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A Threat to Pepper Production: Regional Dominance of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria in Southeastern Türkiye

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 195 - 209

Deniz Çaplık , Mustafa Küsek

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1714952

Abstract

Bacterial spot disease, caused by Xanthomonas spp., significantly impacts pepper production. This study investigated the prevalence and identity of bacterial spot pathogens in Şanlıurfa and Adıyaman, major pepper-producing regions in Southeastern Türkiye. Field surveys conducted from April to October 2020 collected 171 diseased pepper samples from 76 fields, yielding 122 bacterial isolates (108 from Şanlıurfa, 14 from Adıyaman). Pathogenicity tests on pepper seedlings identified 93 isolates (81 from Şanlıurfa, 12 from Adıyaman) as pathogenic. Xanthomonas euvesicatoria UB-35 isolate obtained from Şanlıurfa showed the highest virulence with a scale value of 4 (on a scale of 0-4). Classical identification tests, including Gram reaction, hypersensitive response, and biochemical assays, combined with molecular analysis using species-specific primers, confirmed that all pathogenic isolates were Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. No other Xanthomonas species were detected. These findings highlight the dominance of X. euvesicatoria in the region.

Keywords

Capsicum spp. Xanthomonas spp. Bacterial spot disease Pathogen isolation Molecular identification

Ethical Statement

This study did not involve human participants or animal subjects; therefore, ethical committee approval was not required.

Supporting Institution

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM)

Project Number

TAGEM/BSAD/A/22/A2/P1/5395.

