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Tuzluluk Stresi Altında Bor Uygulamasından Etkilenen Sorgum Çeşitlerinde (Sorghum bicolor L.) Çimlenme ve Büyüme Parametreleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 629 - 638, 30.06.2023

Tuğba Hasibe Gökkaya , Mehmet Arslan

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1111394
Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı tuz stresi seviyelerinde üç sorgum çeşidinin çimlenmesi ve büyümesi üzerine borun etkilerini araştırmaktır. Deneme, tesadüf blokları faktöriyel deneme deseni kullanılarak dört tekerrürlü olarak düzenlenmiştir. Genetik materyal için seçilen üç sorgum çeşidi (Sorghum bicolor L.) Erdurmuş, Uzun ve Gözde 80'dir. Tuz kaynağı olan NaCl bileşiğinden 0-75-150 mM konsantrasyonlarda çözeltiler hazırlanarak stes koşulları oluşturulmuştur. Bor dozları ise 0-5-10-15 mM olarak H3BO3 kimyasalından hazırlanarak uygulanmıştır. Genel olarak Gözde 80 çeşidinde elde edilen değerler en yüksek ortalamalar olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada tuzluluk düzeylerinin etkisi incelendiğinde, stres faktörünün düzeyi arttıkça ölçülen parametrelerde azalmalar tespit edilmiştir. En düşük ortalamalar 150 mM seviyesinde tuz uygulamalarında elde edilirken, en yüksek ortalamalar kontrol uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. Düşük dozlarda bor uygulamaları bu çalışmada tüm parametreler üzerinde artışlar meydana getirmiştir. Tuzluluk stresi koşullarında düşük dozda bor uygulamaları her koşulun kontrolüne göre pozitif etki göstermiştir. Bu denemede, sorgum tohumlarının çimlenme döneminde karşılaşabilecekleri tuzluluk stresi koşullarında bor uygulamalarının bu etkiyi azalttığı ancak uygulanacak bor doz seviyesinin uygun şekilde kontrol edilmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bor Sorgum Çeşitleri Tuzluluk Çimlenme Büyüme

Destekleyen Kurum

Akdeniz University

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, K., Qadir, G., Nawaz, M.Q., Riaz, M.A., Nawaz, M.F., & Ullah, M.M.A. (2020). Combined effect of growth hormones and gypsum induces salinity tolerance in wheat under saline-sodic soil. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 31(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2021.1.0200.
  • Aishah, H.S., Saberi, A.R., Halim, R.A., & Zaharah, A.R. (2010). Salinity effects on germination of forage sorghumes. Journal of Agronomy, 9(4), 169-174.
  • Alamri, S.A., Siddiqui, M.H., Al-Khaishani, M.Y., & Hayssam, M.A. (2018). Boron induces seed germination and seedling growth of Hordeum vulgare L. under NaCl stress. Journal of Advances in Agriculture, 8(1), 1224-1234.
  • Ali, M.A., Abbas, A., Awan, S.I., Jabran, K., & Gardezi, S.D.A. (2011). Correlated response of various morphophysiological characters with grain yield in sorghum landraces at different growth phases. Journal Animal Plant Science, 21, 671-679.
  • Almodares, A., Hadi, M.R., & Dosti, B. (2008). The effects of salt stress on growth parameters and carbohydrates contents in sweet sorghum. Res J. Environ Sci, 2(4), 298-304.
  • Amano, T., Shi, C.J., Qin, D.L., Tsuda, M., & Matsumoto, Y. (1996). High-Yielding Performance of Paddy Rice Achieved in Yunnan Province, China: I. High yielding ability of Japonica F1 hybrid rice, Yu-Za 29. Japan J. Crop Sci., 65(1), 16–21.
  • Arslan, M., Erdurmuş, C., & Çakmakçı, S. (2013). Effects of NaCl concentrations on germination and early seedling growth of silage sorghum (Sroghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties on different textured soils. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 11(2), 474-476.
  • Arslan, M., Erdurmuş, C., Öten, M., Aydınoğlu, B., & Çakmakçı, S. (2017). Sorgum ve bazı bitkilerin ile farklı oranlarda karışımlarından hazırlanan silajların kalite özellikleri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14, 34-41.
  • Arslan, M. & Aydınoğlu, B. (2018). Tuzluluk (NaCl) stresinin mürdümükde (Lathyrus sativus L.) çimlenme ve erken fide gelişme özelliklerine etkisi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 7(1), 49-54.
  • Asgari, F. & Diyanat, M. (2021). Effects of silicon on some morphological and physiological traits of rose (Rosa chinensis var. minima) plants grown under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 44(4), 536–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020. 1845367
  • Atış, İ. (2011). Bazı silajlık sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) çeşitlerinin çimlenmesi ve fide gelişimi üzerine tuz stresinin etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (2), 58-67.
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Germination and Growth Parameters in Sorghum Cultivars (Sorghum bicolor L.) Effected by Boron Application under Salinity Stress

