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Morphological Characterization of Some Capia Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 6, 1332 - 1342, 07.11.2024

Ayşe Nur Şavkan , Hakan Başak , Önder Türkmen

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1440798

Abstract

Capsicum annuum (Capia), a member of the Solanaceae family, has a rich genetic diversity in fruit and plant traits. To select Capia pepper genotypes with desirable morphological traits for the development of new hybrid capia pepper varieties, this study aimed to characterize genetic accessions generated from local populations, and standard and hybrid cultivars using morphological characters. One hundred and twelve genotypes were identified using 15 morphological traits (11 qualitative and 4 quantitative) and quantitative traits were measured while qualitative traits were observed. Cluster and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the relationship between the lines identified as a result of single plant selection. As a result of the cluster analysis, a dendrogram was prepared to evaluate the morphological similarity between the lines, and nineteen groups were identified based on 15 variables. In Principal Component Analysis, six PC axes explained 66.2% of the total variation. As a result of the study, high morphological variability was observed among pepper lines. This evaluation of plant trait variability can assist geneticists and breeders in identifying populations with desirable characteristics for inclusion in pepper breeding programs.

Keywords

Capia Pepper Morphological Characterization Gene collection

References

  • Agyare, R.Y., Akromah, R. & Abdulaic, M.S. (2016). Assessment of genetic diversity in pepper (Capsicum Sp.) landraces from Ghana using agro-morphological characters. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 12(1), 1-16. DOI: 10.9734/AJEA/2016/25186.
  • Anonymous, (2023). Mahalanobis uzaklığı ve aykırı değer tespiti, https://www.istmer.com/mahalanobis-uzakligi-ve-aykiri-deger-tespiti/. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.01.2023).
  • Başak, H. (2019). Kırşehir yerel sivri biber (Capsicum annuum L. Var. Longum) populasyonlarının agronomik ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 22(2), 202-216.
  • Bedjaoui, H., Boulelouah, N., Mehaoua, M. & Baississe, S. (2022). Exploring agro-morphological diversity of algerian hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions using multivariate statistics. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 34(10). https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2022.v34.i10.2939.
  • Belay, F., Abate, B. & Tsehaye, Y. (2019). Genetic diversity studies for morphological traits of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes in Central Zone of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research 14(33), 1674-1684. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2019.14256
  • Bozkalfa, M.K., Aşcıoğlu, T.K. & Eşiyok, D. (2017). Biber genotiplerinin genetik çeşitliliklerinin Srap markörleri kullanılarak belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 32(3), 321-329. Doi:10.7161/omuanajas.284511.
  • Çetin, A.N. (2023). Bazı Kapya Biber Genotiplerinin TSWV (Domates Lekeli Solgunluk Virüsü) ve TMV(Tütün Mozaik Virüs)'ye Dayanım Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi ve Heterotik Gruplarının Oluşturulması (Tez no 800049). [Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Düzyaman, E. & Vural, H. (2002). Farklı ekocoğrafik kökenli bamya genotiplerinin morfolojik varyabilitesi üzerinde bir araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 39(2), 17–24. ISSN 1018-8851
  • Faostat, (2022). Food and agriculture organization of the united nations statistical database Rome, http://www.Faostat.fao.org. (Erişim Tarihi: 5.10.2023).
  • Ferdousi, J., Zakaria, M., Hoque, M., Saha, S., Ivy, N. & Hossain, M. (2021). Morphological characterization of twenty one sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes collected from native and alien sources. European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2(5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.5.254
  • Gerrano, A.S., Jansen van Rensburg, W.S., Adebola, P.O., Mavengahama, S., Bairu, M. & Venter, S. (2017). Qualitative morphological diversity of Amaranthus species. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 55(1), 12-20.
  • Gomes, F., Pimenta, S., Silva, T., Matos, I., Custódio, G., Paula, A., … & Oliveira, G. (2022). Morphological characterization and estimates of genetic parameters in peppers with ornamental potential. Journal of Agricultural Science 14(5), 66. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n5p66
  • Hernández-Pérez, T., Gómez-García, M., Valverde, M. & Paredes-López, O. (2020). Capsicum annuum (hot pepper): An Ancient Latin‐American crop with outstanding bioactive compounds and nutraceutical potential, a review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 19(6), 2972-2993. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12634
  • Kanal, A. & Balkaya, A. (2021). Capsicum baccatum türüne ait biber popülasyonunun karakterizasyonu ve morfolojik varyasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 26(2), 278-291. DOI: 10.37908/mkutbd.889523.
