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Effects of Different Additives on Some Chemical Parameters and In Vitro Digestibility of Leucaena leucocephala Silage

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 6, 1616 - 1626

Mert Özmen , Kadir Emre Buğdaycı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1698057

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of various additives on the physical and chemical properties, feed value, and in vitro digestibility of Leucaena leucocephala silage. The experiment consisted of one control group and three treatment groups, which were supplemented with 5% molasses, 5% barley, and 0.5% formic acid, respectively. Each group included eight replicates. The plant material was chopped (2.5–5 cm), treated with the respective additives, and vacuum-packed (200 g per bag). Following a 60-day silage fermentation period, analyses were conducted to evaluate physical properties, ammonia nitrogen, pH levels, nutrient composition, feed value, in vitro crude protein degradability (IVCPD), and in vitro digestibility. According to DLG scores (≥17.62±0.29), all groups produced high-quality silages. While treatments did not significantly affect non-structural nutrients, a notable increase in crude ash content was observed in the 5% barley group. The addition of 5% molasses to Leucaena silage significantly reduced crude fiber (p<.005) and acid detergent fiber (p≤.001) levels, while also increasing the Flieg score. All feed value parameters except dry matter intake (DMI) increased significantly with the addition of 5% molasses (p≤001). No significant changes were observed in the metabolisable energy of Leucaena silage. The addition of 5% molasses significantly increased in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) and in vitro true organic matter digestibility (IVTOMD) (p≤.001), while it did not affect IVCPD. In conclusion, the silage additives evaluated in this study did not negatively affect silage quality, and the inclusion of 5% molasses yielded the most favorable silage quality parameters.

Keywords

Chemical properties In vitro digestibility Leucaena leucocphala Silage

Ethical Statement

The project titled "Effects of Different Additives on Some Chemical Parameters and In Vitro Digestibility of Leucaena leucocephala Silage" was approved by the Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University with the decision dated 23.08.2023 and numbered 1160. The board unanimously decided that there was no need for an ethics committee decision since the study would not be conducted on live animals.

Supporting Institution

This research was supported by the Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Scientific Research Projects Commission (Project Number: 0965-YL-23).

Project Number

0965-YL-23

Thanks

The researchers would like to thank Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University.

References

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  • Dong, Z., Wang, S., Zhao, J., & Li, J. (2020). Effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry (morus alba l.) leaves silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 33(8), 1292-1300. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0420
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  • Giang, N. T. T., Wanapat, M., Phesatcha, K., & Kang, S. (2016). Level of Leucaena leucocephala silage feeding on intake, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in dairy steers. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 48, 1057–1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1060-3
  • Goering, J. K., & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage Fiber Analysis. USDA-ARS Agricultural Handbook 379.
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  • Güngör, T., Başalan, M., & Aydoğan, İ. (2008). Kırıkkale yöresinde üretilen bazı kaba yemlerde besin madde miktarları ve metabolize olabilir enerji düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 55, 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000000299
  • Habermann, E., Oliveira, E. A. D., Contin, D. R., Costa, J. V. C. P., Costa, K. A. P., & Martinez, C. A. (2022). Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass megathyrsus maximus. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1033953
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Farklı Katkı Maddelerinin Leucaena leucocephala Silajının Bazı Kimyasal Parametreleri ve In Vitro Sindirilebilirliği Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 6, 1616 - 1626

