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Determination and Comparison of Macro, Trace and Toxic Element Content of Some Roughages by ICP OES Technique

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 580 - 592, 27.03.2025

Mehmet Düzgün , Şerif Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1544769

Öz

It is critical to determine the amount of mineral and toxic elements in roughages, which play an important role in animal nutrition. In this study, macro (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P), trace (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Sn, V, Si, Se, Sr, Sb, B), and toxic element (Al, As, Be, Cd, Pb) analysis of 14 roughages were determined by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optik Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) method. CRM (NCS DC 73350, poplar leaves) confirmed the accuracy of the method. The samples were solubilized according to the microwave wet digestion method. The macro, trace and toxic element contents of 14 roughages were compared and evaluated according to the results of the analyses. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) displayed the groups as dendrograms. Toxic elements like As, Be, Cd, Co, and Sb were not found in any of the samples. The only one that was found was Pb, which was 0.181±0.12, 0.45+0.07, and 0.40+0.13 mg kg-1 in grain corn leaf, sorghum leaf, and lentil straw, in that order. On the other hand, Sn was found as 0.01+0.005 mg kg-1 only in fodder pea stalk and Si was identified as 1015+140 mg kg-1 only in chickpea straw. In the study, it can be suggested that different roughages contain macro and trace elements at varying rates, and these roughages can be included in the rations according to these element ratios.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ICP OES Makro elements Trace elements Toxic elements Roughages

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, A., Macit, M., & Karaoğlu, M. (2000). Hayvan besleme, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Ofset Tesisi, Erzurum, 179-199.
  • Ahmadi, A., & Ziarati, P. (2015). Chemical composition profile of canned and fozen sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in Iran. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 31(2), 1065–1070. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/310256
  • Bakken, N. A., & Hunt, C. D. (2003). Dietary boron decreases peak pancreatic in Situ insulin release in chicks and plasma insulin concentrations in rats regardless of vitamin D or magnesium status. Journal of Nutrition, 133(11), 3577–3583. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3577
  • Baloda, S., Sihag, S., Promila, S., & Yadav, K.K. (2018). Mineral Composition of Green and Dry Roughagein Gurgaon District of Haryana, India, Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(4), 1411-1416. https://doi.org/ 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.159
  • Bozkurt, Z., Görgülü, M., & Çelik, L. (2007). Kekik (Oregano vulgare) ve çörekotu (Nigella sativa) esansiyel yağı ile propolisin buğday samanının in vitro gerçek kuru madde, organik madde ve NDF sindirilebilirliğine etkileri. IV. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, 24 – 28 Haziran 2007, Uludağ, Bursa, Tam Metinler Kitabı, 94-97.
  • Carroll, J.A., & Forsberg, N.E. (2007). Influence of stress and nutrition on cattle immunity. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 23(1), 105-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.01.003
  • Çimrin, T., & Demirel, M. (2012). Kanatlı karma yemlerinde bor elementlerinin kullanımı. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17 (1), 46-56. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ yyufbed/issue/21966/235853
  • Demir, B. S. (2005). Borun insan ve bitki için önemi ve bazı üzüm çeşitlerinde bor tayini (Tez No: 198126). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı] Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Eğritaş, Ö., & Aşci, Ö. Ö. (2015). Yaygın fiğ ‐ tahıl karışımlarının bazı mineral madde içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 4(1), 13-18, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/azd/issue/32193/358127
  • Emmanuel, S.A., Mika, S.R., Alabi, F.M., Olajide, O.O., Sallau, A.A., Adedirin, O., Fadeyi, A.E., Akiode, S.O., Uzama, D., & Orishabide, A.T. (2022). Nutritional analysis of sweet sorghum stalk as main excipient of compounded dairy and beef cattle feed, Natural Products Chemistry & Research, 10 (1), 1-4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358721955
  • Ensminger, M. E., Oldfield, J. E., & Heinemann, W.W. (1990). Feeds & Nutrition, second ed., The Ensminger Publishing Company, California, U.S.A., pp. 890.
  • Eren, M., Uyanik, F., & Kucukersan, S. (2004). The influence of dietary boron supplementation on egg quality and serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in laying hens. Research in Veterinary Science, 76 (3), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.11.004
  • Ergül, M. (1993). Yemler bilgisi ve teknolojisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 487,
  • Gökkuş, A., Parlak, A. Z., Baytekin, H., & Hakyemez, B. H. (2013). Akdeniz kuşağı çalılı meralarında otsu türlerin mineral içeriklerinin değişimi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 1-10, https://dergipark.org.tr/ tr/pub/jotaf/issue/19037/201336
  • Gülümser, E., Mut, H., Doğrusöz, M. Ç., & Başaran, U. (2017). Baklagil yem bitkisi tahıl karışımların ot kalitesi üzerinde ekim oranlarının etkisi. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(3), 43-51. https://doi.org/ 10.15316/SJAFS.2017.33
  • Gürsoy, E., & Maci̇t, M. (2017). Determination of mineral contents of some legume and cereal forages grown as naturally in pastures of Erzurum Province. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 32(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.279756
  • Haddad, C.M., & Alves, F.V. (2006). Minerais para gado de corte. In: Bittar C,Moura JC, Faria VP, Mattos WRS, editores. Minerais e Aditivos Para Bovinos. Piracicaba: Fundação de Estudos Agrários Luiz de Queiroz – FEALQ, 63-76.
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  • Juniper, D.T., Phipps, R.H., Ramos-Morales, E., & Bertin, G. (2009). Effects of dietary supplementation with selenium enriched yeast or sodium selenite on seleniım tissue distribution and meat quality in lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 149(3-4), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.06.009
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Bazı Kaba Yemlerin Makro, İz ve Toksik Element İçeriklerinin ICP OES Tekniği Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi ve Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 580 - 592, 27.03.2025

