Orta Anadolu Kuru Şartlarında Ekmeklik Buğdayda Optik Sensöre Dayalı Mevsim İçi Azotlu Gübre Kalibrasyon Optimizasyonu
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, buğdayın ZD 3.0 (sapa kalkma başlangıcı) döneminde klorofil metre (SPAD) ve GreenSeeker (NDVI) optik sensörler ile buğdayın N alımı ile tane verimi arasındaki ilişkileri ölçmek, doğrulamak ve gübre tavsiyeleri için denklem oluşturmaktır. Bu çalışmada, kuru koşullarda 4 farklı çeşit (Altay2000, Gerek79, Sönmez2001 ve Bezostaja1), 6 farklı azot dozuna (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ve 15 kg N da-1) karşılık olarak verdikleri mevsim içi spektral yansıma okumalarından hesaplanan vejetasyon indeksleri ve mevsim içi verim tahmini yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Zadoks (ZD) 2.4 (kardeşlenme), ZD 3.0 (sapa kalkma başlangıcı), ZD 3.1 (sapa kalkma 1 boğum dönemi) ve ZD 3.2 (sapa kalkma 2 boğumlu dönem) olmak üzere 4 ayrı dönemde vejetasyon indeksi (NDVI) okumaları yapılmıştır. Bu dönemlerden en uygun Zadoks 3.0 (sapa kalkma başlangıcı) döneminde yapılan okumalar en gerçekçi yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yaprak klorofil değerleri hakkında da bilgi veren spadmetre (SPAD) kullanımına göre mevsimiçi verim tahmini yapmaya olanak sağlayan NDVI yöntemi daha uygun bulunmuştur. 8 çiftçi tarlasından alınan değerlerin karşılaştırılmasında, optik sensör (NDVI) yönteminin önerdiği azot dozlarının çiftçi uygulamasıyla benzer verim düzeylerinde 0.9 kg N da-1 daha az azot kullanım sağladığı görülmüş, yani sistemin ekonomik etkinlik yönü öne çıkmıştır. Spadmetre kullanılarak erken ilkbahar döneminde azotlu gübre tavsiyesinde, normalize edilmiş spad (NSPAD) değerlerindeki artışın verimde neden olduğu artışı gösteren 4 dönemde de aynı Klorofil Yeterlilik İndeksi (Chlorophyll Sufficiency Index) 0.95 kritik eşik değeri nin altında olduğu zaman azotlu gübre tavsiye önerilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Bu bildiri, TÜBİTAK-KAMAG tarafından desteklenen 106G111 nolu proje kapsamında yapılan araştırma sonuçlarından hazırlanmıştır. Söz konusu projenin Ülkemiz için gerekliliğine inanarak müşteri olan Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı ile Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğüne ve destekleyen TÜBİTAK’a bütün proje ekibi olarak teşekkür ederiz.
Proje Numarası
TÜBİTAK 106G111 nolu Proje Kapsamında
Teşekkür
Bu bildiri, TÜBİTAK-KAMAG tarafından desteklenen 106G111 nolu proje kapsamında yapılan araştırma sonuçlarından hazırlanmıştır. Söz konusu projenin Ülkemiz için gerekliliğine inanarak müşteri olan Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı ile Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğüne ve destekleyen TÜBİTAK’a bütün proje ekibi olarak teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- Araus JI, Bort J, Ceccarelli S, Grando S, 1997. Relationship Between Leaf Structure And Carbon Isotope Discrimination In Field Grown Barley. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (35):533–541.
- Bijay-Singh, Varinderpal-Singh, Yadvinder-Singh, Thind HS, Ajay-Kumar, Satinderpal-Singh, Choudhary OP, Gupta RK, Vashistha M 2013. Supplementing Fertilizer Nitrogen Application to Irrigated Wheat at Maximum Tillering Stage Using Chlorophyll Meter and Optical Sensor. Agricultural Research (2):81–89.
