Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 5, 733 - 743, 31.10.2019
Öz
Turkey
is the biggest actor in the world hazelnut market with its production potential
and policies. The aim of this paper was to assess the recent developments in
the Turkish hazelnut market and policy. The time series data of hazelnut
markets was taken from the internet
databases of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Turkish Statistical
Institute (TSI), Black Sea Hazelnut Exporter Union (BSHEU), Ministry of
Agriculture and Forestry (MoAF), Giresun Commodity Exchange (GCE) and Official
Journal and Turkish Republic (OJoTR). Under the New Hazelnut Strategy, an area based payment has been
provided to the hazelnut farmers in the authorized areas and a compensatory
payment had been provided to the farmers in the unauthorized areas. Since 2001,
while hazelnut areas and the export of Turkey had increased, hazelnut yield and
production had decreased. Despite increases in hazelnut prices, Turkey could
increase hazelnut export both in terms of quantity and value. While there is no
need to limit hazelnut areas in high crop years, the government should
establish a hazelnut buffer stock mechanism. The Turkish government should also
create fair competition conditions for the actors in the hazelnut market with a
more effective hazelnut policy.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Teşekkür
I am grateful to Mr. Birol Kurt from the International Relations Office of Ondokuz Mayis University for his English editorial contribution.
Kaynakça
- Abdikoglu DI, Unakitan G 2016. International Competitiveness Analysis of Hazelnut Export in Turkey. IBANESS Conference Series, March 12-13, Bulgaria.
- Akal M 2009. Estimation of Hazelnut Export of Turkey and Forecast Accuracies. ZKU Journal of Social Sciences, 5(10):77-96.
- Ashoori D, Noorhosseini SA 2013. Analysis Using the Delphi Method for Socio-Economic Problems of Hazelnut Growers in Eshkevarat Region in Iran. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 3(3): 513-520.
- Atici C 2013. Food Safety Regulations and Export Responses of Developing Countries: The Case of Turkey’s Fig and Hazelnut Exports. FAO commodity and trade policy research working paper, (39).
- Bayramoglu Z, Ozer OO, Gundogmus E, Tatlidil FF 2010. The Impact of Changes in Turkey’s Hazelnut Policy on World Markets. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(1):7-15.
- Bozoglu M 2005. The Reform of Hazelnut Policy in Turkey. VIth Intl. Congress on Hazelnut, Eds: J. Tous, M. Rovira and A. Romero, Acta Hort. 686:517-524.
- Bozoglu M 2005. The Situation of the Hazelnut Sector in Turkey. VIth Intl. Congress on Hazelnut, Eds: J. Tous, M. Rovira and A. Romero, Acta Hort. 686:641-648.
- Bozoğlu M 2015. Turkish Hazelnut Market: Evaluations and Things to Do. Journal of Tarim Turk 55: 10-14.
- BSHEU 2019. Black Sea Exporter Union. Hazelnut Statistics. http://www.kib.org.tr/tr/ ihracat-istatistikler-findik-istatistikleri.html. Accessed on 25.08.2017.
- CAE 2016. Chamber of Agricultural Engineers. Hazelnut Report 2016. http://www.zmo.org.tr /genel/ bizden_detay. php? kod=26370&tipi=17& sube=0, Accessed on 10.09.2017.
- Demir I 2016. The Firm Size, Farm Size, and Transaction Costs: The Case of Hazelnut Farms in Turkey. Agricultural Economics, 47:81-90.
- Ellena M. Sandoval P, Gonzalez A, Jequier J, Contreras M, Grau Beretta P 2014. Chilean Hazelnut Situation and Perspectives. ISHS Acta Horticulture, 1052: 329-342.
- EU 2018. European Union. http://madb.europa.eu/ madb/atDutyOverview Publi.htm? countries=TR& hscode =0802, Accessed on 16.03.2018.
- FAO 2017. Food and Agricultural Organization. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC, Accessed on 05.09.2017.
- FAO 2019. Food and Agricultural Organization. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC, Accessed on 24.03.2019.
- Fidan H, Sahinli MA 2010. Profit Level and Price Fixing In Hazelnut Production. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 20(2): 117-122.
- Gonenc S, Tanrivermis H, Bulbul M 2006. Economic Assessment of Hazelnut Production and the Importance of Supply Management Approach in Turkey. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropic and Subtropics, 107:19-32.