Mehmet Düzgün , Şerif Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1544769

Öz

Ruminant hayvanların beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olan kaba yemlerde mineral ve toksik elementlerin miktarının belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, 14 kaba yemin makro (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P), iz (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Sn, V, Si, Se, Sr, Sb ve B) ve toksik element (Al, As, Be, Cd, Pb) miktarları İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma Optik Emisyon Spektrometresi (ICP OES) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Yöntemin doğruluğu CRM (NCS DC 73350, kavak yaprakları) ile teyit edilmiştir. Örnekler mikrodalga yaş yakma yöntemine göre çözündürülmüştür. Analiz sonuçları çerçevesinde 14 kaba yemin makro, iz ve toksik element içerikleri karşılaştırılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi (HCA) ile gruplar dendogram olarak gösterilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, tane mısır yaprağı, sorgum yaprağı ve mercimek samanında sırasıyla 0,181±0,12, 0,45+0,07, 0,40+0,13 mg kg-1 Pb tespit edilirken, toksik elementler (As, Be, Cd, Co ve Sb) hiçbir örnekte tespit edilmemiştir. Öte yandan, Sn sadece yem bezelyesi sapında (0.01+0.005 mg kg-1) ve Si sadece nohut samanında (1015+140 mg kg-1) tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada farklı kaba yemlerin değişen oranlarda makro ve eser element ihtiva ettiği ve bu kaba yemlerin içerdikleri bu element oranlarına göre rasyonlara dahil edilebileceği önerisi yapılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Makro elementler İz elementler Toksik elementler Kaba yemler ICP OES

