Biocontrol Potential of Turkish Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Essa Saab Najm; Ebubekir Yüksel; Ramazan Canhilal

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1029502

TR EN

Yerel Entomopatojen Nematodların Laboratuvar Koşullarında Turunçgil Unlubiti, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)'ye Karşı Biyokontrol Potansiyeli

Öz

Turunçgil unlubiti Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Türkiye'deki turunçgil bahçelerinin en önemli zararlılarından biridir. Planococcus citri'nin mücadelesi, bu türün kriptik ve polifag beslenme davranışı nedeniyle oldukça zordur. Bu çalışmada, yerel entomopatojen nematod (EPN) türlerinin (Heterorhabditis indica 216-H, H. bacteriophora FLH-4H, Steinernema carpocapsae E-76, S. feltiae KCS-4S ve S. bicornotum MGZ-4S) P. citri mücadelesindeki kontrol potansiyeli laboratuvar koşullarında farklı konsantrasyonlarda [80, 100, 150, 200 Enfektif larva (EL) Ergin-1] ve sıcaklıklarda (20, 25, 30 oC) araştırılmıştır. Ölüm oranları, uygulamadan 48 saat sonra en yüksek konsantrasyonda %16 ile 58 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek etkinlik (%68), 25oC'de en yüksek konsantrasyonda Heterorhabditis indica 216-H ile elde edilmiştir. En yüksek ölüm oranları genellikle 25 oC'de meydana gelmiştir. Heterorhabditis indica 216-H 25 oC'de tüm konsantrasyonlarda test edilen diğer EPN türlerine kıyasla en yüksek etkinliği göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, H. indica 216-H'nin P. citri'nin kontrolünde önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biocontrol Potential of Turkish Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Abstract

The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the major pests of Citrus orchards in Turkey. Management of P. citri is quite challenging due to its cryptic and polyphagous feeding behavior. In the current study, the control potential of native entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) species (Heterorhabditis indica 216-H, H. bacteriophora FLH-4H, Steinernema carpocapsae E-76, S. feltiae KCS-4S, and S. bicornotum MGZ-4S) against P. citri was evaluated under laboratory conditions at different concentrations [80, 100, 150, 200 (Infective juveniles) IJs Adult-1] and temperatures (20, 25, 30 ºC). The mortality rates ranged between 16 and 58% at the highest concentration 48 hours after treatment. The highest efficacy (68%) was obtained by Heterorhabditis indica 216-H at the highest concentration at 25 ºC. The mortality rates were generally higher at 25 ºC than other temperatures tested and H. indica 216-H performed better than other EPN species tested at this temperature at all concentrations. The results indicate that H. indica 216-H have a great potential in the control of P. citri.

Keywords

Destekleyen Kurum

The Office of Scientific Research Projects of Erciyes University.

Proje Numarası

FYL-2018-8122

Teşekkür

This study was funded by the Project No. FYL-2018-8122 by the Office of Scientific Research Projects of Erciyes University.

Kaynakça

Akhurst, R.J. & Boemare, N.E. (2018). Biology and taxonomy of Xenorhabdus. (Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control, CRC press, Newyork, 75-90.
Anonim, (2020). Bitkisel üretim istatistikleri, 2020. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr. (Alınma Tarihi: 20.04.2020).
Andaló, V., Moino, A., Maximiniano, C., Campos, V.P. & Mendonca, L.A. (2011). Influence of Temperature and Duration of Storage on the Lipid Reserves of Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Revista Colombiana de entomología 37(2), 203-209.
Arthurs, S., Heinz, K.M. & Prasifka, J.R. (2004). An Analysis of Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Above-Ground Pests. Bulletin of Entomological Research 94(4), 297-306.
Bastidas, B., Portillo, E. & San-Blas, E. (2014). Size Does Matter: The Life Cycle of Steinernema spp. in Micro-İnsect Hosts. Journal of invertebrate pathology 121,46-55.
Bhat, A.H., Chaubey, A.K., Shokoohi, E. & Machado, R.A. (2021). Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Heterorhabditis indica (Nematoda: Rhabditida) nematodes isolated during a survey of agricultural soils in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. Acta Parasitologica 66(1), 236-252.
Blumberg, D. & Van Driesche, R.G. (2001). Encapsulation rates of three encyrtid parasitoids by three mealybug species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) found commonly as pests ın commercial greenhouses. Biological Control 22(2), 191-199.
Canhilal, R., Waeyenberge, L., Toktay, H., Bozbuga, R., Çerintas, R. & Imren, M. (2016). Distribution of Steinernematids and Heterorhabditids (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in the Southern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 26(4).