Mert Özmen , Kadir Emre Buğdaycı

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1698057

Abstract

Bu çalışma, çeşitli katkı maddelerinin Leucaena leucocephala silajının fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri, yem değeri ve in vitro sindirilebilirliği üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmıştır. Araştırma, bir kontrol grubu ve sırasıyla %5 melas, %5 arpa ve %0.5 formik asit ile ilave edilen üç deneme grubundan oluşmuştur. Her grup sekiz tekerrürden oluşturulmuştur. Bitki materyali 2,5-5 cm boyutunda kesilmiş, ilgili katkı maddeleri ile işlenmiş ve vakumlanarak paketlenmiştir (200 g torba). 60 günlük silaj fermentasyon süresinin ardından, fiziksel özellikler, amonyak azotu, pH seviyeleri, besin kompozisyonu, yem değeri, in vitro ham protein parçalanabilirliği (IVHPP) ve in vitro sindirilebilirliği değerlendirmek için analizler yapılmıştır. DLG puanlarına göre (≥17.62±0.29), tüm gruplar yüksek kaliteli silaj sınıfında yer almaktadır. Uygulamalar yapısal olmayan besin maddelerini önemli düzeyde etkilemese de, %5 arpa grubunun ham kül içeriğinde önemli düzeyde bir artış gözlemlenmiştir. Leucaena silajına %5 melas ilavesi, ham selüloz (p<.005) ve asit deterjan fiber (p≤.001) düzeylerini önemli düzeyde azaltmış ve Flieg skorunu artırmıştır. Kuru madde tüketimi (KMT) dışında incelenen tüm yem değeri parametreleri %5 melas ilavesi ile önemli düzeyde artmıştır (p≤.001). Leucaena silajının metabolize olabilir enerjisinde önemli bir değişiklik gözlemlenmemiştir. %5 melas ilavesi, in vitro gerçek kuru madde sindirilebilirliği (IVGKMS) ve in vitro gerçek organik madde sindirilebilirliğini (IVGOMS) önemli düzeyde arttırmıştır (p≤.001), IVHPP'yi etkilememiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada değerlendirilen silaj katkı maddeleri silaj kalitesini olumsuz etkilememiş ve %5 melas ilavesi en olumlu silaj kalite parametrelerini vermiştir.

Keywords

Kimyasal özellikler In vitro sindirilebilirlik Leucaena leucocephala Silaj

Ethical Statement

“Farklı Katkı Maddelerinin Leucaena leucocephala Silajının Bazı Kimyasal Parametreleri ve İn Vitro Sindirilebilirliği Üzerine Etkileri” başlıklı proje Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu tarafından 23.08.2023 tarih ve 1160 sayılı karar ile onaylanmıştır. Kurul, çalışma canlı hayvanlar üzerinde yapılmayacağı için etik kurul kararına gerek olmadığına oy birliği ile karar verdi. Bu çalışmanın bir bölümü 7. Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri ve Yaşam Kongresi'nde (7-9 Mart 2024, Burdur, Türkiye) sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Bu makale birinci yazarın yüksek lisans tezinden özetlenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Bu araştırma Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje No: 0965-YL-23).

Project Number

0965-YL-23

Thanks

Araştırmacılar Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi'ne teşekkür eder.

