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Post-feeding behaviors of newborn and peak lactation dairy cows

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 886 - 892

Cemil Tölü , Kader Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1620742

Abstract

This study compared the behavioral characteristics of newborn and peak lactation dairy cows in the barn after feeding. The study used 10 newborn and 10 peak lactation Holstein cows. Behavior was directly observed for 10 consecutive days between 11:00-13:00 at five-minute intervals using the time sampling method. After the morning feeding, eating, lying down, locomotion, lying and standing rumination, friendly interaction, and abnormal stereotypic behavior of newborn and peak dairy cattle were significantly different (P≤0.05). Cows in the peak period (33.7%) showed more feeding behavior than cows in the neonatal period (12.4%) (P=0.0001). Lying behavior was 21.9% in the neonatal group and 15.7% in the peak group (P=0.0561). Locomotion behavior was 12.3% in the neonatal group and 17.1% in the peak group (P=0.0028). Lying rumination was 19.8% in the newborn group and 8.7% in the peak group (P=0.0022). Standing rumination was significantly different in the neonate (8.2%) and peak (1.2%) groups (P=0.0008). In conclusion, it was observed that the transition and peak periods in dairy cattle caused differences in the behavioral characteristics of the animals. It can be said that the behavioral differences between the two groups, in which different physiological and metabolic reactions occur, may be due to the differences in the roughage/concentrate ratio in the daily rations and the visits to the feeders and activities due to the continuation of the feeding behavior.

Keywords

Holstein Daily milk yield Daily ration Feeding Rumination with lying

References

  • Albright, J.L. (1993). Feeding behavior in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 76, 485-498. Arave, C.W. & Albright, J.L. (1981). Cattle behavior. J Dairy Sci. 64, 1318-1329.
  • Bell, A.W. (1995). Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. J Anim. Sci. 73, 2804-2819.
  • Cattaneo, L., Piccioli-Cappelli, F., Minuti, A. & Trevisi, E. (2023). Metabolic and physiological adaptations to first and second lactation in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 106(5), 3559–3575. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22684
  • Cooper, M.D., Arney, D.R. & Phillips, C.J.C. (2007). Two-or four-hour lying deprivation on the behavior of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 1149-1158.
  • Dado, R.G. & Allen, M.S. (1994). Variation in and relationship among feeding, chewing, and drinking variables for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77, 132-144.
  • DeVries, T.J. & Keyserlingk, M.A.G. (2008). Understanding cow behaviour from a nutritional perspective. Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, 13-22. 22-23 April USA.
  • DeVries, T.J., von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Weary, D.M. & Beauchemin, K.A. (2003). Measuring the feeding behavior of lactating dairy cows in early to peak lactation. J Dairy Sci. 86(10), 3354-3361. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73938-1.
  • Fregonesi, J.A., Tucker, C.B. & Weary, D.M. (2007). Overstocking reduces lying time in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 90, 3349-3354.
  • Goff, J.P. & Horst, R.L. (1997). Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders. J Dairy Sci. 80, 1260-1268.
  • Grummer, R.R. (1995). Impact of Changes in Organic Nutrient Metabolism on Feeding the Transition Dairy Cow. J Dairy Sci. 73, 2820-2833.
  • Hutjens, M.F. (2016). Dry-Lot Dairy Cow Breeds, Editor(s): Paul L.H. McSweeney, John P. McNamara, Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (Third Edition), Academic Press, p.234-241,ISBN 9780128187678, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.00706-X.
  • Huzzey, J.M., Keyserlingk, M.A.G. & Weary, D.M. (2005). Changes in feeding, drinking, and standing behavior of dairy cows during the transition period. J. Dairy Sci. 88(7), 2454-2461.
  • Johnston, C. & DeVeries, T.J. (2018). Associations of feeding behavior and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 101(4), 3367-3373.
  • Keyserlingk, M.A.G. & Weary, D.M. (2011). Identifying transition cows at risk and how best to manage them. tri-state dairy nutrition conference, 45-54. 19-20 April, USA.
  • LeBlanc, S.J., Lissemore, K.D., Kelton, D.F., Duffield, T.F., & Leslie, K.E. (2006). Major advances in disease prevention in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 89(4), 1267–1279. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72195-6
  • Maekawa, M., Beauchemin, K.A. & Christensen, D.A. (2002). Chewing activity, saliva production, and ruminal ph of primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 85,1176-1182.
  • Miller, K. & Wood-Gush, D.G.M. (1991). Some Effects of housing on the social behaviour of dairy cows. Anim. Prod. 53, 271-278.
  • Neave, H.W., Lomb, J., von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Behnam-Shabahang, A. & Weary, D.M. (2017). Parity differences in the behavior of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 100(1), 548-561. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10987.
  • Nielsen, B.L. (1999). On the interpretation of feeding behaviour measures and the use of feeding rate as an indicator of social restraint. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 63, 79-91.
  • NRC. (1989). Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. National Research Council. Sixth Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
  • NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. National Research Council. Seventh Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
  • Overton, T.R. & Waldron, M.R. (2004). Nutritional Management of Transition Dairy Cows: Strategies to Optimize Metabolic Health. J Dairy Sci. 87(E. Suppl.), E105-E119.
  • Peiter, M., Phillips, H.N. & Endres, M.I. (2021). Association between early postpartum rumination time and peak milk yield in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 104(5), 5898–5908. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19698
  • Redbo, I., Jacobsson, K.G., van Doom, C. & Pettersson, G. (1992). A note on relations between oral stereotypies in dairy cows and milk production, health and age. Animal Science 54(1), 166-168.
  • SAS, (1999). SAS/STAT User's Guide: Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  • Schirmann, K., Chapinal, N., Weary, D.M., Heuwieser, W. & Keyserlingk, M.A.G. (2012). Rumination and its relationship to feeding and lying behavior in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 85, 1176-1182.
  • Sowell, B.F., Branine, M.E., Bowman, J.G.P., Hubbert M.E., Sherwood, H.EE. & Quimby, W. (1999). Feeding and watering behavior of healthy and morbid steers in a commercial feedlot. J Anim. Sci. 77, 1105-1112.
  • Tölü, C., & Savaş, T. (2007). A brief report on intra-species aggressive biting in a goat herd. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 102, 124-129.
  • Tüzemen, N. & Tankal, M. (2025). The effect of some environmental factors on peak milk yield in Holstein cattle. KSU J. Agric Nat 27 (Suppl 1), 276-286. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1481215.
  • Walsh, S., Delaby, L., Kennedy, M., Galvin, N., McKay, Z.C. & Egan, M. (2024). Intake profile, milk production, and energy balance of early-lactation spring-calving Holstein Friesian and Jersey × Holstein Friesian dairy cows in high-utilization pasture-based systems. J Dairy Sci. 107, 8058–8071.