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 629 - 638, 30.06.2023

Tuğba Hasibe Gökkaya , Mehmet Arslan

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1111394
Cited By: 1

Öz

The aim of this research is investigating the effects of boron on the germination and growth of three sorghum cultivars at different salinity stress levels. The experiment was arranged as four replications according to the factorial experimental design in completely random blocks The three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars (Erdurmuş, Uzun and Gözde 80) selected for the genetic material. NaCl compound was utilized as salt source and solutions were prepared at concentrations of 0-75-150 mM. Boron was applied as H3BO3 at 0-5-10-15 mM. In general regarding growth parameters, the values obtained in Gözde 80 cultivar were determined as the highest averages. Whereas the salinity levels effect was examined in this study, a decrease was determined in the parameters measured as the level of the stress factor increased. Salinity had a high adverse effect at the 150 mM level, and as expected the highest averages were obtained in the control treatments. Low-dose boron applications have possitive effects on germination and growth parameters in this experiment. Therewithal under salinity stress conditions, low-dose boron applications showed affirmative efficacy compared to the control of each condition. In this experiment, determined that boron applications reduce this effect under salinity stress conditions that sorghum seeds may encounter during the germination period, but the boron dose level to be applied should be properly controlled.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Boron Sorghum Cultivars Salinity Germination Growth