  • Karaca, M. (2013). Isozymes as biochemical markers in plant genetics. International Journal of Agri Science 3(11), 851-861, ISSN: 2228-6322.
  • Khan, M., Shehzad, T., Ahmed, M., Bashir, S. & Hamid, A. (2020). Morphological and agronomic characterization of (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasm in Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology 9(2). https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90168.
  • Lima, J., Rêgo, E., Porcino, M., Silva, G., Carvalho, M., Pessoa, A., … & Rêgo, M. (2019). Selection in base population of ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 31(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2019/v31i330074
  • Mady, E.A., Uguru, M.I. & Ugwoke, K.I. (2005). Interrelations of growth and disease expression in pepper using principal component analysis. Proceedings of 30th Annual National Conference of Genetic Society of Nigeria. - 59pp.
  • Masi, L., Siviero, P., Castaldo, D., Cautela, D., Esposito, C. & Laratta, B. (2007). Agronomic, chemical and genetic profiles of hot peppers (Capsicum annuum ssp.). Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 51(8), 1053-1062. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600233
  • Minitab, (2016). Minitab statistics software (16.00) for cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). Available at: www.minitab.com. (Accessed Date: September 25,2023).
  • Mohammadi, S. A. & Prassana, B. M. (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants-salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Sci. 43, 1235–1248. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1235.
  • Olatunji, T.L. & Afolayan, A.J. (2018). Contributions to the classification of Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L. in West Africa using morphological traits. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47(1), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47111204.
  • Oyelakin, A.S., Olabiyi, D.O., Wang, L., Cao, Y. & Idehen, E.O. (2019). Genetic diversity of Capsicum L. accessions from Southwest Nigeria using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 42(4), 1273–1288. ISSN: 1511-3701.
  • Özdamar, K. (2004). Paket programlar ile istatiksel veri analizi (Çok Değişkenli Analizler), Kaan Kitabevi, p. 502.
  • Ranjit, K.G., Tanee, S., Sutkhet, N. & Chalermpol, P. (2013). Phenotypic variation and the relationships among jute (Corchorus Species) genotypes using morpho-agronomic traits and multivariate analysis. Australian Journalof Crop Science 7(6), 830-842.
  • Rivera Martinez, A., Terren Poves, L., Rodriguez Bao, J., Andres-Ares, J. & Fernandez Paz, J. (2004). Characterization of local pepper lines from Northwest Spain. Capsicum & Eggplant Newsletter 23, 25-28.
  • Şahin, M., Yetişir, H. & Pinar, H. (2022). Morphological characterization of some besni pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes in Kayseri conditions. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 6(1), 152-164. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2022.1.20
  • Santos, T., Moulin, M., Rangel, L., Pirovani, R., Valadares, F., Almeida, R., … & Silva, L. (2019). Characterization and diversity of peppers (Capsicum Spp.) genotypes based on morphological traits using multivariate analysis. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 39(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2019/v39i130325 .
  • Singh, R.J. (2006). Genetic resources, chromosome engineering and crop improvement. Vegetable Crops. Volume 3, CRC Press. ISBN-10: 0-8493-9646-8.
  • Sunday, O., Olabiyi, D., Chiamaka, A. & Oluwatobiloba, O. (2021). Morphological characterization on accessions of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L.) cultivated in Nigeria. Feddes Repertorium 132(4), 346-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.202000020 .
  • Taia, W.K. (2005). Modern trends in plant taxonomy. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 4(2), 184–206. ISSN: 1682-3974.
  • Taş, K. (2020). Capsicum chinense Türüne Ait Biber Genotiplerinin Morfolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu (Tez no 636586). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Tripodi, P., Rabanus-Wallace, M., Barchi, L., Kale, S., Esposito, S., Acquadro, A., … & Stein, N. (2021). Global range expansion history of pepper (Capsicum spp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118(34). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2104315118.
  • Tüik, (2023). Türkiye Biber Üretim Verileri, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/getkategori?P=tarim-111&dil=1. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.01. 2023).
  • Upov, (2006). Capsicum annuum L., Internatıonal Unıon For The Protectıon of New Varıetıes of Plants, https://www.upov.int/portal/index.html.en. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.01. 2023).
  • Weerakoon, S.R. & Somaratne, S. (2010). Agro-morphological characterization and relationships amoung mustard germplasm (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) in Sri Lanka: A classification tree approach. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5(2), 89–97.