- Blackmer TM, Schepers JS, Vigil MF 1993. Chlorophyll Meter Readings In Corn As Affected By Plant Spacing. Communications Soil Science and Plant Analysis (24): 2507–2516.
- Blackmer TM, Schepers JS 1994. Techniques For Monitoring Crop Nitrogen Status In Corn. Communications Soil Science and Plant Analysis (25):1791–1800.
- Blackmer TM, Schepers JS 1995. Use Of A Chlorophyll Meter To Monitor Nitrogen Status And Schedule Fertigation For Corn. Journal of Production agriculture (8): 56–60.
- Bremner JM 1965. Nitrogen Ed.: C.A.Black. Ed: Method of Soil Analysis. Part:II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Series. No:9. Agronomy. Inc. Madison. Wisconsin. USA.
- Çekiç C, Kalaycı HM, Savaşlı E, Önder Ö, Dayıoğlu R, Karaduman Y,Yorgancı Ö, Gökmen F, Dursun N, Gezgin S 2011. "Eskişehir Koşullarında Mevsim İçi Azotlu Gübre Yönetim Sistemlerinin Ekmeklik Buğdayın Verim ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması" TUBİTAK 106G111' nolu projesi.
- Chapman HD 1960. Leaf And Soil Analysis In Citrus Orchards – Criteria For The Diagnosis Of Nutrient Status And Guidance Of Fertilization And Soil Management. Riverside: Univ. of California (98): 53.
- Christoph W, Gerassimos Z, Peteinatos G, Link J, Claupein W 2018. Utilisation of Ground and Airborne Optical Sensors for Nitrogen Level Identification and Yield Prediction in Wheat . Agriculture (8): 79.
- Franzen D, Kitchen N, Holland K, Schepers J, Raun W 2016. Algorithms for In-Season Nutrient Management in Cereals.Agronomy Jouarnal (108):1–7.
- Hussain F, Bronson KF, Yadvinder-Singh, Bijay-Singh, Peng S 2000. Use Of Chlorophyll Meter Sufficiency Indices For Nitrogen Management Of Irrigated Rice In Asia. Agronomy Journal, 92 (5): 875–879.
- JMP. 2014 Scintilla - Copyright (C) 1998-2014 by Neil Hodgson;neilh@scintilla.org,SAS Institute. JMP 13.0 Users Guide. Carry, NC: Release SAS Institute Inc
- Kalaycı M, Kaya F, Aydın M, Özbek V, Atlı A 1996. Batı Geçit Bölgesi Koşullarında Buğdayın Verim Ve Tane Protein Kapsamı Üzerine Azotun Etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Özel Sayı) (20):49-59.
- Lopez-Bellido RJ, Shepherd CE, Barraclough PB 2004. Predicting Post-Anthesis N Requirements On Bread Wheat With A Minolta SPAD Meter. European Journal of Agronom (20): 313–320.
- Markwell J, Osterman JC, Mitchell JL 1995. Calibration Of The Minolta SPAD-502 Leaf Chlorophyll Meter. Photosynthesis Research (46): 467–472.
- Melaj MA, Echeverria HE, Lopez SC, Studdert G, Andrade F, Barbaro NO 2003. Timing Of Nitrogen Fertilization In Wheat Under Conventional And No-Tillage Systems. Agronomy Journal (95):1525-1531.
- Minolta 1989. Chlorophyll Meter SPAD 502. Minolta, Instruction Manual. Minolta Co. Ltd. Radiometric Instruments Operations. Osaka, Japan.
- Mullen RW, Thomason WE, Johnson GV, Freeman KW, Stone ML, Solie JB, Raun WR 2001. Use Of An In-Season Response Index To Predict Potential Yield Increases From Applied Nitrogen. In Annual Meeting Abstracts (CD-ROM). The American Society of America Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America Madison, WI.
- Mullen RW, Freeman KW, Raun WR, Johnson GV, Stone ML, Solie JB 2003. Use Of An In-Season Response Index To Identify The Potential To Increase Wheat Yield With Additional Nitrogen. Agronomy Journal (95):347-351.
