Linum arboreum L. (Linaceae) Türünün Antioksidan İçeriği ve Serbest Radikal Süpürücü Aktivitesi

Gamze Yıldız; Ceren Aktürk; Merve Özerkan; Özer Yılmaz

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.530120

Araştırma Makalesi

Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Antioxidant Contents of Linum arboreum L. (Linaceae)

Yıl 2019, Cilt 22 (Ek Sayı 1), 16 - 23, 31.10.2019

Gamze Yıldız , Ceren Aktürk Merve Özerkan Özer Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.530120

Cited By: 4

Öz

Nowadays, in studies show
that plants are rich in antioxidant such as carotenoids, pigments, phenols and
flavonoids.
Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the free radical
scavenging activity and antioxidant content of methanol extract of leaf and
fruit of Linum arboreum L. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2’-azinobis (3-etil-bezotiazolin 6
sulfonat) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, total
antioxidant, total phenolic and total flavonoid assay were carried out to
evaluate the antioxidant potential of the methanolic extracts. The IC₅₀
values were calculated for the DPPH and ABTS assays in order to evaluate the
antioxidant efficiency of each of the L.
arboreum extracts. According to our results, IC₅₀ values for
DPPH were 106.55 ± 1.20 mg ml^-1 and 108.56 ± 2.65 mg ml^-1 while IC₅₀
values for ABTS were 1144.8 ± 38.44 mg ml^-1 and 1114.7 ± 37.09 mg ml^-1 for the
leaf and fruit extracts, respectively. Free radical scavenging activity of leaf
and fruit extracts did not differ significantly from each other. However, leaf
extract showed a significantly greater total flavonoid and total antioxidant
contents compared to fruit extract. As a result, L. arboreum could be considered as a potential source of natural
antioxidant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ABTS , Antioxidant , DPPH , Linum arboreum , Linaceae

