Farklı Yem Sunum Yöntemlerinin Siyah Alaca Buzağıların Büyüme Performansı, Yem Tüketimi ve Bazı Davranış Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Öz
Bu çalışma, iki farklı yem sunum metodunun Siyah Alaca buzağılarının
büyüme performansı, yem alımı, yemden yararlanma ve bazı davranış özellikleri
üzerine etkilerini araştırmak üzere yürütülmüştür. Yem sunum grupları: 1.
Kıyılmış kuru çayır otu ve kesif yem karışımı (KR), 2. Doğal formda kuru çayır
otu ve kesif yemin iki ayrı yemlikte sunumu (AAR) şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Toplam
25 adet Siyah Alaca buzağı (14' ü KR grubunda, 11'i AAR grubunda olmak üzere)
araştırma materyali olarak kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma sonuçları, buzağıların 3 ay (P<0.05) ve 6 ay (P<0.01) ağırlıkları ile sütten
kesim-3 ay arası (P<0.05), 3-6 ay arası (P<0.01) günlük canlı ağırlık
artışlarının AAR lehine olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca doğum-6 aylık yaş
periyodunda, AAR yöntemiyle beslenen buzağıların, KR ile yemlenenlere göre daha
fazla (P<0.01) yem tükettikleri, ancak yemden yararlanma dereceleri
bakımından muamele grupları arasında önemli bir farkın bulunmadığı da belirlenmiştir.
İki farklı yemleme yönteminin, doğum-6 aylık yaş periyodunda göğüs derinliği ve
göğüs çevresi gelişimi açısından AAR lehine önemli (P<0.05) etkileri
olmuştur. Deneme süresince AAR yöntemiyle yemlenen buzağılarda daha az
(P<0.01) oranda ayakta durma ve daha fazla (P<0.01) yem yeme ile su içme
(P<0.05) davranışları gösterdikleri de saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Siyah
Alaca buzağılara doğal formda ve kesif yemden ayrı olarak verilen kaba yemin
(AAR yöntemi), karışık rasyonla yemlemeye göre daha fazla ağırlık artışı ve yem
tüketimine neden olduğu, yemden yararlanma derecesini olumsuz yönde
etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi koşullarında yetiştirilen
Siyah Alaca buzağılarını AAR yöntemiyle yemlemenin daha uygun olduğu sonucuna
varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyah Alaca buzağı yem sunum yöntemleri canlı ağırlık artışı davranış özellikleri
Kaynakça
- Atwood SB, Provenza FD, Wiedmeier RD, Banner RE 2001. Influence of Free-Choice vs Mixed-Ration Diets on Food Intake and Performance of Fattening Calves. Journal of Animal Science, 79: 3034-3040.
- Bakır G. Demirel M 2001. Van İli ve İlçelerindeki Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Kullanılan Yem Çeşitleri ve Hayvan Besleme Alışkanlıkları. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1): 29-37.
- Beharka AA, Nagaraja TG, Morrill JL, Kennedy GA, Klemm, RD 1998. Effect of Form of Diet on Anatomical Microbial and Fermantative Development of The Rumen Neonatal Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 81:1946-1955.
- Chua B, Coenen E, Delen J, Weary DM 2002. Effects of Pairy Versus Individual Housing on The Behaviour and Performance of Dairy Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 85:360- 364.
- Coverdale JA, Tyler HD, Quigley JD, Brumm JA 2004. Effect of Various Levels of Forage and Form of Diet on Rumen Development and Growth in Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 87: 2554-2562.
- DeVires TJ, von Keyserlingk MA G 2009. Feeding Method Affects The Feding Behavior of Growing Dairy Heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 92:1161–1168.
- Diler A, Koçyiğit R, Yanar M, Aydın R, Güler O, Avcı M 2016. Erzurum İli Hınıs İlçesi Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Sığır Besleme Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Anadolu Tarım Bilim. Derg. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(1):149-156.
- Greter AM, Leslie KE, Mason GJ, McBride BW, DeVries TJ 2010. Effect of Feed Delivery Method on The Behavior and Growth of Dairy Heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 1668-1676.
- Güler O, Yanar M, Bayram B 2003. Effect of Different Milk Feeding Schedules on the Growth and Feed Conversion Efficiencies in Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss Calves. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 73(11):1278-1280.
- Hassani MW, Görgülü M, Göncü S 2017. Effect of Choice Feeding in The Pre-Weaning Period on The Growth Performance of Calves During The Pre- and Post-Weaning Periods. Asian Research Journal of Agriculture, 5(1): 1-8.
- Hill TM, Bateman HG, Aldrich JM, Schlotterbeck RL 2010. Roughage Amount, Source, and Processing for Diets Fed to Weaned Dairy Calves. The Professional Animal Scientist, 26:181–187.