- Ortiz-Monasterio JI, Raun WR 2007. Reduced Nitrogen For Improved Farm Income For Irrigated Spring Wheat In The Yaqui Valley, Mexico, Using Sensor Based Nitrogen Management. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (145):215–222.
- Palta JA, Bowden W, Asseng S 2003. Timing Of Late Applications Of N Fertiliser And Season On Grain Yield And Protein In Wheat. Proceedings Of The 11th Australian Agronomy Conference, Geelong.
- Penuelas J, Gamon JA, Griffinand KL, Field CB 1993. Assessing Community Type, Biomass, Pigment Composition And Photosynthetic Efficiency Of Aquatic Vegetation From Spectral Reflectance. Remote Sensing Environment Journal (46):110–118.
- Pivoto D, Waquil PD, Talamini E, Finocchio CPS, Dalla Corte VF, de Vargas Mores G 2018. Scientific Development Of Smart Farming Technologies And Their Application In Brazil. Information Processing In Agriculture 5 (1): 21–32.
- Rambo L, Da Silva PRF, Strieder ML, Sangoi L, Bayer C, Argenta G 2007. Monitoramento Do Nitrogênio Na Planta E No Solo Para Predição Da Adubação Nitrogenada Em Milho Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 42 (3): 407–417.
- Raun WR, Johnson GV, Stone ML, Solie JB, Lukina EV, Thomason WE, Schepers JS 2001. In-Season Prediction Of Potential Grain Yield In Winter Wheat Using Canopy Reflectance Agronomy Journal (93): 131–138.
- Raun, WR, Solie JB, Johnson GV, Stone ML, Mullen RW, Freeman KW, Thomasson WE. Lukina EV 2002. Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Cereal Grain Production With Optical Sensing And Variable Rate Application. Agronomy Journal (94):815-820.
- Raun WR, Solie JB, Stone ML, Martin KL, Freeman KW, Mullen RW, Zhang H, Schepers JS, Johnson GV 2005. Optical Sensor-Based Algorithm For Crop Nitrogen Fertilization. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36 (19–20), 2759–2781.
- Santos AB dos, Soler-Silva MA, Silveira PM da, Carvalho GD, Stone LF 2019. Nitrogen Sufficiency Index For Estimating Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirement Of Irrigated Rice. Revista Ceres journal 66(6):422-430.
- Savasli E, Önder O, Cekic C, Kalaycı HM, Dayıoğlu R, Karaduman Y, Gökmen F, Dursun N, Gezgin S 2017. The Effects Of Foliar Nitrogen Treatments At Heading Stage On Grain Protein Contents Of Bread Wheat Cultivars Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 31(1):42-47.
- Savaşlı E, Önder Ö, Çekiç C, Kalaycı HM, Dayıoğlu R, Karaduman K, Gökmen F, Dursun N, Gezgin S 2018. Sulu Şartlarda Ekmeklik Buğdayda Başaklanma Döneminde Yaprak Solüsyon Uygulamasının Tane Protein Kapsamı Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Tarım - Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji dergisi 6 (1): 84-90.
- Singh Bijay, Mohamed A 2020. Using Hand-Held Chlorophyll Meters and Canopy Reflectance Sensors for Fertilizer Nitrogen Management in Cereals in Small Farms in Developing Countries. Sensors. Sensors 20 (4): 1127.
- Steven MD, Malthus TJ, Demetriades-Shah TH, Danson FM, Clark JA 1990. High spectral resolution indices for crop stress. In: Steven MD, Clark JA. Applications of remote sensing in agriculture. Butterworths, p209-228.
- Stone ML, Solie JB, Raun WR, Whitney RW, Taylor SL, Ringer JD 1996. Use Of Spectral Radiance For Correcting In-Season Fertilizer Nitrogen Deficiencies In Winter Wheat. Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers 39 (5): 1623–1631.
- Varvel GE, Schepers JS, Francis DD 1997. Ability For In-Season Correction Of Nitrogen Deficiency In Corn Using Chlorophyll Meters. Soil Science Society of America Journal (61): 1233–1239.
