., & Mlynarek, M.J. (1999). Corn Hybrid Response to Planting Date in the Northern Corn Belt. Agronomy Journal, 91, 834-839.
  • Maresma, A., Ballesta, A., Santiveri, F., Lloveras, J. (2019). Sowing Date Affects Maize Development and Yield in Irrigated Mediterranean Environments. Agriculture, 9(3), 67.
  • Mendelsohn, R. (2000). Efficient Adaptation to Climate Change. Climatic Change, 45, 583-600.
  • Nielsen, B. (2018). Corn Grain Test Weight. Pest & Crop Newsletter. https://extension.entm.purdue. edu. (Accessed: 06 January 2021).
  • Özata, E., Geçit, H.H., Öz, A., & Ünver İkincikarakaya, S. (2013). Determination of Performance of Some Candidate Dent Corn under Main Crop Conditions. Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech, 3(1), 91-98.
  • Rankin, M. (2009). Understanding Corn Test Weight. https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu. (Accessed: 06 January 2020).
  • Singh, S.K., Reddy, K.R., Reddy, V.R., & Gao, W. (2014). Maize Growth and Developmental Responses to Temperature and Ultraviolet-B Radiation Interaction. Photosynthetica, 52(2), 262-271.
  • Sönmez, F. (2000). The Effects of Different Sowing Times on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Some Corn Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 17(1), 95-101.
  • Sönmez, F., Ülker, M., & Çiftçi, V. (2001). A Study on the Effects of Sowing in Different Dates on Green Matter Yield and Some Characteristics of Some Corn Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 18(1), 119-118.
  • Struik, P.C., Doorgeest, M., & Boonman, J.G. (1986). Environmental Effects on Flowering Characteristics and Kernel Set of Maize (Zea mays L.). Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 34, 469-484.
  • Swanson, S.P., Wilhelm, W.W. (1996). Planting Date and Residue Rate Effects on Growth, Partitioning and Yield of Corn. Agronomy Journal, 88, 205-210.
  • Topal, R. (2010). Responsibilities of Agricultural Industry Towards the Society. Trakya University Journal of Social Science, 12(1), 1-31.
  • Tsimbaa, R., Edmeades, G.O., Millner, J.P., Kemp, P.D. (2013). The Effect of Planting Date on Maize Grain Yields and Yield Components. Field Crops Research, 150, 135-144.
  • Turgut, İ. & Balcı, A. (2002). The Effects of Plant Density and Different Sowing Dates on Fresh Ear Weight and some Agricultural Characters of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) Grown Under Isparta Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludağ University, 16(2), 79-91.
  • TÜİK 2020. Turkey Statistical Institute. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr. (Accessed: 24.07.2020).
  • White, J.M. (1984). Effect of Plant Spacing and Planting Date on Sweet Corn Grown on Muck Soil in the Spring. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 97, 162-163.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Cem Tufan Akçalı 0000-0002-5961-8513

Hüseyin Gözübenli 0000-0003-4799-5749

Project Number 19D001
Early Pub Date May 15, 2023
Publication Date August 31, 2023
Submission Date May 27, 2022
Acceptance Date January 10, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 26 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Akçalı, C. T., & Gözübenli, H. (2023). Sowing Date Effect on Some Agro-Morphological Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L. indentata). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(4), 845-853. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1122173
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