Assessing the Efficacy of Moringa, Neem, and Tulsi in Remediation of Sewage Water: A Comparative Study.

Fatima Zehra Khan; Zeenia Avarı

Düzeltme

Düzeltme: Assessing the Efficacy of Moringa, Neem, and Tulsi in Remediation of Sewage Water: A Comparative Study.

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 264 - 264, 01.01.2026

Fatima Zehra Khan , Zeenia Avarı

Bu makalenin ilk hali 25 Aralık 2024 tarihinde yayımlandı. http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ksutarimdoga/article/1447179

Düzeltme Notu

ERRATUM Fatima Zehra Khan ve Zeenia Avari tarafından kaleme alınan "Assessing the Efficacy of Moringa, Neem, and Tulsi in Remediation of Sewage Water: A Comparative Study" başlıklı makale için yazarların göndermiş olduğu resmi düzeltme metni (erratum) aşağıda yer almaktadır. Below is the official erratum submitted by the authors, Fatima Zehra Khan and Zeenia Avari, for their article titled "Assessing the Efficacy of Moringa, Neem, and Tulsi in Remediation of Sewage Water: A Comparative Study." Title of the Original Article: Khan, F. Z., & Avarı, Z. (2024). Assessing the Efficacy of Moringa, Neem, and Tulsi in Remediation of Sewage Water: A Comparative Study. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(Ek Sayı 1 (Suppl 1)), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1447179 CORRECTION 1: Explanation: In the article referenced above, an error was identified in the "Results” section, on page 31, in the graph for the estimation of copper (Figure 1). 1) The graphs do not have the marked '*' sign above the bars that shows the values are statistically significant. 2) The values on the Y axis are indicated as 0,01 instead of 0.01. 3) The naming of the samples on the X – axis is not formatted correctly. 4) The legend below the graph does not have the '*' sign in the (“denoted as *”) statement. Incorrect: Correct: This correction DOES affect the main results or conclusions of the article. CORRECTION 2: Explanation: In the article referenced above, an error was identified in the "Results” section, on page 32, in the graph for the most probable number (Coliform). (Figure 3) 1) The graphs do not have the marked '*' sign above the bars that shows the values are statistically significant. 2) The naming of the samples on the X – axis is not formatted correctly. 3) The legend below the graph does not have the '*' sign in the (“denoted as *”) statement. Incorrect: Correct: This correction DOES affect the main results or conclusions of the article. All authors approve the erratum. 7th December, 2025 Ms. Fatima Zehra Khan Ms. Zeenia Avari Corresponding author: Name: Ms. Zeenia Avari Email: zeenia.avari@jaihindcollege.edu.in

Öz

The increase in a population's production and consumption habits causes an exponential rise in household waste, resulting in a lack of clean drinking water which leads to the main cause of water pollution. A cost-effective method is to use herbs as they are abundant in secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to understand how indigenous herbs can be utilized for treating sewage water, that can be used by citizens to get access to clean drinking water. A low-cost method was created to investigate the efficacy of herbs such as Moringa oleifera (Moringa), Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), in the treatment of sewage water. Four combinations of herbs were selected, and the results were compared with municipal-treated water from a wastewater treatment facility. The samples were tested for parameters such as Estimation of Copper, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Most Probable Number (Coliform). Coliform levels and copper levels in the herb-treated water were almost one-fourth the level as compared to sewage water. In both parameters, statistical significance was obtained. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.034. The herb-treated samples showed a reduction in the COD and an increase in pH towards neutrality, as compared to the sewage water. In all combinations tested, the herbs were successful in improving the quality of water when compared to the sewage water as well as the municipal treated water. Hence, it can be concluded that herbs are a good natural resource that can be used for the treatment of sewage water, as they are easily available, and the method is sustainable.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sewage water , Moringa oleifera , Azadirachta indica , Water treatment.

Etik Beyan

The authors of the article declare that the data, information and documents presented in this article were obtained within the framework of academic and ethical rules, and that all information, documents, evaluations and results are presented in accordance with the rules of scientific ethics and morality (The authors of the article declare that the data, information and documents presented in this article have been obtained within the framework of academic and ethical rules, and that all information, documents, evaluations and results are presented in accordance with the rules of scientific ethics and ethics.

Destekleyen Kurum

Department of Life Sciences, Jai Hind College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Teşekkür

I sincerely wish to thank the Ghatkopar Wastewater treatment facility, managed by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM), Mumbai, India, for providing me with the sample needed for this study and the cooperation of the staff at the facility. I also wish to thank my colleagues and the faculty at the Department of Life Sciences, Jai Hind College, Mumbai.