- Walsh O, Shafian S, Christiaens RJ 2018.Evaluation Of Sensor-Based Nitrogen Rates And Sources In Wheat. International Journal of Agronomy Volume 2018 Hindawi 5670479.
- Wolfe DW, Henderson DW, Hsiao TC, Alvino A 1988. Interactive Water And Nitrogen Effects On Senescence Of Maize. II. Photosynthetic Decline And Longevity Of Individual Leaves. Agronomy Journal (80): 865–870.
- Zadoks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF 1974. A Decimal Code For The Growth Stages Of Cereals. Weed Research (14): 415–421
Calibration Optimization For Sensor-Based In-Season Nitrogen Management of Rainfed Winter Wheat in Central Anatolian Conditions
Öz
This study aimed to determine the Wheat response to nitrogen topdressing doses and calibrate the optic sensör NDVI reading. The objective of this study was to quantify and validate the relationships between N uptake and grain yield of wheat using in-season measurements by chlorophyll meter and GreenSeeker optical sensor at Zadoks3.0 growth stage (stem elongation) of wheat. In the study, responses of four winter wheat cultivars (Altay2000,Gerek79,Sönmez2001 and Bezostaja1) to six N rate (0,3,6,9,12 and 15 kgNda-1) under rainfed conditions were compared with vegetation indices based on spectral reflection and In-Season Estimates of Yield calculated from these indices. GreenSeekersensor was used for this purpose. Vegetation indices (NDVI) were obtained at growth stages Zadoks2.4, Zadoks3.0, Zadoks3.1 and Zadoks3.2, Zadoks3.0 (stem elongation) was found to be the most realistic reading time. In the last year of the project NDVI based calibration equations were preferred for tests in actual farmers’ fields due to the fact that NDVI method had an advantage, over Spadmeter (SPAD) use, of giving information on biomass, in addition to nitrogen nutrition status of the crop, making in-season yield estimation possible. A comparison of the system with traditional farmer applications, based on the average of 8 farmers’ fields, the new system was shown to give similar yields with 0.9 kg da-1 less Nitrogen in the spring (ZD3.0), showing its economically promising value. Chlorophyll Sufficiency Index was determined by using spadmeter in the early spring nitrogen fertilizer recommendation in the same period as 0.95 critical threshold value which showed increase in yield caused by increase in NSPAD values.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
TÜBİTAK 106G111 nolu Proje Kapsamında
Kaynakça
- Araus JI, Bort J, Ceccarelli S, Grando S, 1997. Relationship Between Leaf Structure And Carbon Isotope Discrimination In Field Grown Barley. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (35):533–541.
- Bijay-Singh, Varinderpal-Singh, Yadvinder-Singh, Thind HS, Ajay-Kumar, Satinderpal-Singh, Choudhary OP, Gupta RK, Vashistha M 2013. Supplementing Fertilizer Nitrogen Application to Irrigated Wheat at Maximum Tillering Stage Using Chlorophyll Meter and Optical Sensor. Agricultural Research (2):81–89.
- Blackmer TM, Schepers JS, Vigil MF 1993. Chlorophyll Meter Readings In Corn As Affected By Plant Spacing. Communications Soil Science and Plant Analysis (24): 2507–2516.
- Blackmer TM, Schepers JS 1994. Techniques For Monitoring Crop Nitrogen Status In Corn. Communications Soil Science and Plant Analysis (25):1791–1800.
- Blackmer TM, Schepers JS 1995. Use Of A Chlorophyll Meter To Monitor Nitrogen Status And Schedule Fertigation For Corn. Journal of Production agriculture (8): 56–60.
- Bremner JM 1965. Nitrogen Ed.: C.A.Black. Ed: Method of Soil Analysis. Part:II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Series. No:9. Agronomy. Inc. Madison. Wisconsin. USA.