Canhilal, R., Waeyenberge, L., Yüksel, E., Koca, A. S., Deniz, Y. & Imren, M. (2017). Assessment of the natural presence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Kayseri soils, Turkey. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 27(2).
Čačija, M., Bažok, R., Kolenc, M., Bujas, T., Drmić, Z. & Kadoić Balaško, M. (2021). Field Efficacy of Steinernema sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) on the Colorado Potato Beetle Overwintering Generation. Plants 10(7), 1464.
Cox, J.M. (1981). Identification of Planococcus citri (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and the description of a new species. Systematic Entomology 6(1), 47-53.
Dos Santos Ferreira, K. D., Dolinski, C., De Freitas Ferreira, T. & Moreira de Souza, R. (2015). Potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida) for control of pink pineapple mealybug adult females, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), under laboratory conditions. Nematoda 2, e092015.
Franco, J. C., Suma, P., Da Silva, E. B., Blumberg, D. & Mendel, Z. (2004). Management strategies of mealybug pests of citrus in mediterranean countries. Phytoparasitica 32(5), 507-522.
Gill, H. K., Goyal, G. & Gillett-Kaufman, J. (2012). Citrus Mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). EDIS 2012(9).
Gürkan B, Çetintaş R 2022. Texture, pH and Electrical Conductivity of Soils with Some Meloidogyne Species. KSU J. Agric Nat 25 (6): 1341-1349. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.999602.
Hang, D. T., Choo, H. Y., Lee, D. W., Lee, S. M., Kaya, H. K. & Park, C. G. (2007). Temperature effects on korean entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema glaseri and S. longicaudum, and their symbiotic bacteria. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 17(3), 420-427.
Karacaoğlu, M. & Satar, S. (2017). Bioecological characteristics of Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under constant and alternating temperatures. Turkish Journal of Entomology 41(2), 147-157.
Karabörklü, S., Ayvaz, A., Yilmaz, S., Azizoglu, U. & Akbulut, M. (2015). Native entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from Turkey and their effectiveness on pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams. International journal of pest management 61(1), 3-8.
Kepenekci, İ., Babaroglu, N.E., Öztürk, G. & Halıcı, S. (1999). Türkiye için yeni bir entomopatojen nematod; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). Türkiye 4. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi, Adana, Turkiye, 26-29 Ocak 1999, pp. 587
Kepenekci, İ. (2014). Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida) of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Nematology 32, 59-65.
Laznik, Ž., Tóth, T., Lakatos, T., Vidrih, M. & Trdan, S. (2010). Control of the colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]) on potato under field conditions: a comparison of the efficacy of foliar application of two strains of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and spraying with thiametoxam. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 117(3), 129-135.
Lewis, E. E., Campbell, J., Griffin, C., Kaya, H. & Peters, A. (2006). Behavioral Ecology Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Biological control 38(1), 66-79.
Le Vieux, P.D. & Malan, A.P. (2013). The potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes to control Planococcus ficus (Signoret)(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture 34(2), 296-306.
Lortkipanidze, M. A., Gorgadze, O. A., Kajaia, G. S., Gratiashvili, N. G. & Kuchava, M. A. (2016). Foraging behavior and virulence of some entomopathogenic nematodes. Annals of Agrarian Science 14(2), 99-103.
Metwally, H. M., Hafez, G. A., Hussein, M. A., Hussein, M. A., Salem, H. A. & Saleh, M. M. E. (2012). Low cost artificial diet for rearing the Greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L.(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a host for entomopathogenic nematodes. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 22(1), 15.
Mokrini, F., Laasli, S. E., Benseddik, Y., Joutei, A. B., Blenzar, A., Lakhal, H., Sbaghi, M., Imren, M., Özer, G., Paulitz, T., Lahlali, R. & Dababat, A. A. (2020). Potential of moroccan entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae). Scientific Reports 10(1), 1-11.