- GTB, 2019. http://www.giresuntb.org.tr/Istatistikler, Accessed on: 23.03.2109
- Kilic O, Ceyhan V, Cinemre HA, Bozoglu M 2008. Estimation of Normative Supply Function and Price Elasticity of Hazelnut: A Case Study in Turkey. Hort Science, 43(3):753-758.
- Marongiu S 2005. An Econometric Analysis to Evaluate Hazelnut Price Formation on the International Hazelnut Market. New Medit, 4:14-20.
- MCT 2018. Hazelnut Report 2017. General Directory of Cooperatives of Ministry of Custom and Trade, 31 p., Ankara.
- OGTR 1983, Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. The Law of Planning Hazelnut Production and Determination Hazelnut Plantations. Date: 18 June 1983, Number: 18801, Ankara.
- OGTR 1993. The Ministerial Board Decision on Determination of Hazelnut Areas. Date: 3 February 1993, Number 21485, Ankara.
- OGTR 2002. Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. Regulation on Planning of hazelnut production and determination of planting areas and, supporting producers who prefer to grow alternative products instead of hazelnuts. Data: 11.01.2002, Number: 24637.
- OGTR 2015. Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. The Ministerial Board Decision on the Determination of Hazelnut Areas, Decision Number: 2014/7253, Data: 7 February 2015, Number: 29260, Ankara.
- OGTR 2016. Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. Money-Loan and Coordination Board Decision on Export Aids in Agricultural Products. Decision Number: 2016/6, Data: 28.12.2016, Number: 29932, Ankara.
- Pulsipher GL, Josiah SJ 2001. Hybrid Hazelnuts: an Agroforestry Opportunity. In The National Arbor Day Foundation. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, School of Natural Resource Sciences and Cooperative Extension.
- Ramos Castro N, Swart l 2017. Building a Roundtable for a Sustainable Hazelnut Supply Chain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168:1398-1412.
- Sisman MY 2017. An Economic Welfare Analysis of Agricultural Subsidies and Inventory Holdings: An Application to the Hazelnut Industry. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, 5(4): 63-79.
- Tekin Bilbil E 2012. The Politics of Uncertainty in a Global Market: The Hazelnut Exchange and Its Production. PhD Thesis, Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences of Bogazici University, 512 p., Istanbul.
- TGB 2017. Turkish Grain Board. Hazelnut Report for 2016. http://www.tmo.gov.tr/Upload/Document/ findiksektorraporu2016 .pdf Accessed on 16.09.2017.
- Toktaş Y 2017. The Analysis of the Relationship between Turkey’s Real Effective Exchanges Rates and the Processed and Unprocessed Agricultural Products Export to the EU. International Conference on Food and Agricultural Economics Proceedings Book, 74-81 p., 27-28 April, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Turkey.
- Tshering S, Chhetri R, Dorji K 2017. Changes in land use pattern due to hazelnut project in Ngatsang Gewog, Mongar, Bhutan. International Journal of Information Movement, 2(7):217-225.
- TurkStat 2017. Turkish Statistical Institute. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do;jsessionid=0yv FZHhGQKXvTfn51Z5p9kL8Zhyh5JsTQBnYJBt 1b 5BVyvS0mFVQ!1514542019. Accessed on 05.09.2017
- UTZ 2016. Why is UTZ Working towards on Sustainable Hazelnut? Retrieved from https://utz.org/better-business-hub/strengthening-your-reputation/sustainable-hazelnuts-the-next-step-towards-making-sustainability-the-norm/
- Valdes J 2014. Chile-where the European hazelnut found a new home. http://www.chilet erraproperties.com/blog/2014/7/21/hazelnut-planta tion-in-chile-analysis-of-competitiveness. Accessed on 20.10.2018.
- Yavuz F, Birinci A, Peker K, Atsan T 2005. Econometric modelling of Turkey’s hazelnut sector: Implications on recent policies. Turk J Agric. For, 29:1-7.