- Çekiç C, Kalaycı HM, Savaşlı E, Önder Ö, Dayıoğlu R, Karaduman Y,Yorgancı Ö, Gökmen F, Dursun N, Gezgin S 2011. "Eskişehir Koşullarında Mevsim İçi Azotlu Gübre Yönetim Sistemlerinin Ekmeklik Buğdayın Verim ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması" TUBİTAK 106G111' nolu projesi.
- Chapman HD 1960. Leaf And Soil Analysis In Citrus Orchards – Criteria For The Diagnosis Of Nutrient Status And Guidance Of Fertilization And Soil Management. Riverside: Univ. of California (98): 53.
- Christoph W, Gerassimos Z, Peteinatos G, Link J, Claupein W 2018. Utilisation of Ground and Airborne Optical Sensors for Nitrogen Level Identification and Yield Prediction in Wheat . Agriculture (8): 79.
- Franzen D, Kitchen N, Holland K, Schepers J, Raun W 2016. Algorithms for In-Season Nutrient Management in Cereals.Agronomy Jouarnal (108):1–7.
- Hussain F, Bronson KF, Yadvinder-Singh, Bijay-Singh, Peng S 2000. Use Of Chlorophyll Meter Sufficiency Indices For Nitrogen Management Of Irrigated Rice In Asia. Agronomy Journal, 92 (5): 875–879.
- JMP. 2014 Scintilla - Copyright (C) 1998-2014 by Neil Hodgson;neilh@scintilla.org,SAS Institute. JMP 13.0 Users Guide. Carry, NC: Release SAS Institute Inc
- Kalaycı M, Kaya F, Aydın M, Özbek V, Atlı A 1996. Batı Geçit Bölgesi Koşullarında Buğdayın Verim Ve Tane Protein Kapsamı Üzerine Azotun Etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Özel Sayı) (20):49-59.
- Lopez-Bellido RJ, Shepherd CE, Barraclough PB 2004. Predicting Post-Anthesis N Requirements On Bread Wheat With A Minolta SPAD Meter. European Journal of Agronom (20): 313–320.
- Markwell J, Osterman JC, Mitchell JL 1995. Calibration Of The Minolta SPAD-502 Leaf Chlorophyll Meter. Photosynthesis Research (46): 467–472.
- Melaj MA, Echeverria HE, Lopez SC, Studdert G, Andrade F, Barbaro NO 2003. Timing Of Nitrogen Fertilization In Wheat Under Conventional And No-Tillage Systems. Agronomy Journal (95):1525-1531.
- Minolta 1989. Chlorophyll Meter SPAD 502. Minolta, Instruction Manual. Minolta Co. Ltd. Radiometric Instruments Operations. Osaka, Japan.
- Mullen RW, Thomason WE, Johnson GV, Freeman KW, Stone ML, Solie JB, Raun WR 2001. Use Of An In-Season Response Index To Predict Potential Yield Increases From Applied Nitrogen. In Annual Meeting Abstracts (CD-ROM). The American Society of America Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America Madison, WI.
- Mullen RW, Freeman KW, Raun WR, Johnson GV, Stone ML, Solie JB 2003. Use Of An In-Season Response Index To Identify The Potential To Increase Wheat Yield With Additional Nitrogen. Agronomy Journal (95):347-351.
- Ortiz-Monasterio JI, Raun WR 2007. Reduced Nitrogen For Improved Farm Income For Irrigated Spring Wheat In The Yaqui Valley, Mexico, Using Sensor Based Nitrogen Management. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (145):215–222.
- Palta JA, Bowden W, Asseng S 2003. Timing Of Late Applications Of N Fertiliser And Season On Grain Yield And Protein In Wheat. Proceedings Of The 11th Australian Agronomy Conference, Geelong.
- Penuelas J, Gamon JA, Griffinand KL, Field CB 1993. Assessing Community Type, Biomass, Pigment Composition And Photosynthetic Efficiency Of Aquatic Vegetation From Spectral Reflectance. Remote Sensing Environment Journal (46):110–118.