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, A., Macit, M., & Karaoğlu, M. (2000). Hayvan besleme, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Ofset Tesisi, Erzurum, 179-199.
  • Ahmadi, A., & Ziarati, P. (2015). Chemical composition profile of canned and fozen sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in Iran. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 31(2), 1065–1070. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/310256
  • Bakken, N. A., & Hunt, C. D. (2003). Dietary boron decreases peak pancreatic in Situ insulin release in chicks and plasma insulin concentrations in rats regardless of vitamin D or magnesium status. Journal of Nutrition, 133(11), 3577–3583. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3577
  • Baloda, S., Sihag, S., Promila, S., & Yadav, K.K. (2018). Mineral Composition of Green and Dry Roughagein Gurgaon District of Haryana, India, Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(4), 1411-1416. https://doi.org/ 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.159
  • Bozkurt, Z., Görgülü, M., & Çelik, L. (2007). Kekik (Oregano vulgare) ve çörekotu (Nigella sativa) esansiyel yağı ile propolisin buğday samanının in vitro gerçek kuru madde, organik madde ve NDF sindirilebilirliğine etkileri. IV. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, 24 – 28 Haziran 2007, Uludağ, Bursa, Tam Metinler Kitabı, 94-97.
  • Carroll, J.A., & Forsberg, N.E. (2007). Influence of stress and nutrition on cattle immunity. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 23(1), 105-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.01.003
  • Çimrin, T., & Demirel, M. (2012). Kanatlı karma yemlerinde bor elementlerinin kullanımı. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17 (1), 46-56. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ yyufbed/issue/21966/235853
  • Demir, B. S. (2005). Borun insan ve bitki için önemi ve bazı üzüm çeşitlerinde bor tayini (Tez No: 198126). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı] Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Eğritaş, Ö., & Aşci, Ö. Ö. (2015). Yaygın fiğ ‐ tahıl karışımlarının bazı mineral madde içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 4(1), 13-18, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/azd/issue/32193/358127
  • Emmanuel, S.A., Mika, S.R., Alabi, F.M., Olajide, O.O., Sallau, A.A., Adedirin, O., Fadeyi, A.E., Akiode, S.O., Uzama, D., & Orishabide, A.T. (2022). Nutritional analysis of sweet sorghum stalk as main excipient of compounded dairy and beef cattle feed, Natural Products Chemistry & Research, 10 (1), 1-4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358721955
  • Ensminger, M. E., Oldfield, J. E., & Heinemann, W.W. (1990). Feeds & Nutrition, second ed., The Ensminger Publishing Company, California, U.S.A., pp. 890.
  • Eren, M., Uyanik, F., & Kucukersan, S. (2004). The influence of dietary boron supplementation on egg quality and serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in laying hens. Research in Veterinary Science, 76 (3), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.11.004
  • Ergül, M. (1993). Yemler bilgisi ve teknolojisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 487,
  • Gökkuş, A., Parlak, A. Z., Baytekin, H., & Hakyemez, B. H. (2013). Akdeniz kuşağı çalılı meralarında otsu türlerin mineral içeriklerinin değişimi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 1-10, https://dergipark.org.tr/ tr/pub/jotaf/issue/19037/201336
  • Gülümser, E., Mut, H., Doğrusöz, M. Ç., & Başaran, U. (2017). Baklagil yem bitkisi tahıl karışımların ot kalitesi üzerinde ekim oranlarının etkisi. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(3), 43-51. https://doi.org/ 10.15316/SJAFS.2017.33
  • Gürsoy, E., & Maci̇t, M. (2017). Determination of mineral contents of some legume and cereal forages grown as naturally in pastures of Erzurum Province. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 32(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.279756
  • Haddad, C.M., & Alves, F.V. (2006). Minerais para gado de corte. In: Bittar C,Moura JC, Faria VP, Mattos WRS, editores. Minerais e Aditivos Para Bovinos. Piracicaba: Fundação de Estudos Agrários Luiz de Queiroz – FEALQ, 63-76.
  • Hunt, C. D. (2003). Dietary boron: An overview of the evidence for its role in immune function. The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine, 16(4), 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10041
  • Juniper, D.T., Phipps, R.H., Ramos-Morales, E., & Bertin, G. (2009). Effects of dietary supplementation with selenium enriched yeast or sodium selenite on seleniım tissue distribution and meat quality in lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 149(3-4), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.06.009