Kaynakça

Aini, N., & Juwitaningtyas, T. (2022). Analysis of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) on liquid waste of cheese production in PT. XYZ, Yogyakarta with iodometric titration method. Journal of Agri-Food Science and Technology, 2(2), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.12928/jafost.v2i2.5886
Al Moharbi, S. S., Devi, M. G., Sangeetha, B. M., & Jahan, S. (2020). Studies on the removal of copper ions from industrial effluent by Azadirachta indica powder. Applied Water Science, 10(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1100-z
Alo, M. N., Anyim, C., & Elom, M. (2012). Coagulation and antimicrobial activities of Moringa oleifera seed storage at 3°C temperature in turbid water. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(2), 887-894.
Alzohairy, M. A. (2016). Therapeutic role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and their active constituents in disease prevention and treatment. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, Article 7382506. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7382506
Amagloh, F. K., & Benang, A. (2009). Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed as coagulant for water purification. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(2), 119-123.
Anjali DR, Veena JS, Nilesh NM, Mayuresh SM, Mandar JP, (2021) Waste Water Treatment by Using AGFM (Activated Glass Filter Media) and Eco-Clean 2300. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), 9(7), 109-112.
Delelegn, A., Sahile, S., & Husen, A. (2018). Water purification and antibacterial efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam. Agriculture and Food Security, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0177-1
Delhi, N. (1974). Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 7212 (1974). Methods of determination of copper. https://crpf.gov.in/writereaddata/images/pdf/863092018.pdf
Desta, W. M., & Bote, M. E. (2021). Wastewater treatment using a natural coagulant (Moringa oleifera seeds): Optimization through response surface methodology. Heliyon, 7(11), e08451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08451
Gowd, S. C., Ramesh, P., S, V. V., Barathi, S., & Lee, J. (2023). Life cycle assessment of comparing different nutrient recovery systems from municipal wastewater: A path towards self-reliance and sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 410, 137331.
Hassan, F., Umer, A., Sabri, M. A., Sarosh, A., & Ullah, N. (2018). Use of neem leaves for oil removal from waste water. In Pak. J. Engg. Appl. Sci., 23, 86-92.
Kumar Dewangan, S., Neha Toppo, D., & Kujur, A. (2023). Investigating the impact of pH levels on water quality: An experimental approach. In International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 11(9), 756-759.
Maharjan, S. (2019). Ocimum sanctum (Linn.); The queen of herbs. Eur. J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci., 6, 106-109.
Mehdinejad, M. H., & Bina, B. (2018). Application of Moringa oleifera coagulant protein as a natural coagulant aid with alum for removal of heavy metals from raw water. Desalination and Water Treatment, 116, 187–194. https://doi.org/ 10.5004/dwt.2018.22546.
Rana, C., Chandrul, K. K., & Kumar Sharma, G. (2022). The divine Tulsi: A herb for all reasons (Ocimum sanctum). In International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 3(7), 2236-2240.
Sivaraja Bannari, P., Com, W. H., Sundaramurthi, P., Dhandapani, S., Ponnusamy, S., & Subbaiyan, M. (2012). Effect of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) as a disinfectant for water treatment. Hitek Journal of Bio Sciences and Bioengineering, 1(1), 1-7.
Ugwu, S. N., Umuokoro, A. F., Echiegu, E. A., Ugwuishiwu, B. O., & Enweremadu, C. C. (2017). Comparative study of the use of natural and artificial coagulants for the treatment of sullage (domestic wastewater). Cogent Engineering, 4(1), e1365676. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2017.1365676
Ukpong, E., & Udechukwu, J. (2015). Analysis of coliform bacteria in WSPs at ALSCON using Macconkey broth and locally made solution. Global Journal of Engineering Research, 13(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjer.v13i1.3
Vikas, M., Kanjan, U., & Bhawna, M. (2014). Effect of neem (Azadirachta Indica) as natural absorbent on the ph of dairy waste water. International Journal of Engineering Research, 3(6), 56-58.
Villaseñor-Basulto, D. L., Astudillo-Sánchez, P. D., Del Real-Olvera, J., & Bandala, E. R. (2018). Wastewater treatment using Moringa oleifera Lam seeds: A review. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 23, 151-164.
Yao, N., Wang, J., & Zhou, Y. (2014). Rapid determination of the chemical oxygen demand of water using a thermal biosensor. Sensors (Switzerland), 14(6), 9949–9960. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/s140609949.