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, K., Qadir, G., Nawaz, M.Q., Riaz, M.A., Nawaz, M.F., & Ullah, M.M.A. (2020). Combined effect of growth hormones and gypsum induces salinity tolerance in wheat under saline-sodic soil. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 31(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2021.1.0200.
  • Aishah, H.S., Saberi, A.R., Halim, R.A., & Zaharah, A.R. (2010). Salinity effects on germination of forage sorghumes. Journal of Agronomy, 9(4), 169-174.
  • Alamri, S.A., Siddiqui, M.H., Al-Khaishani, M.Y., & Hayssam, M.A. (2018). Boron induces seed germination and seedling growth of Hordeum vulgare L. under NaCl stress. Journal of Advances in Agriculture, 8(1), 1224-1234.
  • Ali, M.A., Abbas, A., Awan, S.I., Jabran, K., & Gardezi, S.D.A. (2011). Correlated response of various morphophysiological characters with grain yield in sorghum landraces at different growth phases. Journal Animal Plant Science, 21, 671-679.
  • Almodares, A., Hadi, M.R., & Dosti, B. (2008). The effects of salt stress on growth parameters and carbohydrates contents in sweet sorghum. Res J. Environ Sci, 2(4), 298-304.
  • Amano, T., Shi, C.J., Qin, D.L., Tsuda, M., & Matsumoto, Y. (1996). High-Yielding Performance of Paddy Rice Achieved in Yunnan Province, China: I. High yielding ability of Japonica F1 hybrid rice, Yu-Za 29. Japan J. Crop Sci., 65(1), 16–21.
  • Arslan, M., Erdurmuş, C., & Çakmakçı, S. (2013). Effects of NaCl concentrations on germination and early seedling growth of silage sorghum (Sroghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties on different textured soils. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 11(2), 474-476.
  • Arslan, M., Erdurmuş, C., Öten, M., Aydınoğlu, B., & Çakmakçı, S. (2017). Sorgum ve bazı bitkilerin ile farklı oranlarda karışımlarından hazırlanan silajların kalite özellikleri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14, 34-41.
  • Arslan, M. & Aydınoğlu, B. (2018). Tuzluluk (NaCl) stresinin mürdümükde (Lathyrus sativus L.) çimlenme ve erken fide gelişme özelliklerine etkisi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 7(1), 49-54.
  • Asgari, F. & Diyanat, M. (2021). Effects of silicon on some morphological and physiological traits of rose (Rosa chinensis var. minima) plants grown under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 44(4), 536–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020. 1845367
  • Atış, İ. (2011). Bazı silajlık sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) çeşitlerinin çimlenmesi ve fide gelişimi üzerine tuz stresinin etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (2), 58-67.
  • Atta, K., Pal, A.K., & Jana, K. (2021). Effects of salinity, drought and heavy metal stress during seed germination stage in ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi]. Plant Physiology Reports, 26(1), 109–115. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s40502-020-00542-4.
  • Baran, M.S. & Kocabağlı, N. (2000). Tane sorgumun süt ineklerinde ruminal fermantasyon, süt verimi ve sütün bileşimi üzerine etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, 113-128.
  • Batista, V.A.P., Vieira, H.D., Pires, J.I.C., & Correia, L.Z. (2021). Physical-physiological quality and early performance of sorghum plants under different boron doses via seed. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(6), 3185-3200.
  • Bhamburdekar, S.B. (2002). Germination studies in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) [Ph.D. Thesis,Shivaji University Kolhapur, India. ] Pp.112
  • Bhati, S., Chaudhary, S., & Garg, G. (2021). Effect of soil salinity on growth parameters and antioxidant activity in two genotypes of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences, 2(2), 95-102.
  • Bibi, A., Zahid, M.I., Sadaqat, H.A., & Fatima, B. (2016). Correlation analysis among forage yield and quality components in sorghum sudangrass hybrids under water stress conditions. G.J.B.B., 5(4), 444-448.
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  • Da Rocha Pinho, L.G., Monnerat, P.H., Pires, A.A., Freitas, M.S.M., & Marciano, C.R. (2015). Diagnosis of boron deficiency in green dwarf coconut palm. Agric. Sci., 6, 164-174.
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  • Ejeta, G. & Knoll, J.E., (2007). Marker-Assisted Selection in Sorghum In: Genomic-Assisted Crop Improvement: Genomics Applications in Crops. Varshney RK, Tuberosa Reds. 2, 187-205
  • El-Kassaby, Y.A., Moss, I., Kolotelo, D., & Stoehr, M. (2008). Seed Germination: Mathematical Representation and Parameters Extraction. Forest Science, 54(2), 220-227.
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  • Gupta, U., & Solanki, H. (2013). Impact of boron deficiency on plant growth. International Journal of Bioassays, 2(7), 1048-1050.
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  • Hu, H., & Brown, P.H. (1997). Absorption of Boron by Plant Roots. In: Boron in Plants and Soils. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands: 49–58.
  • ISTA, 2017. International for Seed Testing Rules. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland. Jadhav, S.S. & Bhamburdekar, S.B. (2014). Effect of boron on germination performance in different varieties of sweet sorghum. International Journal of Advanced Research, 2 (4),1137-1143.