Kaynakça

Alhakmani F, Kumar S, Khan SA 2013. Estimation of total phenolic content, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of flowers of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(8): 623-627.
Agbo MO, Uzor PF, Akazie-Nneji UN, Eze-Odurukwe CU, Ogbatue UB, Mbaoji EC. 2015. Antioxidant, total phenolic and flavonoid content of selected Nigerian Medicinal Plants. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(1): 35-41.
Arıduru R, Arabacı G 2013. Ciğertaze otu (Salvia officinalis) bitkisinin antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2: 241-246.
Antasionasti I, Riyanto S, Rohman A 2017. Antioxidant activities and phenolics contents of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) peel in vitro. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 11: 55-61.
Banjarnahor SDS, Artanti N 2014. Antioxidant properties of flavonoids. Medical Journal Indonesia, 23(4): 239-244.
Bahadır Ö 2003. Linum olympicum Boiss., bitkisi üzerinde ariltetralin grubu ve diğer grup lignan bileşiklerinin araştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 140 s.
Baytop T 1999. Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara, 480s.
Blois, MS 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181: 1199-1200.
Brighente IMC, Dias M, Verdi LG, Pizzolatti MG 2007. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Brazilian species. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45(2): 156-161.
Carlsen MH, Halvorsen BL, Holte K, Bohn S, Dragland S, Sampson L, Willey C, Senoo H, Umezonu Y, Sanada C, Barikmo I, Berhe N, Willett WC, Philips KM, Jacobs DR, Blomhoff R 2010. The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldvide. Nutrition Journal, 9: 3.
Çoban T, Konuklugil B 2005. Free radical scavenging activity of Linum arboreum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43(4): 370-372.
Ertuğ F 1998. Anadolu’nun Önemli Yağ Bitkilerinden Keten / Linum ve Izgın / Eruca. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, 1: 113-123.
Ghamsemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Rahmat A 2010. Antioxidant acrivity, total phenolics and flavonoid content in two varieties of Malaysia young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Molecules, 15: 4324-4333.
Gökpınar Ş, Koray T, Akçiçek E, Göksan T, Durmaz Y 2006. Algal Antioksidanlar. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, E.U. Journal of Fisheries &Aquatic Sciences, 23: 85-89.
Halliwel B, Gutteridge JMC 1999. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford University Press, 944s.
Hatano T, Edamatsu R, Hiramatsu M, Mori A, Fıjita Y, Yasuhara T, Yoshida T, Okuda T 1989. Effects of the Interaction of Tannins with Co-Existing Substances. VI.: Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols on Superoxide Anion Radical, and on 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 37(8): 2016-2021.
Işık FE 2005. Edirne Bölgesinde Yetişen Trifolium resupinatum L. var. Microcephalum Bitkisinin Fitokimyasal İncelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi, Doktora tezi, 133s.
Khalaf NA, Shakya AK, Al-Othman A, El-Agbar Z, Farah H 2008. Antioxidant activity of some common plants. Turkish Journal of Biology, 32: 51-55.
Kumaran A, Karunakaran RJ 2007. In vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of five Phyllanthus species from India. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 40(2): 344-352.
Manikandan R, Anand AV, Rengaraj RL, Vinayakamoorthi P, Ramalingam R 2017. In vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of Pisum guajava leaves. Pharmacology, toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 3(3): 50-54.
Lin HT, Nah SL, Huang YY, Wu SC 2010. Potential antioxidant components and characteristics of fresh Polygonum multiflorum. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 18(2): 120-127.
Miliauskas G, Venskutonıs PR, Van beek TA 2004. Screening ofradical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. FoodChemisrty, 85: 231-237.
Melchior H 1964. A. Engler’s Syllabus Der Pflanzenfamilien. II.Band. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 666s.
Molehin OR, Adefeghu SA 2014. Comparative study of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Momordica foetida on the phenolic content and antioxidant properties. International Food Research Journal, 21(1): 401-405.
Mot C.A., Dumitrescu S.R., Sarbu C 2011. Rapid and effective evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of propolis extracts using DPPH bleaching kinetic profiles, FT-IR and UV-VIS spectroscopic data, Journal of Food Composite and Analysis, 24: 516-522.
Moteriya P, Ram J, Rathod T, Chanda S 2014. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial potential of leaf and stem of Gloriosa superba L. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 2(6): 703-787.
Noreen H, Semmar N, Farman M, McCullagh JSO 2017. Measurement of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of medicinal plant Coronopus didymus. Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10(8): 792-801.
O’Byrne DJ, Devaraj S, Grundy SM, Jialal I 2002. Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stres in healthy adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(6): 1367-1374.
Oyaizu M 1986. Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine. Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44: 307-315.
Palakkal L, Hukuman NH, Mullappally J 2017. Antioxidant activities and chemical composition of various crude extracts of Lepidagathis keralensis. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(06): 182-189.
Patel DK, Kumar R, Laloo D, Hemalatha S 2011. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activities of the different fraction of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn.) F. Muell. (Violaceae). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 4 (5): 391-396.
Proestos C, Lytoudi K, Mavromelanidou OK, Zoumpoulakis P, Sinanoglou VJ 2013. Antioxidant capacity of selected plant extracts and their essential oils. Antioxidants, 2: 11-22
Ratty AK, Das NP 1988. Effects of flavonoids on nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation: structure-activity relationship. Biochemical Medicine and Metabolic Biology, 39(1): 69-79.
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice- Evans C 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9–10): 1231-1237.
Shahid-Ud-Daula AFM, Kamariah AS, Lim LBL, Ahmad N 2015. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaves stems and rhizoms of Etlingera coccinea (Blume) S. Sakai & Nagam. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 7(5):873-883.
Shahidi F, Janitha PK, Wanasundara PD 1992. Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 32: 67-103.
Selamoğlu Z, Dusgun C, Akgül H, Gülhan MF 2017. In vitro antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extracts of some contained allantoin plants. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 16: 92-98.
Shukla K, Chaturvedi N 2016. In vitro antioxidant properties of different parts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. International Journal of advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry, 5(2): 196-201.
Singleton VL, Rossi JA 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144-158.
Stankoviç MS 2011. Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity of Marrubium pregrinum L. extracts. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 33: 63-72.
Song FL, Gan RY, Zhang Y, Xiao Q, Kuang L, Li HB 2010. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of selected Chinese medicinal plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11: 2362-2372
Velioglu YS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD 1998. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic in selected fruits, vegetables and grain products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46: 4113-4117.
Yılmaz Ö 2018. Linum ayliniae (Linaceae), a New Species from West Anatolia, Turkey, Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature, 26(2): 171-179.
Zanwar AA, Hegde MV, Bodhankar SL 2010. In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Linum usitatissimum. Pharmacologyonline, 1: 683-696

Linum arboreum L. (Linaceae) Türünün Antioksidan İçeriği ve Serbest Radikal Süpürücü Aktivitesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt 22 (Ek Sayı 1), 16 - 23, 31.10.2019

Gamze Yıldız , Ceren Aktürk Merve Özerkan Özer Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.530120