References

  • Aktepe, B. P., Yıldız, R. C., & Aysan, Y. (2022). Bakteriyel leke hastalığına neden olan Xanthomonas izolatlarının tür düzeyinde tanısı. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 439-449. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1424660
  • Al-Dahmani, J.H., Abbasi, P.A., Miller, S.A., & Hoitink, H.A.J. (2003). Suppression of bacterial spot of tomato with foliar sprays of compost extracts under greenhouse and field conditions, Plant Disease, 87, 913-919. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.913
  • Anonymous (2025a). FAOSTAT. Statistical Databases, faostat-agriculture. http://faostat.fao.org/ faostat/=agriculture. (Retrieved July 2025)
  • Anonymous (2025b). Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). Agricultural Production Statistics.(Retrieved July 2025)
  • Anupam, R. (2016). Bhut jolokia (Capsicum chinense Jaqc): a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 7(3), 882-889. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975- 8232.7(3).882-89 Arın, L. (2018). Kapsaisin ve tarımda kullanımı. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 8(4), 21-27.
  • Aysan, Y., & Çınar, Ö. (2001). Çukurova Bölgesinde Biberlerde Bakteriyel Leke Hastalığının (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) Çıkışı ve Kontrolü Üzerine Araştırmalar. Türkiye IX. Fitopatoloji Kongresi, Tekirdağ. S:549-554.
  • Aysan, Y., & Sahin, F. (2003). Occurrence of Bacterial Spot Disease, Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, on Pepper in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Plant Pathology, 52, 781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2003.00890.x
  • Beran, P., Mraz, I., Kokoskova, B., & Bohata, A. (2015). Monitoring the occurrence of bacterial spot of tomato and pepper in the Czech Republic and development of new PCR primers for detection of Xanthomonas vesicatoria. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 141(3), 617-621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0554-y
  • Bora, T., & Karaca, İ. (1970). Kültür bitkilerinde hastalığın ve zararın ölçülmesi. Bornova, Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası. P:39.
  • Bosland, P.W., Votava, E.J., Votava, E.M., (2012). Peppers: vegetable and spice capsicums (Vol. 22). Cabi. Bradbury, J.F., (1984). Xanthomonas. In Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, (Eds: Krieg, N. R., Holt, J. G.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore MD. Vol. 1.
  • Dashti, A. A., Jadaon, M. M., Abdulsamad, A. M., & Dashti, H. M. (2009). Heat treatment of bacteria: a simple method of DNA extraction for molecular techniques. Kuwait Med J, 41(2), 117-122.
  • Garrity, G. (2007). Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Goto, M. (1992). Fundamentals of Bacterial Plant Pathology. Academic Press, Inc. USA, 342 s.
  • Günay, A. (1992). Özel Sebze Yetiştiriciliği. Ank. Üni. Zir. Fak. Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü, Ank. Üni. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Horuz S, (2019). Identification of Xanthomonas spp. disease agent/s and the effect of chemical seed treatments to control bacterial spot of pepper. Fresen Environ Bull 28: 6786–6792.
  • Howard, L.R., Talcott, S.T., Brenes, C.H. Villalon, B. (2000). Changes in phytochemical and antioxidant activity of selected pepper cultivars (Capsicum species) as influenced by maturity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 1713–17.
  • Jones, J.B., Lacy, G.H., Bouzar, H., Stall, R.E., & Schaad, N.W. (2004). Reclassification of the Xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. System. Appl. Microbiol., 27,755-762. https://doi.org/10.1078/0723202042369884
  • Kayaaslan, Z. (2021). Tokat ili biber üretim alanlarında bakteriyel leke hastalığı etmeni (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria)' nin tanılanması, epidemiyolojisi ve biyolojik mücadelesi (Tez no 706810). [Doktora Tezi, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Khanal, S., Hind, S. R., & Babadoost, M. (2021). Occurrence of bacterial spot in Illinois tomato fields and characteristics of the causal agents. HortScience, 56(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15215-20 Klement, Z., Rudolph, K., & Sands, D.C. (Eds.). (1990). Methods in Phytobacteriology (568-pp).
  • Koenraadt, H., Van Betteray, B., Germain, R., Hiddink, G., Jones, J.B., & Oosterhof, J. (2009). Development Of Specıfıc Prımers For The Molecular Detectıon Of Bacterıal Spot Of Pepper And Tomato. Acta Hortic. 808, 99-102. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.808.13
  • Kovacs, N. (1956). Identification of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidase reaction. Nature, 178(4535), 703-703.
  • Lamini S., Cornelius E.W., Nutsugah S.K., Asiedu-Coffie S., Miller S., & Gilbertson R. (2015). Molecular Identification of Bacterial Spot of Tomato incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria from Fields in the Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and the Upper East Regions of Ghana. International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences 2, 2348–3997.
  • Lee, Y., Howard, L.R., Villalon, B. (1995). Flavonoids and antioxidant activity of fresh pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars. Journal of Food Science, 60(3), 473-476.
  • Lelliot, R.A., & Stead, D.E. (1987). Diagnostic procedures for bacterial plant diseases. In Methods for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases of Plants 58-59. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 216p.
  • McAvoy, C., Roberts, P., & Jones, J. B. (2021). Bacterial Spot of Pepper: PP362, 2/2021. EDIS, 2021(1). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp362-2021
  • Mirik, M. (2005). Biberde Bakteriyel Leke Etmeni Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria’nın Tanılanması ve Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyici Rizobakteriler ile Biyolojik Mücadele Olanakları (Tez no 170542). [Doktora Tezi Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Obradovic, A., Mavridis, K., Rudolph, J.D., Janse, M., Arsenijevic, J.B., Jones, J.F., & Wang. (2004). Characterization and PCR-based typing of Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria from peppers and tomatoes in Serbia. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110(3), 285-292. https://doi.org/10.1023/ B:EJPP. 0000019797.27952.1d
  • Oraman, M.N. (1968). Sebze İlmi. A. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Ankara, 323s.
  • Öztürk, M., Soylu, S., & Kayaaslan, Z. (2021). Yozgat ili elma ve armut üretim alanlarında ateş yanıklığı [Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.] hastalığının mevcut durumunun belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26, 200-210. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.844261
  • Öztürk, M., & Soylu, S. (2022a). A new disease of strawberry, bacterial blight caused by Erwinia amylovora in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, 104, 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-021-00994-z
  • Öztürk, M., & Soylu, S. (2022b). Yozgat ili beyaz baş lahana üretim alanlarında bakteriyel yumuşak çürüklük hastalığına neden olan Pectobacterium izolatlarının tanılanması. KSU Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25, 495-503. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.943765
  • Stall, R.E., & Civerolo, E.L. (1993). Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria: cause of bacterial spot of tomato and pepper. Xanthomonas, 57-60.
  • Schaad, N.W., Jones, J.B., & Chun, W. (2001) Laboratory guide for the identification of plant pathogenic bacteria, Third Edition. St Paul, MN: APS Press.
  • Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., & Maniatis, T., (1989). Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual (No. Ed. 2). Cold spring harbor laboratory press.
  • Scortichini, M., Stefani, E., Elphinstone, J., & Bergsma Vlami, M. (2013). PM 7/110 (1) Xanthomonas spp. (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans, Xanthomonas vesicatoria) causing bacterial spot of tomato and sweet pepper. BULLETIN OEPP, 43, 7-20. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epp.12018
  • Şahin, F. (2001). Pepper races 7,8 and 10 of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv vesicatoria isolated From Diseased Pepper Plants in Turkey. Plant Pathology, 50, 809. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00632.x
  • Şahin, A., & Küsek, M. (2015). Kahramanmaraş İlinde Yetiştirilen Biberlerde Biber Bakteriyel Leke Hastalığı Etmeninin Belirlenmesi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(3), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.24597
  • Tangül, G.A., & Soylu, S. (2025). Identification of Seed and Soil-Borne Fungal Disease Agents in Okra Plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and Characterization of Biological Control Possibilities with Antagonist Bacterial Isolates. KSU J. Agric Nat 28(6), 1427-1444. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1720941
  • Vancheva, T., Stoyanova, M., Tasheva-Terzieva, E., Bogatzevska, N., & Moncheva, P. (2018). Molecular methods for diversity assessment among Xanthomonads of Bulgarian and Macedonian pepper. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 49, 246-259.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.08.011