  • Kara, B., Akgün, İ., & Altındal, D. (2011). Tritikale genotiplerinde çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine tuzluluğun (NaCl) etkisi. Selçuk Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25, 1-9.
  • Karadağ, Y., & Özkurt, M. (2014). İkinci ürün olarak yetiştirilebilecek silajlık sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) çeşitlerinde farklı sıra aralıklarının verim ve kalite üzerine etkisi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 31, 19-24.
  • Karle, S.B., Guru, A., Dwivedi, P., & Kumar, K. (2021). Insights into the role of gasotransmitters mediating salt stress responses in plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 0123456789. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00344-020-10293-z.
  • Kaya, M.D., Ipek, A., & Ozturk, A. (2003). Effects of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turk. J. Agric.For., 27, 221-227.
  • Kebede, H., Subudhi, P.K., Rosenow, D.T., Nguyen, H.T. (2001). Quantitative trait loci influencing drought tolerance in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. moench). Theor. Appl. Genet., 103, 266-276.
  • Krishnamurthy, L., Serraj, R., Hash, C.T., Dakheel, A.J., & Reddy, B.S.V. (2007). screening sorghum genotypes for salinity tolerant biomass production. Euphytica, 156 (1-2), 15- 24.
  • Kumar, D., Al Hassan, M., Naranjo, M.A., Agrawal, V., Boscaiu, M., & Vicente, O. (2017). Effects of salinity and drought on growth, ıonic relations, compatible solutes and activation of antioxidant systems in oleander (Nerium oleander L.). Plos One. 12(9), e0185017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0185017. PMID: 28922384.
  • Li, W., Yamaguchi, S., Khan, M.A., An, P., Liu, X., & Tran, L.S.P. (2016). Roles of gibberellins and abscisic acid in regulating germination of suaeda salsa dimorphic seeds under salt stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 1-10.
  • Maas, E.V., & Hoffman, G.J. (1977). Crop salt tolerance-current assessment. journal of ırrigation drainage division. American Society Civil Engineering, 103, 115-134.
  • Majda, C., Khalid, D., Aziz, A., Rachid, B., Badr, A.S., Lotfi, A., & Mohamed, B. (2019). Nutri-priming as an efficient means to ımprove the agronomic performance of molybdenum in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Science of the Total Environment, 661, 654-663.
  • Marschner, P. (2012). Mineral Nutrition Of Higher Plants (3nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Moghaddam, M., Farhadi, N., Panjtandoust, M., & Ghanati, F. (2020). Seed germination, antioxidant enzymes activity and proline content in medicinal plant tagetes minuta under salinity stress. Plant Biosystems, 154(6), 835-842. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/11263504.2019.1701122.
  • Nawaz, F., Ashraf, M.Y., Ahmad, R., Waraich, E.A., & Shabbir, R.N. 2014. Selenium (Se) regulates seedling growth in wheat under drought stress. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Advances in Chemistry, Article ID 143567; 7p.
  • Ödemiş, B., Büyüktaş, D., & Çalışkan, M.E. (2019). Effects of saline ırrigation water and proline applications on yield, vegetative and physiological characteristics of potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.). Horticultural Studies (HortiS), 36, 54-63. http://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2018.407736.
  • Önal Aşcı, Ö., & Üney, H. (2016). Farklı tuz yoğunluklarının macar fiğinde (Vicia pannonica Crantz) çimlenme ve bitki gelișimine etkisi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 5, 29-34.
  • Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Emam, Y., Rousta, M.J., & Ashraf, M. (2017). Salicylic acid induced salinity tolerance through manipulation of ion distribution rather than ion accumulation. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 36, 227-239.
  • Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., & Hedayati-Firoozabadi, A. (2022). Sorghum [Soghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] growth, and soil moisture and salt content as affected by ırrigation water salinity. International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology, 1(1), 33-37.
  • Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Ranjbar, G., Pakniyat, H., & Emam, Y. (2016). Physiological Mechanisms of Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants; An Overview: Pp. 141-160. In: Azooz, M.M., Ahmad, P. (Eds). “Plant-Environment Interaction: Responses and Approaches to Mitigate Stress”. Wiley, London.
  • Pontieri, P., Di Fiore, R., Troisi, J., Bean, S.R., Roemer, E., Okot, J., Alifano, P., Pignone, D., Giudice, L.D., & Massardo, D.R. (2012). Chemical composition and fatty acid content of white food sorghums grown in different environments. Maydica, 56(1). 51
  • Quamruzzaman, M., Manik, S.N., Livermore, M., Johnson, P., Zhou, M., & Shabala, S. (2022). Multidimensional screening and evaluation of morpho‐physiological ındices for salinity stress tolerance in wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 208(4), 454-471.
  • Rajakumar, R. (2013). A study on effect of salt stress in the seed germination and bio chemical parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under in vitro condition. Asian Plant Sci. Res., 3(6), 20-25.