  • Kaya, S., Bilgili, A., Doğan, A., Liman, B.C. (1990).Mezbahada kesilen sığırların et ve bazı organlarında arsenik kalıntıları, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 359-363. https://doi.org/10.1501/ Vetfak_0000001345
  • Kommisrud, E., Osteras, O., & Vatn, T. (2005). Blood selenium associated with health and fertility in Norwegian dairy herds. Acta Vet. Scand.46 (4), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-46-229
  • Kowalska, G., Pankiewicz, U., & Kowalski, R. (2020b). Determination of the level of selected elements in canned meat and fish and risk assessment for consumer health. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2148794
  • Kurtoglu, V., Kurtoglu, F., & Coskun, B. (2001). Effects of boron supplementation of adequate and inadequate vitamin D-3-containing diet on performance and serum biochemical characters of broiler chickens. Research in Veterinary Science, 71 (3), 183-187. https://doi.org/10.1053/rvsc.2001.0517
  • Kurtoglu, V., Kurtoglu, F., Coşkun, B., Şeker, E., Balevi, T., & Cetingül, I.S. (2002). Effects of boron supplementation on performance and some serum biochemical parameters in laying hens. Conference: XII. European Poultry ConferenceAt: Verona Italy, Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 153(12), 823-828.
  • Kutlu, H. R., Görgülü, M., & Baykal Çelik, L. (2005). Genel hayvan besleme ders notu.(http://www.muratgorgulu.com.tr/ckfinder/userfiles/files/GENEL%20HAYVAN%20BESLEME.pdf), Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2019.
  • Kutlu, H.R. (2009). Tavukların beslenmesi. In: M.Türkoğlu ve M. Sarıca (Editör), Tavukçuluk Bilimi (Yetiştirme, Besleme ve Hastalıklar), 3. Baskı, Bey Ofset Matbacılık, Ankara, pp.353-498.
  • Kutlu, H.R., & Özen, N. (2009). Hayvan beslemede son gelişmeler, VI. Ulusal Zootekni Bilim Kongresi, 24-27 Haziran 2009, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.
  • Mohamoud, A., & Kılıç, Ü. (2018). Farklı samanlarda lignin peroksidaz enzimi kullanımının yem değeri üzerine etkisi. KSÜ Tarim ve Doğa Derg isi, 21(3), 374-384, https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksudobil. 346585
  • McDowell, L.R. (1992). Cadmium. In: McDowell LR, (ed.). Minerals in animal and human nutrition. London: Academic Press, 359-61.
  • National Research Council (NRC) (2001). Minerals In: National Research Council, editors. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Washington: National Academy Press; 2001. p.105-61.
  • Özyazıcı, M.A. (2019). Determination of mineral contents of sorghum (Sorghum sp.) and corn (Zea mays L.) varieties grown for roughage, International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 5(12), 227-237, https://doi.org/10.7176/JSTR/5-12-24
  • Palisoc, S. T., Bentulan, J. M. O., & Natividad, M. T. (2018). Determination of trace heavy metals in canned food using Graphene/AuNPs/[Ru(NH3)6]3+/Nafion modified glassy carbon electrodes. Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization, 13(1), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9930-1
  • Patra, R.C., Swarup, D., Sharma, M.C., & Naresh, R. (2006). Trace mineral profile in blood and hair from cattle environmentally exposed to lead and cadmium around different industrial units. J .Vet. Med. A 53 (10), 511- 517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00868.x
  • Patra, R.C., Swarup, D., Naresh, R., Kumar, P., Nandi, D., Shekhar, P., Roy, S., & Ali, S.L. (2007). Tail hair as na indicator of environmental exposure of cows to lead and cadmium in different indutrial areas. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 66 (1), 127-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.01.005
  • Papp, L.V., Lu, J., Holmgrem, A., & Khanna, K.K. (2007). From selenium to selenoproteins: synthesis, identity, and their role in human health.Antioxid. Redox Signal 9 (7), 775-806. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1528
  • Pechova, A., & Pavlata, L. (2007). Chromium as an essential nutrient. Veterinary Medicina. 52(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.17221/2010-VETMED
  • Qin, X.,& Klandorf, H. (1991). Effekt der diätetischen borergänzung auf eiproduktion, oberteilqualität und kalziummetabolismus in gealterten bratrostbrüterhennen. Junges Geflügeltier Science., 70(10), 2131-2138.
  • Reis, L.S., Pardo, P. E, Camargos, A. S. & Oba, E. (2010). Mineral element and heavy metal poisoning in animals December 2010 Special issues, Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 1(12), 560-579.
  • Rusin, M., Domagalska, J., Rogala, D., Razzaghi, M., & Szymala, I. (2021). Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruits. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 11913, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91554-z