Yeni Doğuran ve Pik Dönemindeki Süt Sığırlarının Beslenme Sonrası Davranışları

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 886 - 892

Cemil Tölü , Kader Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1620742

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yeni doğuran ve laktasyonun pik dönemindeki süt sığırlarının yemleme sonrasında barınak içindeki davranış özellikleri karşılaştırmalı olarak irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada, 10 yeni doğuran ve 10 pik dönemindeki Siyah Alaca (Holstein) sığırlarından yararlanılmıştır. Davranışlar ardışık 10 gün boyunca 11:00-13:00 arasında beşer dakika aralıklılarla zaman örneklemesi yöntemiyle doğrudan gözlenmiştir. Sabah yemleme sonrasında yeni doğuran ve pik dönemlerinde bulunan süt sığırlarının beslenme, yatma, lokomosyon, yatarak ve ayakta geviş getirme, arkadaşça etkileşim ve anormal stereotipik davranışları önemli ölçüde farklılaşmıştır (P≤0.05). Pik (%33.7) dönemindeki sığırlar yeni doğuran (%12.4) dönemindeki sığırlardan daha fazla beslenme davranışı göstermiştir (P=0.0001). Yeni doğuran grubunda yatma davranışı ortalama %21.9, pik grubunda ortalama %15.7 olmuştur (P=0.0561). Dikilme davranışı benzer gerçekleşen gruplarda, lokomosyon davranışı yeni doğuran grubunda %12.3, pik grubunda ise %17.1 olarak saptanmıştır (P=0.0028). Yatarak geviş getirme davranışı yeni doğuran grubunda ortalama %19.8, pik grubunda ortalama %8.7 olmuştur (P=0.0022). Ayakta geviş getirme davranışı yeni doğuran (%8.2) ve pik (%1.2) grubuna göre önemli ölçüde farklılık göstermiştir (P=0.0008). Sonuçta, süt sığırları için geçiş dönemi ve pik dönemlerinin hayvanların davranış özelliklerinde farklılığa neden olduğu görülmüştür. Farklı fizyolojik ve metabolik reaksiyonların gerçekleştiği iki grup davranış farklılıklarının en önemli kaynağının beslenme davranışının devam etmesine bağlı yemlik ziyareti ve aktiviteleri ile günlük rasyonlarındaki kaba/kesif yem oranı farklılığından olduğu söylenebilir.

