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Mikrobiyal Gübre Uygulamalarının Red Chief Elma Çeşidinin Verim, Meyve Kalitesi ve Yaprak Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 973 - 986

Aysen Koç , Ali Zehir

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1613787

Abstract

Araştırma, 2022-2023 yıllarında Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi' nde 2011 yılında kurulmuş olan elma bahçesinde yer alan MM106 anacına aşılı Red Chief elma çeşidi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma, kontrol (%100 gübre), %50 azaltılmış gübre, %100 azaltılmış gübre (gübresiz) ve gübrelerin bakteri içeren mikrobiyal gübre ile kombinasyonları kullanılarak meyve verim ve kalitesi ile vejetatif büyüme üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla kurulmuştur. Meyve ağırlığı en yüksek kontrol (%100 gübre dozu)+bakteri uygulaması (170.57 g) ile %50 azaltılmış gübre dozu+bakteri (164.30 g) uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. En düşük meyve ağırlığı ise %100 azaltılmış gübre dozundan (gübresiz) (103.18 g) tespit edilmiştir. Meyve eti sertliği (kg/cm2), en yüksek kontrol (%100 gübre), %50 azaltılmış gübre ve %100 azaltılmış (gübresiz) uygulamalarında ölçülmüştür. Suda çözünebilir kuru madde içeriği %20.30 Brix değeri ile kontrol (%100 gübre) + bakteri ve %19,90 Brix değeri ile %50 azaltılmış + bakteri uygulamalarında ölçülmüştür. Titre edilebilir asit miktarı ise en yüksek %0.59 ile kontrol (%100 gübre) uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. Her tekerrüre ait ağaçlardaki meyveler ayrı ayrı toplanarak elde edilen ağaç başı verim değerleri en yüksek kontrol (%100 gübre)+bakteri (22.35 kg/ağaç) ve kontrol (%100 gübre) uygulamalarından (19.63 kg/ağaç) elde edilmiştir. Uygulamaların sürgün boyu üzerine etkisi incelendiğinde en yüksek değerler kontrol (%100 gübre), kontrol (%100 gübre)+ bakteri ve %50 azaltılmış gübre+bakteri uygulamalarında tespit edilmiştir. Yapraktaki azot (N) miktarı en yüksek kontrol (%100 gübre), kontrol (%100 gübre) + bakteri ve %50 azaltılmış + bakteri uygulamalarında tespit edilmiştir. P miktarı en yüksek kontrol (%100 gübre) ve kontrol (%100 gübre) + bakteri uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. K miktarı en yüksek %50 azaltılmış gübre uygulamasında ölçülmüştür. Bitki gelişimini teşvik eden bakterileri içeren mikrobiyal gübrelerin elmalarda kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmanın elma yetiştirilen farklı iklim ve bölgelerde tekrarlanması sonuçların yaygınlaştırılabilirliğini artıracaktır.

Keywords

Red Chief Elma çeşidi Mikrobiyal Gübre Kimyasal Gübre Yozgat Türkiye

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Effects of Microbial Fertilizer Applications on Yield, Fruit Quality and Leaf Characteristics of Red Chief Apple Variety

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 973 - 986

Aysen Koç , Ali Zehir

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1613787

Abstract

The research was carried out on Red Chief apple variety grafted onto MM106 rootstock in the apple orchard established in 2011 at Yozgat Bozok University in 2022-2023. The study was established to determine the effects of Control (100% fertilizer), 50% reduced fertilizer, 100% reduced fertilizer (without fertilizer), and combinations of fertilizers with microbial fertilizer containing bacteria on fruit yield and quality and vegetative growth. The highest fruit weight was obtained from Control (100% fertilizer dose) + Bacteria application (170.57 g) and 50% reduced fertilizer dose + Bacteria (164.30 g) applications. The lowest fruit weight was determined from a 100% reduced fertilizer dose (without fertilizer) (103.18 g). Total soluble solids were measured with a 20.30% Brix value in the Control (%100 fertilizer) + bacteria and a 19.90% brix value in 50% reduced + bacteria applications. The highest titratable acidity was determined with 0.59% in Control (%100 fertilizer) application. The fruits from the trees of each replication were collected separately and the highest tree yield values were obtained from Control (%100 fertilizer) + bacteria (22.35 kg/tree) and Control (%100 fertilizer) applications (19.63 kg/tree). When the effects of the applications on shoot length were examined, the highest values were determined in Control (%100 fertilizer), Control (%100 fertilizer) + bacteria, and 50% reduced fertilizer + bacteria applications. The highest amount of nitrogen (N) in the leaf was determined in Control (100% fertilizer), Control (100% fertilizer) + bacteria, and 50% reduced + bacteria applications. The highest amount of P was obtained from Control (100% fertilizer) and Control (100% fertilizer) + bacteria applications. The highest amount of K was measured in 50% reduced fertilizer application. It was concluded that microbial fertilizers containing plant growth-promoting bacteria can be used in apples. Replication of the study in different climatic and geographical conditions may increase the extensibility of the results.