Bazı Kapya Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotiplerinin Morfolojik Karekterizasyonu

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 6, 1332 - 1342, 07.11.2024

Ayşe Nur Şavkan , Hakan Başak , Önder Türkmen

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1440798

Abstract

Bazı Kapya Biber(Capsicum annuum L.) Genotiplerinin Morfolojik Karekterizasyonu
ÖZET: Solanaceae familyasının bir üyesi olan Capsicum annuum (Capia), meyve ve bitki özellikleri bakımından zengin bir genetik çeşitliliğe sahiptir. Bu çalışma, yeni hibrit kapya biber çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi için arzu edilen morfolojik özelliklere sahip kapya biber genotiplerini seçmek amacıyla morfolojik karakterler kullanarak yerel popülasyonlar, standart ve hibrit çeşitlerden oluşturulan genetik havuzu karakterize etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Yüz on iki genotip 15 morfolojik (11 kalitatif ve 4 kantitatif) karakter kullanılarak karakterize edilmiş ve kalitatif karakterler gözlemlenirken kantitatif karakterler ölçülmüştür. Tek bitki seleksiyonu sonucunda belirlenen hatlar arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için Küme ve Temel Bileşen Analizi (PCA) uygulanmıştır. Yapılan küme analizi sonucunda hatlar arasındaki morfolojik benzerliği değerlendirmek için dendrogram oluşturulmuş ve 15 değişkene dayalı olarak on dokuz grup belirlenmiştir. Temel bileşenler analizinde ise 6 PC ekseni toplam varyasyonun %66,2' sini açıklamıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, biber hatları arasında yüksek morfolojik varyasyon tespit edilmiştir. Bitki özelliklerinde ki varyabilitenin değerlendirmesi, genetikçilere ve ıslahçılara biber ıslah programlarına dahil etmek üzere arzu edilen özelliklere sahip popülasyonların belirlemelerinde yardımcı olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kapya biber, Morfolojik karekterizasyon, Gen koleksiyonu