- Hozman SB 2014. Sivas İli Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliğine Üye Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinde Hayvan Besleme Uygulamaları. Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 144 s.
- Hunter L, Houpt KA 1989. Bedding Material Preferences of Ponies. Journal of Animal Science, 67:1986- 1991.
- Iraira S, Ruíz de la Torre J, Rodríguez-Prado M, Manteca X, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A 2012. Effect of Feeding Method on Intake and Behaviour of Individually Reared Beef Heifers Fed Concantrate Diet from 115 to 185 kg of Body Weight. Animal, 6:1483-1490.
- Kincaid RL 1980. Alternate Methods of Feeding Alfalfa to Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 63: 91–94.
- Krause KM, Oetzel GR 2006. Understanding and Preventing Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Herds: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 126: 215–236.
- Martin P, Bateson P 1993. Measuring Behaviour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Maekawa M, Beauchemin KA, Christensen DA 2002. Effect of Concentrates Level and Feeding Management on Chewing Activities, Saliva Production and Ruminal pH of Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 85:1165 -1175.
- Miller-Cushon EK, Bergeron R, Leslie KE,Mason GJ, DeVries TJ 2013. Effect of Early Exposure to Different Feed Presentations on Feed Sorting of Dairy Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(7): 4624-4633.
- Montoro C, Miller-Cushon EK, DeVries TJ, Bach A 2013. Effect of Physical Form of Forage on Performance, Feeding Behavior, and Digestibility of Holstein Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(2): 1117-1124.
- Nissanka N, Bandara R, Disnaka K 2010. A Comparative Study on Feeding of Total Mixed Ration vs Conventional Feeding on Weight Gain in Weaned Friesian Heifers Under Tropical Environment. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(1):42-51.
- Özlütürk A, Yanar M, Tüzemen N, Kopuzlu S 2006. Calving and Preweaning Growth Performance Traits of Calves Sired by Charolais, Simmental and Eastern Anatolian Red Bulls. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 30: 257-263.
- Plaza J, Martínez Y, Ibalmea R 2009. Roughage Handling in The Feeding of Reposition Female Calves. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 43(1): 17-19.
- SPSS (2004). SPSS 13.0 for Windows, Release 13.0. SPSS Inc. Chicago, Il., USA.
- Turgut L, Yanar M, Tüzemen N, 1997. Kaba Yem Formunun Esmer Buzağılarda Büyüme ve Yemden Yararlanma Özelliklerine Etkileri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (3):11-22.
- Vasseur E, Borderas F, Cue RI, Lefebvre D, Pellerin D, Rushen J, Wade KM, de Passillé AM 2010. A Survey of Dairy Calf Management Practices in Canada that Affect Animal Welfare. Journal of Dairy Science, 93:1307–1315.
Effects of Different Feed Presentation Methods on the Growth Performance, Feed Intake and Some Behavioral Traits of Holstein Friesian Calves
Öz
This study was carried out to investigate effects of
the two different feed presentation methods on the growth performance, feed
intake, feed efficiency and some behavioral traits of Holstein Friesian calves.
Feed presentation groups are: 1. Mixture of chopped dry hay and concentrate
(MR), 2. Presentation of the concentrate and dry hay at natural form in two
different feed bunks (SR). A total of 25 Holstein Friesian calves (14 heads in
MR group; 11 heads in SR group) was used as research material. Results of the
study revealed that 3 months (P<0.05) and 6 months (P<0.01) weights as
well as weight gains between weaning and 3 months of age (P<0.05) and
between 3 and 6 months (P<0.01) were in favor of SR. Additionally, calves
fed according to SR method consumed higher (P<0.01) amount of feed compared
to those in MR group, but it was also found out that there was no significant
difference between treatment groups concerning feed efficiency values. Two
different feed presentation methods had significant influence (P<0.05) on
the gains of hearth depth and hearth girth in a period between birth and 6
months of age in favor of MR. It was also determined that calves fed according
to SR method had lower (P<0.01) percentage of time spent for standing
behavior and greater percentage of time spent for feeding (P<0.01) and
drinking water (P<0.05) during the trial. As a result, presentation of the concentrate
and dry hay at natural form in two different feeders (SR) to the Holstein
Friesian calves resulted in higher weight gain as well as feed intake compared
to MR feeding, and it did not affect adversely feed efficiency value. For that
reasons, it was concluded that SR method was more appropriate for the Holstein
Friesian calves raised under conditions of the Eastern Anatolian Region.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Holstein Friesian calf feed presentation methods weight gain behavioral traits
Kaynakça
- Atwood SB, Provenza FD, Wiedmeier RD, Banner RE 2001. Influence of Free-Choice vs Mixed-Ration Diets on Food Intake and Performance of Fattening Calves. Journal of Animal Science, 79: 3034-3040.
- Bakır G. Demirel M 2001. Van İli ve İlçelerindeki Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Kullanılan Yem Çeşitleri ve Hayvan Besleme Alışkanlıkları. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1): 29-37.