References

  • Ahsan, U. (2023). Effect of single or combined homo-and heterofermentative silage additives on the quality, nutritive value, and ın vitro digestibility of ensiled wheat harvested at early dough stage of maturity. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Health Sciences Institute,11(2), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.1345229
  • Andrade, W. R., Moura, M. M. A., Rocha, V. R., Costa, R. F., Santos, L. H. T., & Silva, M. M. (2019). Quality of sorghum silage with leucaena. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences, 41(1), e36493. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.36493
  • AOAC. (2019). Official methods of analysis (21st ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. Araújo, J. S., Araújo, C. A., Macedo, Ad., Silva, C. S., Novaes, J. J. S., Lima, D. O., Borges, E. N., Gois, G. C., Araújo, G.
  • G. L., & Campos, F. S. (2022). Fermentation dynamics, nutritional quality, and heating capacity of mixed silages of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) and Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala). Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 59, e189466. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2022.189466
  • Arslan, M., Erdurmuş, C., Öten, M., Aydınoğlu, B., & Çakmakçı, S. (2017). Mısır (zea mays l.) ile Leucaena leucocephala l. bitkisinin karıştırılmasıyla hazırlanan silajların besin değerinin belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 54 (1), 101-106.
  • Avcıoğlu, R., Hatipoğlu, R., & Karadağ, Y. (2009). Yembitkileri: Baklagil yem bitkileri. T.C. Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • Aykan, Y., & Saruhan, V. (2018). Farklı oranlarda silolanan yembezelyesi (pisum sativum l.) ve arpa (hordeum vulgare l.) karışımlarının silaj kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 64-70.
  • Barros-Rodríguez, M., Solorio-Sánchez, J., Sandoval-Castro, C., Klieve, A. V., Briceño-Poot, E., Ramírez-Avilés, L., & Rojas-Herrera, R. (2013). Effects of two intake levels of Leucaena leucocephala on rumen function of sheep. Tropical Grasslands – Forrajes Tropicales, 1(1), 55–57. https://doi.org/10.17138/tgft(1)55 57
  • Barry, T. N., & Duncan, S. J. (1984). The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. British Journal of Nutrition, 51(3), 485–491. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19840054
  • Buğdaycı, K. E., Karakaş Oğuz, F., Kara, K., Oğuz, M. N., Gülle, İ., Kocasarı, F., & Kocaoğlu Güçlü, B. (2025). Influence of harvesting periods and additives on the quality of silage from common reed (Phragmites australis) and cattail (Typha spp.). Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 34(2), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/193488/2024
  • Buğdaycı, K. E., Oğuz, M. N., Canbay, H. S., Gümüş, H., & Oğuz, F. K. (2023). Using rose pulp silage instead of sugar beet pulp silage in lambs fed with total mixed ration. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 47, 42-54. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0128.4267
  • Castro-González, A., Montero-Lagunes, M., Ríos-Utrera, Á., Ayala-Burgos, A. J., & Juárez-Lagunes, F. I. (2022). Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit as protein supply for heifers. Agro Productividad, 15(7), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.32854/agrop.v15i7.2324
  • Crampton, E. W., & Maynard, L. (1938). The relation of cellulose and lignin content to nutritive value of animal feeds. The Journal of Nutrition, 15, 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/15.4.383
  • Çakmakçı, S., Aydın, B., Çatlıoğlu, Ş. G., Köseoğlu, A. T. & Kaya, H. (2001). Farklı toprak koşullarının Leucaena leucocephala'nın çimlenme karakteristikleri üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi , 14(1), 161 - 170.
  • Dawson, B., & Trapp, R. G. (2001). Basic and clinical biostatistics (3th ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division.
  • DLG (1987). Bewertung von grünfutter, silage und heu (Merkblatt No.224). DLGVerlag, Deutschland.
  • Dong, Z., Wang, S., Zhao, J., & Li, J. (2020). Effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry (morus alba l.) leaves silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 33(8), 1292-1300. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0420
  • Ferreira, R., Bezerra, L., Edvan, R., Araujo, M., Marques, C., Torreao, J., Oliveira, R., & Parente, H. (2016). Physicochemical composition and ruminal degradability of leucaena ensiled with different levels of buriti fruit peel. Grassland Science, 62, 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/grs.12129
  • Giang, N. T. T., Wanapat, M., Phesatcha, K., & Kang, S. (2016). Level of Leucaena leucocephala silage feeding on intake, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in dairy steers. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 48, 1057–1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1060-3
  • Goering, J. K., & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage Fiber Analysis. USDA-ARS Agricultural Handbook 379.
  • Gül, Z. D., Tan, M., Kaynar, D. F., & Kharazmi, K. (2015). Effects of some additives, harvest stage and wilting on quality characteristics of alfalfa silage. Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 46 (2), 113-118.
  • Güngör, T., Başalan, M., & Aydoğan, İ. (2008). Kırıkkale yöresinde üretilen bazı kaba yemlerde besin madde miktarları ve metabolize olabilir enerji düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 55, 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000000299
  • Habermann, E., Oliveira, E. A. D., Contin, D. R., Costa, J. V. C. P., Costa, K. A. P., & Martinez, C. A. (2022). Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass megathyrsus maximus. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1033953
  • Karadeniz, E., & Saruhan, V. (2021). Mardin ekolojik koşullarında farklı ekim zamanlarında yetiştirilen ikinci ürün silajlık mısır (Zea mays L.) çeşitlerinin silaj özelliklerinin araştırılması. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(2), 275-289. https://doi.org/10.46291/ISPECJASvol5iss2pp275-289
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There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Animal Feeding
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Mert Özmen 0009-0001-0685-5005

Kadir Emre Buğdaycı 0000-0002-1715-6904

Project Number 0965-YL-23
Early Pub Date August 14, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date May 12, 2025
Acceptance Date July 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025Volume: 28 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Özmen, M., & Buğdaycı, K. E. (2025). Effects of Different Additives on Some Chemical Parameters and In Vitro Digestibility of Leucaena leucocephala Silage. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(6), 1616-1626. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1698057
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