Biber Üretimi İçin Bir Tehdit: Güneydoğu Türkiye’de Xanthomonas euvesicatoria’nın Bölgesel Baskınlığı

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 195 - 209

Deniz Çaplık , Mustafa Küsek

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1714952

Abstract

Bakteriyel leke hastalığı, Xanthomonas spp. tarafından neden olunan ve biber üretimini önemli ölçüde etkileyen bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışma ile Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde önemli biber üretim alanları olan Şanlıurfa ve Adıyaman illerinde bakteriyel leke hastalığının yaygınlığı ve hastalığa sebep olan etmenler araştırılmıştır. Nisan-Ekim 2020 tarihleri arasında yapılan saha araştırmalarında, 76 tarladan 171 hastalıklı biber örneği toplanmış ve 122 bakteriyel izolat elde edilmiştir (108’i Şanlıurfa’dan, 14’ü Adıyaman’dan). Biber fidelerinde yapılan patojenite testleri, 93 izolatın (81’i Şanlıurfa’dan, 12’si Adıyaman’dan) patojenik olduğunu ortaya koymuş; Şanlıurfa’dan elde edilen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria UB-35 izolatı, 4 ölçek değeri (0-4 skalasında) ile en yüksek virülansı göstermiştir. Gram reaksiyonu, hipersensitif tepki ve biyokimyasal testler gibi klasik tanımlama yöntemleri ile tür-spesifik primerler kullanılarak yapılan moleküler analizler, tüm patojenik izolatların Xanthomonas euvesicatoria olduğunu doğrulamıştır. Bölgede başka Xanthomonas türleri tespit edilmemiştir. Bu bulgular, X. euvesicatoria’nın bölgedeki baskınlığını vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Capsicum spp. Xanthomonas spp. Bakteriyel leke hastalığı Patojen izolasyonu Moleküler teşhis

Project Number

TAGEM/BSAD/A/22/A2/P1/5395.