Morandi Filho, W. J., Grützmacher, A. D., Botton, M. & Bertin, A. (2021). Controle químico da cochonilha-farinhenta Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em diferentes idades da videira. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 76, 427-435.
Muştu, M., Kilinçer, N., Ülgentürk, S. & Kaydan, M. B. (2008). Feeding behavior of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri on mealybugs parasitized by Anagyrus pseudococci. Phytoparasitica 36(4), 360-367.
Negrisoli, C., Júnior, A., Botton, M., Garcia, M.S. & Bernardi, D. (2013). Evaluation of efficacy of 18 strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida) against Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under laboratory conditions. Experimental parasitology 134(3), 295-298.
Öğretmen, A., Yüksel, E. & Canhilal, R. (2020). Susceptibility of larvae of wireworms (agriotes spp.)(coleoptera: elateridae) to some turkish isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes under laboratory and field conditions. Biological Control 149, 104320.
Özer, N., Keskin, N. & Kırbas, Z. (1995). Occurence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernemati dae: Heterorhabditidae) in Turkey. Nematologica 41, 639-640.
Uygun, N. & Satar, S. (2008). The Current situation of citrus pests and their control methods in Turkey. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin 38, 2-9.
Radová, S. & Trnková, Z. (2010). Effect of soil temperature and moisture on the pathogenicity of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Journal of Agrobiology 27(1), 1.
Sharmila, R. & Subramanian, S. (2016). Effect of low temperature on the activity of entomopathogenic nematodes. International Journal of Forestry and Crop Improvement 7(1), 19-23.
Smart Jr, G. C. (1995). Entomopathogenic nematodes for the biological control of insects. Journal of nematology 27(4S), 529.
Stock, S.P. (2019). Partners in crime: symbiont-assisted resource acquisition in Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes. Current opinion in insect science 32, 22-27.
Stokwe, N.F. & Malan, A.P. 2016. Susceptibility of the obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Pseudococcidae), to South African ısolates of entomopathogenic nematodes. International Journal of Pest Management 62(2), 119-128.
Schroer, S. & Ehlers, R.U. (2005). Foliar application of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae for biological control of diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella). Biological Control 33(1), 81-86.
Taşkesen, Y.E., Yüksel, E. & Canhilal, R. (2021). Field Performance of entomopathogenic nematodes against the larvae of Zabrus spp. Clairville, 1806 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi 7(3), 429-437.
Trdan, S., Znidarcic, D. & Vidrih, M. 2007. Control of Frankliniella occidentalis on glasshouse-grown cucumbers: an efficacy comparison of foliar application of Steinernema feltiae and spraying with abamectin. Russian Journal of Nematology 15(1), 25.
Venkatesan, T., Jalali, S. K., Ramya, S. L. & Prathibha, M. (2016). Insecticide Resistance and Its Management in Mealybugs. Springer. Mani, M. & Shivaraju, C. (Eds). (2016). Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops, India.
Van Niekerk, S. & Malan, A.P. (2012). Potential of south african entomopathogenic nematodes (heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae) for control of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Pseudococcidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 111(2), 166-174.
Yuksel, E., Canhilal, R. & Imren, M. (2019). Potential of four turkish ısolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against three major stored products insect pests. Journal of Stored Products Research 83, 317-321.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Essa Saab Najm
0000-0003-1999-3578
Türkiye

Ebubekir Yüksel ^*
0000-0002-6982-5874
Türkiye

Ramazan Canhilal
0000-0002-0753-0077
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

28 Şubat 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

28 Kasım 2021

Kabul Tarihi

23 Şubat 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2023 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1029502

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA76CU82YZ

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Najm, E. S., Yüksel, E., & Canhilal, R. (2023). Biocontrol Potential of Turkish Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Under Laboratory Conditions. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1029502