Cited By: 4

Öz

Günümüzde, yapılan çalışmalar
bitkilerin karotenoidler, pigmentler, fenoller ve flavonoidler gibi
antioksidanlar bakımından zengin olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle çalışma Linum arboreum L. yaprak ve meyve
metanolik özütlerinin serbest radikal süpürücü aktivitesini ve antioksidan
içeriğini belirlemek için tasarlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada L. arboreum türünün
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radikal süpürme aktivitesi, 2,2’-azinobis (3-etil-bezotiazolin
6 sulfonat) (ABTS) radikal süpürme aktivitesi, indirgeme gücü, toplam
antioksidan, toplam fenol ve toplam flavonoid içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Her
iki özütün antioksidan etkinliğini değerlendirmek için DPPH ve ABTS testlerinde
IC₅₀ değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlarımıza göre sırasıyla yaprak
ve meyve için IC₅₀ değerleri DPPH analizinde 106.55 ± 1.20 mg ml^-1 ve 108.56
± 2.65 mg ml^-1iken,
ABTS analizinde 1144.8 ± 38.44 mg ml^-1 ve 1114.7 ± 37.09 mg ml^-1 olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Yaprak ve meyve özütlerinin serbest radikal temizleme
aktiviteleri istatistiksel olarak birbirinden farklı bulunmamıştır. Bununla
birlikte meyve özütü ile kıyaslandığında, yaprak özütü önemli ölçüde daha
yüksek toplam flavonoid ve toplam antioksidan içeriği göstermiştir. Sonuç
olarak veriler L. arboreum türünün
potansiyel bir doğal antioksidan kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebileceğini
göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ABTS , Antioksidan , DPPH , Linum arboreum , Linaceae