References

  • Aktepe, B. P., Yıldız, R. C., & Aysan, Y. (2022). Bakteriyel leke hastalığına neden olan Xanthomonas izolatlarının tür düzeyinde tanısı. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 439-449. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1424660
  • Al-Dahmani, J.H., Abbasi, P.A., Miller, S.A., & Hoitink, H.A.J. (2003). Suppression of bacterial spot of tomato with foliar sprays of compost extracts under greenhouse and field conditions, Plant Disease, 87, 913-919. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.913
  • Anonymous (2025a). FAOSTAT. Statistical Databases, faostat-agriculture. http://faostat.fao.org/ faostat/=agriculture. (Retrieved July 2025)
  • Anonymous (2025b). Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). Agricultural Production Statistics.(Retrieved July 2025)
  • Anupam, R. (2016). Bhut jolokia (Capsicum chinense Jaqc): a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 7(3), 882-889. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975- 8232.7(3).882-89 Arın, L. (2018). Kapsaisin ve tarımda kullanımı. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 8(4), 21-27.
  • Aysan, Y., & Çınar, Ö. (2001). Çukurova Bölgesinde Biberlerde Bakteriyel Leke Hastalığının (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) Çıkışı ve Kontrolü Üzerine Araştırmalar. Türkiye IX. Fitopatoloji Kongresi, Tekirdağ. S:549-554.
  • Aysan, Y., & Sahin, F. (2003). Occurrence of Bacterial Spot Disease, Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, on Pepper in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Plant Pathology, 52, 781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2003.00890.x
  • Beran, P., Mraz, I., Kokoskova, B., & Bohata, A. (2015). Monitoring the occurrence of bacterial spot of tomato and pepper in the Czech Republic and development of new PCR primers for detection of Xanthomonas vesicatoria. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 141(3), 617-621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0554-y
  • Bora, T., & Karaca, İ. (1970). Kültür bitkilerinde hastalığın ve zararın ölçülmesi. Bornova, Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası. P:39.
  • Bosland, P.W., Votava, E.J., Votava, E.M., (2012). Peppers: vegetable and spice capsicums (Vol. 22). Cabi. Bradbury, J.F., (1984). Xanthomonas. In Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, (Eds: Krieg, N. R., Holt, J. G.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore MD. Vol. 1.
  • Dashti, A. A., Jadaon, M. M., Abdulsamad, A. M., & Dashti, H. M. (2009). Heat treatment of bacteria: a simple method of DNA extraction for molecular techniques. Kuwait Med J, 41(2), 117-122.
  • Garrity, G. (2007). Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Goto, M. (1992). Fundamentals of Bacterial Plant Pathology. Academic Press, Inc. USA, 342 s.
  • Günay, A. (1992). Özel Sebze Yetiştiriciliği. Ank. Üni. Zir. Fak. Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü, Ank. Üni. Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Horuz S, (2019). Identification of Xanthomonas spp. disease agent/s and the effect of chemical seed treatments to control bacterial spot of pepper. Fresen Environ Bull 28: 6786–6792.
  • Howard, L.R., Talcott, S.T., Brenes, C.H. Villalon, B. (2000). Changes in phytochemical and antioxidant activity of selected pepper cultivars (Capsicum species) as influenced by maturity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 1713–17.
  • Jones, J.B., Lacy, G.H., Bouzar, H., Stall, R.E., & Schaad, N.W. (2004). Reclassification of the Xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. System. Appl. Microbiol., 27,755-762. https://doi.org/10.1078/0723202042369884
  • Kayaaslan, Z. (2021). Tokat ili biber üretim alanlarında bakteriyel leke hastalığı etmeni (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria)' nin tanılanması, epidemiyolojisi ve biyolojik mücadelesi (Tez no 706810). [Doktora Tezi, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Khanal, S., Hind, S. R., & Babadoost, M. (2021). Occurrence of bacterial spot in Illinois tomato fields and characteristics of the causal agents. HortScience, 56(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15215-20 Klement, Z., Rudolph, K., & Sands, D.C. (Eds.). (1990). Methods in Phytobacteriology (568-pp).
  • Koenraadt, H., Van Betteray, B., Germain, R., Hiddink, G., Jones, J.B., & Oosterhof, J. (2009). Development Of Specıfıc Prımers For The Molecular Detectıon Of Bacterıal Spot Of Pepper And Tomato. Acta Hortic. 808, 99-102. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.808.13
  • Kovacs, N. (1956). Identification of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidase reaction. Nature, 178(4535), 703-703.
  • Lamini S., Cornelius E.W., Nutsugah S.K., Asiedu-Coffie S., Miller S., & Gilbertson R. (2015). Molecular Identification of Bacterial Spot of Tomato incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria from Fields in the Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and the Upper East Regions of Ghana. International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences 2, 2348–3997.