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 5, 733 - 743, 31.10.2019
Öz
Türkiye üretim potansiyeli
ve uyguladığı politikaların etkisiyle dünya fındık piyasasındaki en büyük
aktördür. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin fındık politikası ve piyasasındaki son
gelişmeleri değerlendirmektir. Fındık piyasasına ait zaman serisi Tarım ve Gıda
Örgütü, Türkiye İstatistik Enstitüsü, Karadeniz Fındık ve Mamulleri
İhracatçıları Birliği, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Giresun Ticaret Borsası ve TC
Resmi Gazetenin internet veri tabanlarından temin edilmiştir. Yeni Fındık
Stratejisi kapsamında yasal olarak izin verilen bölgelerdeki üreticilere alan
bazlı destek sağlanırken, üretime yasal olarak izin verilmeyen alanlardaki
üreticilere telafi edici ödeme yapılmıştır. Türkiye’nin 2001'den bu yana fındık
alanları ile ihracatı artarken, fındık verimi ve üretiminde azalma meydana
gelmiştir. Fındık fiyatlarındaki artışlara rağmen, Türkiye fındık ihracatını
hem miktar hem de değer olarak artırabilir. Fındık üretiminin yüksek
gerçekleşeceği yıllarda bile fındık alanlarının sınırlandırılmasına gerek
olmamakla birlikte, fındık tampon stoku mekanizmasının kurulmasına ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Türkiye Hükümeti, fındık piyasalarındaki aktörler için daha
etkili bir fındık politikası ile adil rekabet koşullarının oluşturmalıdır.
Kaynakça
- Abdikoglu DI, Unakitan G 2016. International Competitiveness Analysis of Hazelnut Export in Turkey. IBANESS Conference Series, March 12-13, Bulgaria.
- Akal M 2009. Estimation of Hazelnut Export of Turkey and Forecast Accuracies. ZKU Journal of Social Sciences, 5(10):77-96.
- Ashoori D, Noorhosseini SA 2013. Analysis Using the Delphi Method for Socio-Economic Problems of Hazelnut Growers in Eshkevarat Region in Iran. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 3(3): 513-520.
- Atici C 2013. Food Safety Regulations and Export Responses of Developing Countries: The Case of Turkey’s Fig and Hazelnut Exports. FAO commodity and trade policy research working paper, (39).
- Bayramoglu Z, Ozer OO, Gundogmus E, Tatlidil FF 2010. The Impact of Changes in Turkey’s Hazelnut Policy on World Markets. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(1):7-15.
- Bozoglu M 2005. The Reform of Hazelnut Policy in Turkey. VIth Intl. Congress on Hazelnut, Eds: J. Tous, M. Rovira and A. Romero, Acta Hort. 686:517-524.
- Bozoglu M 2005. The Situation of the Hazelnut Sector in Turkey. VIth Intl. Congress on Hazelnut, Eds: J. Tous, M. Rovira and A. Romero, Acta Hort. 686:641-648.
- Bozoğlu M 2015. Turkish Hazelnut Market: Evaluations and Things to Do. Journal of Tarim Turk 55: 10-14.
- BSHEU 2019. Black Sea Exporter Union. Hazelnut Statistics. http://www.kib.org.tr/tr/ ihracat-istatistikler-findik-istatistikleri.html. Accessed on 25.08.2017.
- CAE 2016. Chamber of Agricultural Engineers. Hazelnut Report 2016. http://www.zmo.org.tr /genel/ bizden_detay. php? kod=26370&tipi=17& sube=0, Accessed on 10.09.2017.
- Demir I 2016. The Firm Size, Farm Size, and Transaction Costs: The Case of Hazelnut Farms in Turkey. Agricultural Economics, 47:81-90.
- Ellena M. Sandoval P, Gonzalez A, Jequier J, Contreras M, Grau Beretta P 2014. Chilean Hazelnut Situation and Perspectives. ISHS Acta Horticulture, 1052: 329-342.
- EU 2018. European Union. http://madb.europa.eu/ madb/atDutyOverview Publi.htm? countries=TR& hscode =0802, Accessed on 16.03.2018.
- FAO 2017. Food and Agricultural Organization. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC, Accessed on 05.09.2017.
- FAO 2019. Food and Agricultural Organization. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC, Accessed on 24.03.2019.
- Fidan H, Sahinli MA 2010. Profit Level and Price Fixing In Hazelnut Production. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 20(2): 117-122.