- Pivoto D, Waquil PD, Talamini E, Finocchio CPS, Dalla Corte VF, de Vargas Mores G 2018. Scientific Development Of Smart Farming Technologies And Their Application In Brazil. Information Processing In Agriculture 5 (1): 21–32.
- Rambo L, Da Silva PRF, Strieder ML, Sangoi L, Bayer C, Argenta G 2007. Monitoramento Do Nitrogênio Na Planta E No Solo Para Predição Da Adubação Nitrogenada Em Milho Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 42 (3): 407–417.
- Raun WR, Johnson GV, Stone ML, Solie JB, Lukina EV, Thomason WE, Schepers JS 2001. In-Season Prediction Of Potential Grain Yield In Winter Wheat Using Canopy Reflectance Agronomy Journal (93): 131–138.
- Raun, WR, Solie JB, Johnson GV, Stone ML, Mullen RW, Freeman KW, Thomasson WE. Lukina EV 2002. Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Cereal Grain Production With Optical Sensing And Variable Rate Application. Agronomy Journal (94):815-820.
- Raun WR, Solie JB, Stone ML, Martin KL, Freeman KW, Mullen RW, Zhang H, Schepers JS, Johnson GV 2005. Optical Sensor-Based Algorithm For Crop Nitrogen Fertilization. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36 (19–20), 2759–2781.
- Santos AB dos, Soler-Silva MA, Silveira PM da, Carvalho GD, Stone LF 2019. Nitrogen Sufficiency Index For Estimating Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirement Of Irrigated Rice. Revista Ceres journal 66(6):422-430.
- Savasli E, Önder O, Cekic C, Kalaycı HM, Dayıoğlu R, Karaduman Y, Gökmen F, Dursun N, Gezgin S 2017. The Effects Of Foliar Nitrogen Treatments At Heading Stage On Grain Protein Contents Of Bread Wheat Cultivars Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 31(1):42-47.
- Savaşlı E, Önder Ö, Çekiç C, Kalaycı HM, Dayıoğlu R, Karaduman K, Gökmen F, Dursun N, Gezgin S 2018. Sulu Şartlarda Ekmeklik Buğdayda Başaklanma Döneminde Yaprak Solüsyon Uygulamasının Tane Protein Kapsamı Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Tarım - Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji dergisi 6 (1): 84-90.
- Singh Bijay, Mohamed A 2020. Using Hand-Held Chlorophyll Meters and Canopy Reflectance Sensors for Fertilizer Nitrogen Management in Cereals in Small Farms in Developing Countries. Sensors. Sensors 20 (4): 1127.
- Steven MD, Malthus TJ, Demetriades-Shah TH, Danson FM, Clark JA 1990. High spectral resolution indices for crop stress. In: Steven MD, Clark JA. Applications of remote sensing in agriculture. Butterworths, p209-228.
- Stone ML, Solie JB, Raun WR, Whitney RW, Taylor SL, Ringer JD 1996. Use Of Spectral Radiance For Correcting In-Season Fertilizer Nitrogen Deficiencies In Winter Wheat. Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers 39 (5): 1623–1631.
- Varvel GE, Schepers JS, Francis DD 1997. Ability For In-Season Correction Of Nitrogen Deficiency In Corn Using Chlorophyll Meters. Soil Science Society of America Journal (61): 1233–1239.
- Walsh O, Shafian S, Christiaens RJ 2018.Evaluation Of Sensor-Based Nitrogen Rates And Sources In Wheat. International Journal of Agronomy Volume 2018 Hindawi 5670479.
- Wolfe DW, Henderson DW, Hsiao TC, Alvino A 1988. Interactive Water And Nitrogen Effects On Senescence Of Maize. II. Photosynthetic Decline And Longevity Of Individual Leaves. Agronomy Journal (80): 865–870.
- Zadoks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF 1974. A Decimal Code For The Growth Stages Of Cereals. Weed Research (14): 415–421
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | TÜBİTAK 106G111 nolu Proje Kapsamında |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 6 Mayıs 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International
Peer Reviewed Journal)
Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)
Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)
Bu web sitesi Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.