Kaynakça

Alhakmani F, Kumar S, Khan SA 2013. Estimation of total phenolic content, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of flowers of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(8): 623-627.
Agbo MO, Uzor PF, Akazie-Nneji UN, Eze-Odurukwe CU, Ogbatue UB, Mbaoji EC. 2015. Antioxidant, total phenolic and flavonoid content of selected Nigerian Medicinal Plants. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(1): 35-41.
Arıduru R, Arabacı G 2013. Ciğertaze otu (Salvia officinalis) bitkisinin antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2: 241-246.
Antasionasti I, Riyanto S, Rohman A 2017. Antioxidant activities and phenolics contents of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) peel in vitro. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 11: 55-61.
Banjarnahor SDS, Artanti N 2014. Antioxidant properties of flavonoids. Medical Journal Indonesia, 23(4): 239-244.
Bahadır Ö 2003. Linum olympicum Boiss., bitkisi üzerinde ariltetralin grubu ve diğer grup lignan bileşiklerinin araştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 140 s.
Baytop T 1999. Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara, 480s.
Blois, MS 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181: 1199-1200.
Brighente IMC, Dias M, Verdi LG, Pizzolatti MG 2007. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Brazilian species. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45(2): 156-161.
Carlsen MH, Halvorsen BL, Holte K, Bohn S, Dragland S, Sampson L, Willey C, Senoo H, Umezonu Y, Sanada C, Barikmo I, Berhe N, Willett WC, Philips KM, Jacobs DR, Blomhoff R 2010. The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldvide. Nutrition Journal, 9: 3.
Çoban T, Konuklugil B 2005. Free radical scavenging activity of Linum arboreum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43(4): 370-372.
Ertuğ F 1998. Anadolu’nun Önemli Yağ Bitkilerinden Keten / Linum ve Izgın / Eruca. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, 1: 113-123.
Ghamsemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Rahmat A 2010. Antioxidant acrivity, total phenolics and flavonoid content in two varieties of Malaysia young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Molecules, 15: 4324-4333.
Gökpınar Ş, Koray T, Akçiçek E, Göksan T, Durmaz Y 2006. Algal Antioksidanlar. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, E.U. Journal of Fisheries &Aquatic Sciences, 23: 85-89.
Halliwel B, Gutteridge JMC 1999. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford University Press, 944s.
Hatano T, Edamatsu R, Hiramatsu M, Mori A, Fıjita Y, Yasuhara T, Yoshida T, Okuda T 1989. Effects of the Interaction of Tannins with Co-Existing Substances. VI.: Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols on Superoxide Anion Radical, and on 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 37(8): 2016-2021.
Işık FE 2005. Edirne Bölgesinde Yetişen Trifolium resupinatum L. var. Microcephalum Bitkisinin Fitokimyasal İncelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi, Doktora tezi, 133s.
Khalaf NA, Shakya AK, Al-Othman A, El-Agbar Z, Farah H 2008. Antioxidant activity of some common plants. Turkish Journal of Biology, 32: 51-55.
Kumaran A, Karunakaran RJ 2007. In vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of five Phyllanthus species from India. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 40(2): 344-352.
Manikandan R, Anand AV, Rengaraj RL, Vinayakamoorthi P, Ramalingam R 2017. In vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of Pisum guajava leaves. Pharmacology, toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 3(3): 50-54.
Lin HT, Nah SL, Huang YY, Wu SC 2010. Potential antioxidant components and characteristics of fresh Polygonum multiflorum. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 18(2): 120-127.
Miliauskas G, Venskutonıs PR, Van beek TA 2004. Screening ofradical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. FoodChemisrty, 85: 231-237.
Melchior H 1964. A. Engler’s Syllabus Der Pflanzenfamilien. II.Band. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 666s.
Molehin OR, Adefeghu SA 2014. Comparative study of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Momordica foetida on the phenolic content and antioxidant properties. International Food Research Journal, 21(1): 401-405.
Mot C.A., Dumitrescu S.R., Sarbu C 2011. Rapid and effective evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of propolis extracts using DPPH bleaching kinetic profiles, FT-IR and UV-VIS spectroscopic data, Journal of Food Composite and Analysis, 24: 516-522.
Moteriya P, Ram J, Rathod T, Chanda S 2014. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial potential of leaf and stem of Gloriosa superba L. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 2(6): 703-787.
Noreen H, Semmar N, Farman M, McCullagh JSO 2017. Measurement of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of medicinal plant Coronopus didymus. Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10(8): 792-801.
O’Byrne DJ, Devaraj S, Grundy SM, Jialal I 2002. Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stres in healthy adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(6): 1367-1374.
Oyaizu M 1986. Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine. Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44: 307-315.
Palakkal L, Hukuman NH, Mullappally J 2017. Antioxidant activities and chemical composition of various crude extracts of Lepidagathis keralensis. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(06): 182-189.
Patel DK, Kumar R, Laloo D, Hemalatha S 2011. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activities of the different fraction of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn.) F. Muell. (Violaceae). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 4 (5): 391-396.
Proestos C, Lytoudi K, Mavromelanidou OK, Zoumpoulakis P, Sinanoglou VJ 2013. Antioxidant capacity of selected plant extracts and their essential oils. Antioxidants, 2: 11-22
Ratty AK, Das NP 1988. Effects of flavonoids on nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation: structure-activity relationship. Biochemical Medicine and Metabolic Biology, 39(1): 69-79.
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice- Evans C 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9–10): 1231-1237.
Shahid-Ud-Daula AFM, Kamariah AS, Lim LBL, Ahmad N 2015. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaves stems and rhizoms of Etlingera coccinea (Blume) S. Sakai & Nagam. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 7(5):873-883.
Shahidi F, Janitha PK, Wanasundara PD 1992. Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 32: 67-103.
Selamoğlu Z, Dusgun C, Akgül H, Gülhan MF 2017. In vitro antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extracts of some contained allantoin plants. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 16: 92-98.
Shukla K, Chaturvedi N 2016. In vitro antioxidant properties of different parts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. International Journal of advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry, 5(2): 196-201.
Singleton VL, Rossi JA 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144-158.
Stankoviç MS 2011. Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity of Marrubium pregrinum L. extracts. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 33: 63-72.
Song FL, Gan RY, Zhang Y, Xiao Q, Kuang L, Li HB 2010. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of selected Chinese medicinal plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11: 2362-2372
Velioglu YS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD 1998. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic in selected fruits, vegetables and grain products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46: 4113-4117.
Yılmaz Ö 2018. Linum ayliniae (Linaceae), a New Species from West Anatolia, Turkey, Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature, 26(2): 171-179.
Zanwar AA, Hegde MV, Bodhankar SL 2010. In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Linum usitatissimum. Pharmacologyonline, 1: 683-696

Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar	Gamze Yıldız 0000-0001-6461-0850 Ceren Aktürk 0000-0003-0927-7308 Merve Özerkan 0000-0001-9432-8549 Özer Yılmaz 0000-0003-1498-5827
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi	21 Şubat 2019
Kabul Tarihi	30 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2019 Cilt 22 (Ek Sayı 1)

Kaynak Göster

APA	Yıldız, G., Aktürk, C., Özerkan, M., Yılmaz, Ö. (2019). Linum arboreum L. (Linaceae) Türünün Antioksidan İçeriği ve Serbest Radikal Süpürücü Aktivitesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 22, 16-23. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.530120