  • Reguera, M., Espi, A., Bolanos, L., Bonilha, I., & Redondonieto, M, (2009). Endoreduplication before cell differentiation fails in boron-deficient legume nodules. is boron ınvolved in signaling during cell cycle regulation? New Phytologist, 183(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02869.x.
  • Ren, Y., Wang, W., He, J., Zhang, L., Wei, Y., & Yang, M. (2020). Nitric oxide alleviates salt stress in seed germination and early seedling growth of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) by enhancing physiological and biochemical parameters. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 187, 109785. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109785.
  • Rooney, L.W., & Waniska, R.D, (2000). Sorghum food and industrial utilization, pp. 689-729. In: Smith CW, Frederiksen RA eds. Sorghum: Origin, History, Technology, and Production, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
  • Shabala, S. (2009). Salinity and programmed cell death: unravelling mechanisms for ıon specific signalling. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(3), 709–712. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp013.
  • Shahid, M., Ameen, F., Maheshwari, H.S., Ahmed, B., AlNadhari, S., & Khan, M.S. (2021). colonization of vigna radiata by a halotolerant bacterium kosakonia sacchari ımproves the ıonic balance, stressor metabolites, antioxidant status and yield under NaCl stress. Applied Soil Ecology, 158(November 2020), 103809. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103809.
  • Shakeri, E., Emam, Y., Tabatabaei, S., & Sepaskhah, A. (2017). Evaluation of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) lines/cultivars under salinity stress using tolerance indices. Int. J. Plant Prod., 11, 101–115.
  • Shtaya, M.J., Al-Fares, H., Qubbaj, T., Abu-Qaoud, H., & Shraim, F. (2021). Influence of salt stress on seed germination and agromorphological traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Legume Research-An International Journal, 44(12), 1455-1459.
  • Silva-Matos, R.R.S.D., Albano, F.G., Cavalcante, Í.H.L., Pessoa, J.A., Neto Silva, R.L., Oliveira, I.V.D.M., & Carvalho, C.I.F.S. (2017). Desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de melancia cv. crimson sweet em função de doses de boro aplicadas na semente. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, 40(4), 30-39. doi: 10.19084/RCA16121.
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  • Tariq, M., & Mott, C.J. (2006). Effect on boron supply on the uptake of micronutrients by radish (Raphanus sativus L.). J.of Agri. and Bio.Sci., 1(2), 1-8.
  • Tenikecier, H.S., & Ates, E. (2022). Impact of salinity on germination and seedling growth of four cool-season turfgrass species and cultivars. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 31(2), 1813-1821.
  • Thomson, A.J., & El-Kassaby, Y.A. (1993). Interpretation of seed-germination parameters. New For. 7, 123–132.
  • Tigabu, E., Andargie, M., & Tesfaye, K. (2012). Response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes to nacl levels at early growth stages. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 7, 5711–5718.
  • Tolay, I. (2021). The impact of different zinc (Zn) levels on growth and nutrient uptake of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown under salinity stress. Plos One, 16(2), e0246493. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal. pone.0246493.
  • Uluisik, I., Karakaya, H,C., & Koc, A. (2018). The importance of boron in biological systems. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 45(1), 156-162.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119487210. Ch20.
  • Uraguchi, S., & Fujiwara, T. (2011). Significant contribution of boron stored in seeds to initial growth of rice seedlings. Plant and soil, 340(1), 435-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0614-9.
  • Vadakekara Joseph, M. (2016). Extrusion, physiochemical characterization and nutritional evaluation of sorghum-based high protein, micronutrient for TIFIED. Blended Foods. 235 pp.
  • Warrington, K. (1923). The effect of boric acid and borax on the broad bean and certain other plants. Ann. Bot. (Lond.), 37, 629-672.
  • Xia, F.S., Wang, Y.C., Zhu, H.S., Ma, J.Y., Yang, Y.Y., Tian, R.,& Dong, K.H. (2019). Influence of priming with exogenous boron on the seed vigour of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).Legume Research-an International Journal, 42(6), 795-799.
  • Yildirim, E., Karlidag, H., & Dursun, A. (2011). Salt tolerance of physalis during germination and seedling growth. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43, 2673-2676.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Tuğba Hasibe Gökkaya 0000-0001-5956-0764

Mehmet Arslan 0000-0002-2197-4969

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Nisan 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Nisan 2022
Kabul Tarihi 12 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökkaya, T. H., & Arslan, M. (2023). Germination and Growth Parameters in Sorghum Cultivars (Sorghum bicolor L.) Effected by Boron Application under Salinity Stress. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(3), 629-638. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1111394

Cited By

Effects of salt stress on germination, seedling growth, and ion content of sweet sorghum
Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences
https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1473692
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