Keywords

Günlük süt verimi Günlük rasyon Yemleme Yatarak geviş getirme Siyah Alaca

References

  • Albright, J.L. (1993). Feeding behavior in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 76, 485-498. Arave, C.W. & Albright, J.L. (1981). Cattle behavior. J Dairy Sci. 64, 1318-1329.
  • Bell, A.W. (1995). Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. J Anim. Sci. 73, 2804-2819.
  • Cattaneo, L., Piccioli-Cappelli, F., Minuti, A. & Trevisi, E. (2023). Metabolic and physiological adaptations to first and second lactation in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 106(5), 3559–3575. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22684
  • Cooper, M.D., Arney, D.R. & Phillips, C.J.C. (2007). Two-or four-hour lying deprivation on the behavior of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 1149-1158.
  • Dado, R.G. & Allen, M.S. (1994). Variation in and relationship among feeding, chewing, and drinking variables for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77, 132-144.
  • DeVries, T.J. & Keyserlingk, M.A.G. (2008). Understanding cow behaviour from a nutritional perspective. Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, 13-22. 22-23 April USA.
  • DeVries, T.J., von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Weary, D.M. & Beauchemin, K.A. (2003). Measuring the feeding behavior of lactating dairy cows in early to peak lactation. J Dairy Sci. 86(10), 3354-3361. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73938-1.
  • Fregonesi, J.A., Tucker, C.B. & Weary, D.M. (2007). Overstocking reduces lying time in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 90, 3349-3354.
  • Goff, J.P. & Horst, R.L. (1997). Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders. J Dairy Sci. 80, 1260-1268.
  • Grummer, R.R. (1995). Impact of Changes in Organic Nutrient Metabolism on Feeding the Transition Dairy Cow. J Dairy Sci. 73, 2820-2833.
  • Hutjens, M.F. (2016). Dry-Lot Dairy Cow Breeds, Editor(s): Paul L.H. McSweeney, John P. McNamara, Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (Third Edition), Academic Press, p.234-241,ISBN 9780128187678, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.00706-X.
  • Huzzey, J.M., Keyserlingk, M.A.G. & Weary, D.M. (2005). Changes in feeding, drinking, and standing behavior of dairy cows during the transition period. J. Dairy Sci. 88(7), 2454-2461.
  • Johnston, C. & DeVeries, T.J. (2018). Associations of feeding behavior and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 101(4), 3367-3373.
  • Keyserlingk, M.A.G. & Weary, D.M. (2011). Identifying transition cows at risk and how best to manage them. tri-state dairy nutrition conference, 45-54. 19-20 April, USA.
  • LeBlanc, S.J., Lissemore, K.D., Kelton, D.F., Duffield, T.F., & Leslie, K.E. (2006). Major advances in disease prevention in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 89(4), 1267–1279. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72195-6
  • Maekawa, M., Beauchemin, K.A. & Christensen, D.A. (2002). Chewing activity, saliva production, and ruminal ph of primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 85,1176-1182.
  • Miller, K. & Wood-Gush, D.G.M. (1991). Some Effects of housing on the social behaviour of dairy cows. Anim. Prod. 53, 271-278.
  • Neave, H.W., Lomb, J., von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Behnam-Shabahang, A. & Weary, D.M. (2017). Parity differences in the behavior of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 100(1), 548-561. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10987.
  • Nielsen, B.L. (1999). On the interpretation of feeding behaviour measures and the use of feeding rate as an indicator of social restraint. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 63, 79-91.
  • NRC. (1989). Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. National Research Council. Sixth Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
  • NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. National Research Council. Seventh Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
  • Overton, T.R. & Waldron, M.R. (2004). Nutritional Management of Transition Dairy Cows: Strategies to Optimize Metabolic Health. J Dairy Sci. 87(E. Suppl.), E105-E119.
  • Peiter, M., Phillips, H.N. & Endres, M.I. (2021). Association between early postpartum rumination time and peak milk yield in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 104(5), 5898–5908. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19698
  • Redbo, I., Jacobsson, K.G., van Doom, C. & Pettersson, G. (1992). A note on relations between oral stereotypies in dairy cows and milk production, health and age. Animal Science 54(1), 166-168.
  • SAS, (1999). SAS/STAT User's Guide: Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  • Schirmann, K., Chapinal, N., Weary, D.M., Heuwieser, W. & Keyserlingk, M.A.G. (2012). Rumination and its relationship to feeding and lying behavior in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 85, 1176-1182.
  • Sowell, B.F., Branine, M.E., Bowman, J.G.P., Hubbert M.E., Sherwood, H.EE. & Quimby, W. (1999). Feeding and watering behavior of healthy and morbid steers in a commercial feedlot. J Anim. Sci. 77, 1105-1112.
  • Tölü, C., & Savaş, T. (2007). A brief report on intra-species aggressive biting in a goat herd. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 102, 124-129.
  • Tüzemen, N. & Tankal, M. (2025). The effect of some environmental factors on peak milk yield in Holstein cattle. KSU J. Agric Nat 27 (Suppl 1), 276-286. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1481215.
  • Walsh, S., Delaby, L., Kennedy, M., Galvin, N., McKay, Z.C. & Egan, M. (2024). Intake profile, milk production, and energy balance of early-lactation spring-calving Holstein Friesian and Jersey × Holstein Friesian dairy cows in high-utilization pasture-based systems. J Dairy Sci. 107, 8058–8071.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Animal Behaviour, Agricultural Engineering (Other), Stock Farming and Treatment
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Cemil Tölü 0000-0002-6135-4502

Kader Durmuş 0009-0009-8731-876X

Early Pub Date May 1, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date January 16, 2025
Acceptance Date March 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025Volume: 28 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Tölü, C., & Durmuş, K. (2025). Post-feeding behaviors of newborn and peak lactation dairy cows. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(3), 886-892. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1620742
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