- Beharka AA, Nagaraja TG, Morrill JL, Kennedy GA, Klemm, RD 1998. Effect of Form of Diet on Anatomical Microbial and Fermantative Development of The Rumen Neonatal Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 81:1946-1955.
- Chua B, Coenen E, Delen J, Weary DM 2002. Effects of Pairy Versus Individual Housing on The Behaviour and Performance of Dairy Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 85:360- 364.
- Coverdale JA, Tyler HD, Quigley JD, Brumm JA 2004. Effect of Various Levels of Forage and Form of Diet on Rumen Development and Growth in Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 87: 2554-2562.
- DeVires TJ, von Keyserlingk MA G 2009. Feeding Method Affects The Feding Behavior of Growing Dairy Heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 92:1161–1168.
- Diler A, Koçyiğit R, Yanar M, Aydın R, Güler O, Avcı M 2016. Erzurum İli Hınıs İlçesi Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Sığır Besleme Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Anadolu Tarım Bilim. Derg. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(1):149-156.
- Greter AM, Leslie KE, Mason GJ, McBride BW, DeVries TJ 2010. Effect of Feed Delivery Method on The Behavior and Growth of Dairy Heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 1668-1676.
- Güler O, Yanar M, Bayram B 2003. Effect of Different Milk Feeding Schedules on the Growth and Feed Conversion Efficiencies in Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss Calves. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 73(11):1278-1280.
- Hassani MW, Görgülü M, Göncü S 2017. Effect of Choice Feeding in The Pre-Weaning Period on The Growth Performance of Calves During The Pre- and Post-Weaning Periods. Asian Research Journal of Agriculture, 5(1): 1-8.
- Hill TM, Bateman HG, Aldrich JM, Schlotterbeck RL 2010. Roughage Amount, Source, and Processing for Diets Fed to Weaned Dairy Calves. The Professional Animal Scientist, 26:181–187.
- Hozman SB 2014. Sivas İli Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliğine Üye Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinde Hayvan Besleme Uygulamaları. Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 144 s.
- Hunter L, Houpt KA 1989. Bedding Material Preferences of Ponies. Journal of Animal Science, 67:1986- 1991.
- Iraira S, Ruíz de la Torre J, Rodríguez-Prado M, Manteca X, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A 2012. Effect of Feeding Method on Intake and Behaviour of Individually Reared Beef Heifers Fed Concantrate Diet from 115 to 185 kg of Body Weight. Animal, 6:1483-1490.
- Kincaid RL 1980. Alternate Methods of Feeding Alfalfa to Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 63: 91–94.
- Krause KM, Oetzel GR 2006. Understanding and Preventing Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Herds: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 126: 215–236.
- Martin P, Bateson P 1993. Measuring Behaviour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Maekawa M, Beauchemin KA, Christensen DA 2002. Effect of Concentrates Level and Feeding Management on Chewing Activities, Saliva Production and Ruminal pH of Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 85:1165 -1175.
- Miller-Cushon EK, Bergeron R, Leslie KE,Mason GJ, DeVries TJ 2013. Effect of Early Exposure to Different Feed Presentations on Feed Sorting of Dairy Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(7): 4624-4633.
- Montoro C, Miller-Cushon EK, DeVries TJ, Bach A 2013. Effect of Physical Form of Forage on Performance, Feeding Behavior, and Digestibility of Holstein Calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(2): 1117-1124.
- Nissanka N, Bandara R, Disnaka K 2010. A Comparative Study on Feeding of Total Mixed Ration vs Conventional Feeding on Weight Gain in Weaned Friesian Heifers Under Tropical Environment. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(1):42-51.
- Özlütürk A, Yanar M, Tüzemen N, Kopuzlu S 2006. Calving and Preweaning Growth Performance Traits of Calves Sired by Charolais, Simmental and Eastern Anatolian Red Bulls. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 30: 257-263.
- Plaza J, Martínez Y, Ibalmea R 2009. Roughage Handling in The Feeding of Reposition Female Calves. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 43(1): 17-19.
- SPSS (2004). SPSS 13.0 for Windows, Release 13.0. SPSS Inc. Chicago, Il., USA.
- Turgut L, Yanar M, Tüzemen N, 1997. Kaba Yem Formunun Esmer Buzağılarda Büyüme ve Yemden Yararlanma Özelliklerine Etkileri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (3):11-22.
- Vasseur E, Borderas F, Cue RI, Lefebvre D, Pellerin D, Rushen J, Wade KM, de Passillé AM 2010. A Survey of Dairy Calf Management Practices in Canada that Affect Animal Welfare. Journal of Dairy Science, 93:1307–1315.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 19 Ocak 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 19 Şubat 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
Dry Period in Dairy Cattle: II. Influence on Calf Survival and Growth Performance
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1013499
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