  • Sabah, E. & Çelik, M.Y. (2001). İşçehisar (Afyon) mermer artıklarının hayvan yemi katkı maddesi olarak kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Türkiye III. Mermer Sempozyumu (Mersem '2001), 3-5 Mayıs, Afyon, Bildiriler Kitabı,
  • Selçuk, B., Bakır, T., Beycioğlu, T., Kamalak, A., & Kıllı, F. (2023). Comparison of feed value characteristics of safflower straw varieties. KSU J. Agric Nat 26 (2), 424-429. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1136792 Sittig, M., (1976). Toxic metals pollution control and worker protection: Park Ridge, N. J., Noyes Data Corporation, 350 p.
  • Small, J. A., Charmley, E., Rodd, A. V., & Fredeen, A. H. (1997). Serum mineral concentrations in relation to estrus and conception in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 77(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.4141/a96-042
  • Sorenson, J. R. J., Campbell, I. R., Tepper, L. B., & Lingg, R. D., (1974). Aluminum in the environment and human health, Environ. Health Persp., 8, 3-95, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7483
  • Surai, P. (2002). Selenium in poultry nutrition 1. Antioxidant properties, deficiency and toxicity. World S Poultry Science Journal, 58(3), 333–347. https://doi.org/10.1079/wps20020026
  • Surai, P. (2002b). Selenium in poultry nutrition 2. reproduction, egg and meat quality and practical applications. World S Poultry Science Journal, 58(4), 431–450. https://doi.org/10.1079/wps20020032
  • Swarup, D., Patra, R.C., Naresh, R., Kumar, P., & Shekhar, P. (2005). Blood lead levels in lactating cows reared around polluted localities of lead into milk. Sci. Total Environ. 347 (1-3), 106-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.055
  • Tekeli, S.A. (2003). İran Üçgülü (Trifolium resupinatum L.)’nde Bazı Morfolojik ve Kimyasal Özelliklerin Zamana ve Toprak Üstü Biomasına Bağlı Olarak Değişimi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 352–360. https://doi.org/10.1501/tarimbil_0000000836
  • Tokay, F., & Bağdat, S. (2022). A novel and simple approach to element fractionation analysis: Single step fractionation of milk. Food Chemistry, 379, 132162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132162
  • Türkmen, İ., Biricik, H., Deniz, G., Gezen, Ş.Ş., Tuncer, D., Çolpan, İ., Küçükersan, K., Küçükersan, S., Yalçın, S., Şehu, A., Saçaklı, P., Ergün, A.,& Yıldız, G. (2011). Temel yem bilgisi ve hayvan besleme, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Web Ofset, Eskişehir, 16-18.
  • Wang, M.Q., Xu, Z.R., Zha, L.Y., & Lindemann, M.D. (2007). Effects of chromium nanocomposite supplementation on blood metabolites,endocrine parameters and immnue traits in finishing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 139 (1-2), 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.12.004
  • Wang, Y.B., & Xu, B.H. (2008). Effect of different selenium source (sodium selenite and selenium yeast) on broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 144 (3-4), 306-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.anifeedsci.2007.10.012
  • Yeşilbağ, D., Eren, M., & Agel, E. (2009). Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis) aromatik bitki ve uçucu yağının broyler rasyonlarında kullanımı, Tübitak Araştırma Projesi 107O682 Nolu Sonuç Raporu.
  • Yu, L.L., Wnag, R.L., Zhang, Y.Z., Kleeman, D.O., Zhu, X.P., & Jia, Z.H. (2008). Effects of selenium supplementation on polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations and antioxidant status in plasma and liver of lambs fed linseed oil or sunflower oil diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 140 (1), 39-51. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.02.003
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bitki Bilimi (Diğer), Hayvan Diyeti ve Beslenme, Çayır-Mera ve Yem Bitkileri
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Mehmet Düzgün 0000-0003-4269-5544

Şerif Kahraman 0000-0003-1160-0792

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 20 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 7 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Düzgün, M., & Kahraman, Ş. (2025). Determination and Comparison of Macro, Trace and Toxic Element Content of Some Roughages by ICP OES Technique. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(2), 580-592. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1544769
 Kapak Resmi İndir

21082



2022-JIF = 0.500

2022-JCI = 0.170

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International Peer Reviewed Journal)

       Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)

      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


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