Keywords

Morfolojik Karekterizasyonu Kapya biber Gen koleksiyonu

References

  • Agyare, R.Y., Akromah, R. & Abdulaic, M.S. (2016). Assessment of genetic diversity in pepper (Capsicum Sp.) landraces from Ghana using agro-morphological characters. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 12(1), 1-16. DOI: 10.9734/AJEA/2016/25186.
  • Anonymous, (2023). Mahalanobis uzaklığı ve aykırı değer tespiti, https://www.istmer.com/mahalanobis-uzakligi-ve-aykiri-deger-tespiti/. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.01.2023).
  • Başak, H. (2019). Kırşehir yerel sivri biber (Capsicum annuum L. Var. Longum) populasyonlarının agronomik ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 22(2), 202-216.
  • Bedjaoui, H., Boulelouah, N., Mehaoua, M. & Baississe, S. (2022). Exploring agro-morphological diversity of algerian hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions using multivariate statistics. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 34(10). https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2022.v34.i10.2939.
  • Belay, F., Abate, B. & Tsehaye, Y. (2019). Genetic diversity studies for morphological traits of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes in Central Zone of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research 14(33), 1674-1684. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2019.14256
  • Bozkalfa, M.K., Aşcıoğlu, T.K. & Eşiyok, D. (2017). Biber genotiplerinin genetik çeşitliliklerinin Srap markörleri kullanılarak belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 32(3), 321-329. Doi:10.7161/omuanajas.284511.
  • Çetin, A.N. (2023). Bazı Kapya Biber Genotiplerinin TSWV (Domates Lekeli Solgunluk Virüsü) ve TMV(Tütün Mozaik Virüs)'ye Dayanım Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi ve Heterotik Gruplarının Oluşturulması (Tez no 800049). [Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Düzyaman, E. & Vural, H. (2002). Farklı ekocoğrafik kökenli bamya genotiplerinin morfolojik varyabilitesi üzerinde bir araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 39(2), 17–24. ISSN 1018-8851
  • Faostat, (2022). Food and agriculture organization of the united nations statistical database Rome, http://www.Faostat.fao.org. (Erişim Tarihi: 5.10.2023).
  • Ferdousi, J., Zakaria, M., Hoque, M., Saha, S., Ivy, N. & Hossain, M. (2021). Morphological characterization of twenty one sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes collected from native and alien sources. European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2(5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.5.254
  • Gerrano, A.S., Jansen van Rensburg, W.S., Adebola, P.O., Mavengahama, S., Bairu, M. & Venter, S. (2017). Qualitative morphological diversity of Amaranthus species. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 55(1), 12-20.
  • Gomes, F., Pimenta, S., Silva, T., Matos, I., Custódio, G., Paula, A., … & Oliveira, G. (2022). Morphological characterization and estimates of genetic parameters in peppers with ornamental potential. Journal of Agricultural Science 14(5), 66. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n5p66
  • Hernández-Pérez, T., Gómez-García, M., Valverde, M. & Paredes-López, O. (2020). Capsicum annuum (hot pepper): An Ancient Latin‐American crop with outstanding bioactive compounds and nutraceutical potential, a review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 19(6), 2972-2993. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12634
  • Kanal, A. & Balkaya, A. (2021). Capsicum baccatum türüne ait biber popülasyonunun karakterizasyonu ve morfolojik varyasyon düzeyinin belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 26(2), 278-291. DOI: 10.37908/mkutbd.889523.
  • Karaca, M. (2013). Isozymes as biochemical markers in plant genetics. International Journal of Agri Science 3(11), 851-861, ISSN: 2228-6322.
  • Khan, M., Shehzad, T., Ahmed, M., Bashir, S. & Hamid, A. (2020). Morphological and agronomic characterization of (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasm in Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology 9(2). https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90168.
  • Lima, J., Rêgo, E., Porcino, M., Silva, G., Carvalho, M., Pessoa, A., … & Rêgo, M. (2019). Selection in base population of ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 31(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2019/v31i330074
  • Mady, E.A., Uguru, M.I. & Ugwoke, K.I. (2005). Interrelations of growth and disease expression in pepper using principal component analysis. Proceedings of 30th Annual National Conference of Genetic Society of Nigeria. - 59pp.
  • Masi, L., Siviero, P., Castaldo, D., Cautela, D., Esposito, C. & Laratta, B. (2007). Agronomic, chemical and genetic profiles of hot peppers (Capsicum annuum ssp.). Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 51(8), 1053-1062. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600233
  • Minitab, (2016). Minitab statistics software (16.00) for cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). Available at: www.minitab.com. (Accessed Date: September 25,2023).
  • Mohammadi, S. A. & Prassana, B. M. (2003). Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants-salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Sci. 43, 1235–1248. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1235.
  • Olatunji, T.L. & Afolayan, A.J. (2018). Contributions to the classification of Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L. in West Africa using morphological traits. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47(1), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47111204.
  • Oyelakin, A.S., Olabiyi, D.O., Wang, L., Cao, Y. & Idehen, E.O. (2019). Genetic diversity of Capsicum L. accessions from Southwest Nigeria using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 42(4), 1273–1288. ISSN: 1511-3701.
  • Özdamar, K. (2004). Paket programlar ile istatiksel veri analizi (Çok Değişkenli Analizler), Kaan Kitabevi, p. 502.
  • Ranjit, K.G., Tanee, S., Sutkhet, N. & Chalermpol, P. (2013). Phenotypic variation and the relationships among jute (Corchorus Species) genotypes using morpho-agronomic traits and multivariate analysis. Australian Journalof Crop Science 7(6), 830-842.
  • Rivera Martinez, A., Terren Poves, L., Rodriguez Bao, J., Andres-Ares, J. & Fernandez Paz, J. (2004). Characterization of local pepper lines from Northwest Spain. Capsicum & Eggplant Newsletter 23, 25-28.
  • Şahin, M., Yetişir, H. & Pinar, H. (2022). Morphological characterization of some besni pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes in Kayseri conditions. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 6(1), 152-164. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2022.1.20
  • Santos, T., Moulin, M., Rangel, L., Pirovani, R., Valadares, F., Almeida, R., … & Silva, L. (2019). Characterization and diversity of peppers (Capsicum Spp.) genotypes based on morphological traits using multivariate analysis. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 39(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2019/v39i130325 .
  • Singh, R.J. (2006). Genetic resources, chromosome engineering and crop improvement. Vegetable Crops. Volume 3, CRC Press. ISBN-10: 0-8493-9646-8.
  • Sunday, O., Olabiyi, D., Chiamaka, A. & Oluwatobiloba, O. (2021). Morphological characterization on accessions of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L.) cultivated in Nigeria. Feddes Repertorium 132(4), 346-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.202000020 .
  • Taia, W.K. (2005). Modern trends in plant taxonomy. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 4(2), 184–206. ISSN: 1682-3974.
  • Taş, K. (2020). Capsicum chinense Türüne Ait Biber Genotiplerinin Morfolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu (Tez no 636586). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Tripodi, P., Rabanus-Wallace, M., Barchi, L., Kale, S., Esposito, S., Acquadro, A., … & Stein, N. (2021). Global range expansion history of pepper (Capsicum spp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118(34). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2104315118.
  • Tüik, (2023). Türkiye Biber Üretim Verileri, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/getkategori?P=tarim-111&dil=1. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.01. 2023).
  • Upov, (2006). Capsicum annuum L., Internatıonal Unıon For The Protectıon of New Varıetıes of Plants, https://www.upov.int/portal/index.html.en. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.01. 2023).
  • Weerakoon, S.R. & Somaratne, S. (2010). Agro-morphological characterization and relationships amoung mustard germplasm (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) in Sri Lanka: A classification tree approach. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5(2), 89–97.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Vegetable Growing and Treatment
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Ayşe Nur Şavkan 0000-0002-0826-1243

Hakan Başak 0000-0002-1128-4059

Önder Türkmen 0000-0003-3218-6551

Early Pub Date August 15, 2024
Publication Date November 7, 2024
Submission Date February 21, 2024
Acceptance Date May 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 27 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Şavkan, A. N., Başak, H., & Türkmen, Ö. (2024). Morphological Characterization of Some Capia Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(6), 1332-1342. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1440798
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