  • Lee, Y., Howard, L.R., Villalon, B. (1995). Flavonoids and antioxidant activity of fresh pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars. Journal of Food Science, 60(3), 473-476.
  • Lelliot, R.A., & Stead, D.E. (1987). Diagnostic procedures for bacterial plant diseases. In Methods for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases of Plants 58-59. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 216p.
  • McAvoy, C., Roberts, P., & Jones, J. B. (2021). Bacterial Spot of Pepper: PP362, 2/2021. EDIS, 2021(1). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp362-2021
  • Mirik, M. (2005). Biberde Bakteriyel Leke Etmeni Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria’nın Tanılanması ve Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyici Rizobakteriler ile Biyolojik Mücadele Olanakları (Tez no 170542). [Doktora Tezi Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Obradovic, A., Mavridis, K., Rudolph, J.D., Janse, M., Arsenijevic, J.B., Jones, J.F., & Wang. (2004). Characterization and PCR-based typing of Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria from peppers and tomatoes in Serbia. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110(3), 285-292. https://doi.org/10.1023/ B:EJPP. 0000019797.27952.1d
  • Oraman, M.N. (1968). Sebze İlmi. A. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Ankara, 323s.
  • Öztürk, M., Soylu, S., & Kayaaslan, Z. (2021). Yozgat ili elma ve armut üretim alanlarında ateş yanıklığı [Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.] hastalığının mevcut durumunun belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26, 200-210. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.844261
  • Öztürk, M., & Soylu, S. (2022a). A new disease of strawberry, bacterial blight caused by Erwinia amylovora in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, 104, 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-021-00994-z
  • Öztürk, M., & Soylu, S. (2022b). Yozgat ili beyaz baş lahana üretim alanlarında bakteriyel yumuşak çürüklük hastalığına neden olan Pectobacterium izolatlarının tanılanması. KSU Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25, 495-503. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.943765
  • Stall, R.E., & Civerolo, E.L. (1993). Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria: cause of bacterial spot of tomato and pepper. Xanthomonas, 57-60.
  • Schaad, N.W., Jones, J.B., & Chun, W. (2001) Laboratory guide for the identification of plant pathogenic bacteria, Third Edition. St Paul, MN: APS Press.
  • Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., & Maniatis, T., (1989). Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual (No. Ed. 2). Cold spring harbor laboratory press.
  • Scortichini, M., Stefani, E., Elphinstone, J., & Bergsma Vlami, M. (2013). PM 7/110 (1) Xanthomonas spp. (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans, Xanthomonas vesicatoria) causing bacterial spot of tomato and sweet pepper. BULLETIN OEPP, 43, 7-20. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epp.12018
  • Şahin, F. (2001). Pepper races 7,8 and 10 of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv vesicatoria isolated From Diseased Pepper Plants in Turkey. Plant Pathology, 50, 809. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00632.x
  • Şahin, A., & Küsek, M. (2015). Kahramanmaraş İlinde Yetiştirilen Biberlerde Biber Bakteriyel Leke Hastalığı Etmeninin Belirlenmesi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(3), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.24597
  • Tangül, G.A., & Soylu, S. (2025). Identification of Seed and Soil-Borne Fungal Disease Agents in Okra Plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and Characterization of Biological Control Possibilities with Antagonist Bacterial Isolates. KSU J. Agric Nat 28(6), 1427-1444. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1720941
  • Vancheva, T., Stoyanova, M., Tasheva-Terzieva, E., Bogatzevska, N., & Moncheva, P. (2018). Molecular methods for diversity assessment among Xanthomonads of Bulgarian and Macedonian pepper. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 49, 246-259.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.08.011
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Phytopathology
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Deniz Çaplık 0000-0002-4233-6667

Mustafa Küsek 0000-0002-6320-5869

Project Number TAGEM/BSAD/A/22/A2/P1/5395.
Early Pub Date October 18, 2025
Publication Date October 19, 2025
Submission Date June 18, 2025
Acceptance Date August 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 29 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çaplık, D., & Küsek, M. (2025). A Threat to Pepper Production: Regional Dominance of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria in Southeastern Türkiye. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 29(1), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1714952
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