- Gonenc S, Tanrivermis H, Bulbul M 2006. Economic Assessment of Hazelnut Production and the Importance of Supply Management Approach in Turkey. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropic and Subtropics, 107:19-32.
- GTB, 2019. http://www.giresuntb.org.tr/Istatistikler, Accessed on: 23.03.2109
- Kilic O, Ceyhan V, Cinemre HA, Bozoglu M 2008. Estimation of Normative Supply Function and Price Elasticity of Hazelnut: A Case Study in Turkey. Hort Science, 43(3):753-758.
- Marongiu S 2005. An Econometric Analysis to Evaluate Hazelnut Price Formation on the International Hazelnut Market. New Medit, 4:14-20.
- MCT 2018. Hazelnut Report 2017. General Directory of Cooperatives of Ministry of Custom and Trade, 31 p., Ankara.
- OGTR 1983, Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. The Law of Planning Hazelnut Production and Determination Hazelnut Plantations. Date: 18 June 1983, Number: 18801, Ankara.
- OGTR 1993. The Ministerial Board Decision on Determination of Hazelnut Areas. Date: 3 February 1993, Number 21485, Ankara.
- OGTR 2002. Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. Regulation on Planning of hazelnut production and determination of planting areas and, supporting producers who prefer to grow alternative products instead of hazelnuts. Data: 11.01.2002, Number: 24637.
- OGTR 2015. Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. The Ministerial Board Decision on the Determination of Hazelnut Areas, Decision Number: 2014/7253, Data: 7 February 2015, Number: 29260, Ankara.
- OGTR 2016. Official Gazette of Turkish Republic. Money-Loan and Coordination Board Decision on Export Aids in Agricultural Products. Decision Number: 2016/6, Data: 28.12.2016, Number: 29932, Ankara.
- Pulsipher GL, Josiah SJ 2001. Hybrid Hazelnuts: an Agroforestry Opportunity. In The National Arbor Day Foundation. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, School of Natural Resource Sciences and Cooperative Extension.
- Ramos Castro N, Swart l 2017. Building a Roundtable for a Sustainable Hazelnut Supply Chain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168:1398-1412.
- Sisman MY 2017. An Economic Welfare Analysis of Agricultural Subsidies and Inventory Holdings: An Application to the Hazelnut Industry. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, 5(4): 63-79.
- Tekin Bilbil E 2012. The Politics of Uncertainty in a Global Market: The Hazelnut Exchange and Its Production. PhD Thesis, Institute for Graduate Studies in the Social Sciences of Bogazici University, 512 p., Istanbul.
- TGB 2017. Turkish Grain Board. Hazelnut Report for 2016. http://www.tmo.gov.tr/Upload/Document/ findiksektorraporu2016 .pdf Accessed on 16.09.2017.
- Toktaş Y 2017. The Analysis of the Relationship between Turkey’s Real Effective Exchanges Rates and the Processed and Unprocessed Agricultural Products Export to the EU. International Conference on Food and Agricultural Economics Proceedings Book, 74-81 p., 27-28 April, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Turkey.
- Tshering S, Chhetri R, Dorji K 2017. Changes in land use pattern due to hazelnut project in Ngatsang Gewog, Mongar, Bhutan. International Journal of Information Movement, 2(7):217-225.
- TurkStat 2017. Turkish Statistical Institute. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do;jsessionid=0yv FZHhGQKXvTfn51Z5p9kL8Zhyh5JsTQBnYJBt 1b 5BVyvS0mFVQ!1514542019. Accessed on 05.09.2017
- UTZ 2016. Why is UTZ Working towards on Sustainable Hazelnut? Retrieved from https://utz.org/better-business-hub/strengthening-your-reputation/sustainable-hazelnuts-the-next-step-towards-making-sustainability-the-norm/
- Valdes J 2014. Chile-where the European hazelnut found a new home. http://www.chilet erraproperties.com/blog/2014/7/21/hazelnut-planta tion-in-chile-analysis-of-competitiveness. Accessed on 20.10.2018.
- Yavuz F, Birinci A, Peker K, Atsan T 2005. Econometric modelling of Turkey’s hazelnut sector: Implications on recent policies. Turk J Agric. For, 29:1-7.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ekim 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 26 Şubat 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 19 Nisan 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019Cilt: 22 Sayı: 5 |
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