Keywords

Red Chief Apple cultivar Microbial Fertilizer Chemical Fertilizer Yozgat Türkiye

Ethical Statement

The authors of the article declare that the data, information and documents presented in this article were obtained within the framework of academic and ethical rules, and that all information, documents, evaluations and results were presented in accordance with scientific ethics and moral rules.

Thanks

This study was produced from a first author’s Master thesis, named ‘The effects of microbial fertilizer applications on tree growth and development and fruit properties in apple growing / Mikrobiyal gübre uygulamalarının elma yetiştiriciliğinde ağacın büyüme ve gelişmesi ile meyve özellikleri üzerine etkileri’ presented at Yozgat Bozok University. (YOK Thesis No: 850698 /Date: 25.01.2024).

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  • Acar, O. (2018). Effects Of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Growth, Yield And Fruit Quality of Pomegranate (Publication number:530763). The Graduate School of Natural And Applied Science of Selçuk University the Degree of Master of Science in Department of Horticulture, pp.35.
  • Akgül, M. & Başayiğit, L. (2005). Detailed soil survey and mapping of farm land of Süleyman Demirel University. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Science Institute, 9 (3), 1-10.
  • Anonymous, (2023a). http://www.elmatarim.com.tr/tr/m/elma-cesitleri/red-chief.html (15.11.2023)
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  • Arıkan, Ş., İpek, M. & Pırlak, L. (2015). Determination of phenological and pomological characteristics of some apple varieties in Konya ecological conditions. Turkish Agriculture — Food Science and Technology Journal, 3 (10), 811-815. 38
  • Arıkan, A. (2020). Determination of the Yield and Quality Characteristics of ‘Redd Chief’ Type in Elmalı-Antalya Region (Publication number:623671). The Graduate School of Natural And Applied Science of Antalya University the Degree of Master of Science in Department of Horticulture, pp. 55.
  • Aslantaş, R., Çakmakçı, R. & Şahin, F. (2007). Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on young apple tree growth and fruit yield under orchard conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 111 (4), 371-377.
  • Bassil, N. V., Proebsting, W. M., Moore, L. W. & Lightfoot, D. A. (1991). Propagation of hazelnut stem cuttings using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. HortScience, 26 (8), 1058-1060.
  • Bayav, A. & Karli, B. (2020). Comparison of apple production costs in Isparta and Karaman provinces. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25 (2), 225-236.
  • Baytekin, S. (2006). Performances of some apple varieties grafted on different clonal rootstocks in ecological conditions of Turhal district of Tokat province (Publication number:182475). The Graduate School of Natural And Applied Science of Gaziosmanpaşa University the Degree of Master of Science in Department of Horticulture, pp. 63.
  • Baytekin, S. & Akça, Y. (2011). Determination of performance of some apple varieties on MM 106 rootstock. Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21(2), 127-33.
  • Ceylan, F. (2008). Determination of Phenological and Pomological Characteristic of Some Apple Grafted on Dwarf and Semi-Dwarf Rootstocks in Niğde Ecological Conditions. (Publication number:178302). The Graduate School of Natural And Applied Science of Selçuk University the Degree of Master of Science in Department of Horticulture, pp. 56.
  • Çakmakçı, R. (2005). Importance of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in Plant Development. Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture Journal, 19 (35), 93-108.
  • De Silva, A., Patterson, K., Rothrock, C. & Moore, J. (2000). Growth promotion of highbush blueberry by fungal and bacterial inoculants. HortScience, 35 (7), 1228-1230.
  • Einhorn, T. & Caspari, H.W. (2004). Partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation of Gala apples in semi-arid climate. In: (Ed.: Synder, R.L.) ISHS Acta Horticulturae 664: IV International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, 31 December 2004.
  • Ekici, M., Yıldırım, E. & Kotan, R. (2015). Effects of some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) seedling development and seedling quality. Journal of Akdeniz University Faculty of Agriculture, 28 (2), 53-59.
  • Ekinci, E. (2010). Determination of the effects of different crop load applications on vegetative development and fruit quality of apple trees (Publication number:268673). Süleyman Demirel University, Institute of Science, PhD Thesis, pp. 95.
  • Ertürk, A. S. (2015). Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) application on fruit characteristics and plant development in Eşme quince variety (Cydonia vulgaris L.). (Publication number:411281). The Graduate School of Natural And Applied Science of Gaziosmanpaşa University the Degree of Master of Science in Department of Horticulture, pp. 52.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pomology and Treatment
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Aysen Koç 0000-0002-9766-721X

Ali Zehir 0009-0008-8912-9391

Early Pub Date June 10, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date January 5, 2025
Acceptance Date May 6, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025Volume: 28 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Koç, A., & Zehir, A. (2025). Effects of Microbial Fertilizer Applications on Yield, Fruit Quality and Leaf Characteristics of Red Chief Apple Variety. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(4), 973-986. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1613787
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