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Determination of Naphthalene Concentration in Honey a New Method using HS-GC/MS (Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5, 1095 - 1104

Ebubekir İzol

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1427402

Öz

Honey is considered by people as an important food, included in diets and used in the treatment of many diseases. Contamination of honey with harmful compounds can render it unsafe, as honey is known to naturally contain pesticides. These pests are transmitted to honey by environmental conditions or incorrect beekeeping practices. Naphthalene is used by beekeepers to prevent the honeycombs from holding moths. Naphthalene, which has carcinogenic properties, also causes different diseases. Therefore, the concentration of naphthalene in honey should not exceed a certain limit. For the determination of this, many different analysis methods are developed and applied. In this study, the naphthalene concentration of honey from Bingöl province and its districts, one of the important beekeeping centers in Türkiye, was determined by a new HS-GC/MS method that does not require sample preparation. No naphthalene concentration was detected in eight different honey samples. A concentration of 0.5 µg kg-1 was used as the detection limit. The fact that naphthalene concentration was not detected in kinds of honey from Bingöl province indicates that beekeepers do not use naphthalene and that naphthalene is not contaminated by environmental factors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Honey HS-GC/MS Naphthalene Gas chromatography Headspace

Teşekkür

I would like to thank Bingöl University Bee and Natural Products R&D and P&D Research and Application Center for supporting this study.

Kaynakça

  • Aggrawal, A. (2006). Agrochemical poisoning. Forensic pathology reviews, 261-327
  • Al-Alam, J., Fajloun, Z., Chbani, A., & Millet, M. (2017). A multiresidue method for the analysis of 90 pesticides, 16 PAHs, and 22 PCBs in honey using QuEChERS–SPME. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 409, 5157-5169.
  • Albero, B., Sánchez-Brunete, C., & Tadeo, J. L. (2003). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in honey by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of AOAC International, 86(3), 576-582.
  • Anonymous, (2023). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal Tebliği, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Ankara, 2023/37. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/11/20231124-5.htm
  • Badertscher, R., Kilchenmann, V., Liniger, A., & Gallmann, P. (2010). Determination of 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene and thymol residues in honey using static headspace coupled with GC-MS. J. ApiProduct & ApiMedical Sci, 2(3), 78-92.
  • Bansal, V., Kumar, P., Kwon, E. E., & Kim, K. H. (2017). Review of the quantification techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food products. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(15), 3297-3312.
  • Beyoğlu, D., Omurtag, G.Z. (2007). Occurrence of naphthalene in honey consumed in Turkey as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Journal of Food Protection,7, 7-15.
  • Bogdanov, S., Ruoff, K., & Oddo, L. P. (2004). Physico-chemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S4-S17.
  • Bulut, G., Col, M., Derebasi, E., Erturk, O., Guney, F., & Yasar, N. (2014). Physicochemical and Residue Analysis of Honey from Black Sea Regıon of Turkey.
  • Castle, L., Philo, M., Sharman, M. (2004). The analysis of honey samples for residues of nitrobenzene and petroleum from the possible use of Frow mixture in hives. Food Chemistry, 84, 643-649.
  • Çakar, E., & Gürel, F. (2019). Süzme ve petekli balların pestisit, naftalin ve antibiyotik kalıntıları bakımından karşılaştırılması. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 32(3), 453-459.
  • Dobrinas, S., Birghila, S., & Coatu, V. (2008). Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in honey and propolis produced from various flowering trees and plants in Romania. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 21(1), 71-77.
  • Fazaieli, F., Afshar Mogaddam, M. R., Farajzadeh, M. A., Feriduni, B., & Mohebbi, A. (2020). Development of organic solvents‐free mode of solidification of floating organic droplet–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from honey samples before their determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Separation Science, 43(12), 2393-2400.
  • Gölge, Ö., Hepsağ, F., Kılınççeker, O. (2017). Determination of naphthalene levels of honey in eastern mediterranean region. Adyütayam 5(2), 14-23.
  • Harizanis, P. C., Alissandrakis, E., Tarantilis, P. A., & Polissiou, M. (2008). Solid-phase microextraction/ gas-chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of p-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene in honey. Food Additives and Contaminants, 25(10), 1272-1277.
  • Iwegbue, C. M., Tesi, G. O., Obi, G., Obi-Iyeke, G. E., Igbuku, U. A., & Martincigh, B. S. (2016). Concentrations, health risks and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Nigerian honey. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 8, 28-42.
  • İzol, E. (2023a). “Phytochemicals in Honey and Health Effects”, In Honeybees, Plants and Health, ed. Koçyiğit
  • M., İzol E., Haspolat Y.K., Orient Publications, 85-96. ISBN: 978-625-6598-03-4.
  • İzol, E. (2023b). “The Place of Bee Products in Functional Medicine”, In Functional Medicine Part 2, ed.
  • Haspolat Y.K., Atlı A., Aşır F., Orient Publications, 11-16. ISBN: 978-625-6893-11-5.
  • İzol, E. (2023c). Bazı Arı Ürünlerinin (Bal, Polen, Propolis, Arı Sütü ve Arı Ekmeği) LC-MS/MS ile Sekonder Metabolitlerinin ve Biyolojik Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • İzol, E., Kaya, E., &Karahan, D. (2021). “Investigation of Some Metals in Honey Samples Produced in Different Regions of Bingöl Province by ICP-MS. Mellifera 21(1), 1–17.
  • İzol, E., Gülçin, İ., Yılmaz, M.A. (2023). “Health Effects of Honey and Honey Sherbet with Spiritual and Scientific Sources”, In Functional Foods, ed. Haspolat Y.K., Kavak V., Asena M., Orient Publications, 89-95. ISBN: 978-625-6893-99-3.
  • Karacaoğlu, M., Uçak Koç, A., Çerçi, A. (2012). Assessment of naphthalene residues in beeswax foundations stored in windscreen cabinets. Asian Journal of Animal Science, 6(1),42-46.
  • Karakaş, G. (2022). Pestisit Kullanımının Bal Verimi Üzerine Etkisi; Panel Veri Analizi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(5), 1163-1167.
  • Koltsakidou, A., Zacharis, C. K., Fytianos, K. (2015). A validated liquid chromatographic method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in honey after homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction using hydrophilic acetonitrile and sodium chloride as mass separating agent. Journal of Chromatography A, 1377, 46-54.
  • Moliner-Martinez, Y., Herráez-Hernández, R., Verdú-Andrés, J., Molins-Legua, C., & Campíns-Falcó, P. (2015). Recent advances of in-tube solid-phase microextraction. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 71, 205-213.
  • Moniruzzaman, M., Rodríguez, I., Rodríguez-Cabo, T., Cela, R., Sulaiman, S. A., & Gan, S. H. (2014). Assessment of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction conditions for gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification of organic compounds in honey. Journal of Chromatography A, 1368, 26-36.
  • Muku, C., Güçlü, G., & Selli, S. (2019). Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi Ballarının Pestisit ve Naftalin Kalıntılarının LC/MS/MS ve HS-SPME GC/MS Teknikleriyle Belirlenmesi. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 34(2), 142-148.
  • NRC (National Research Council). (2009). Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.17226/12209.
  • NTP. (2016). Naphthalene. Report on Carcinogens. 14 th ed. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program, https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/ roc/content/profiles/naphthalene.pdf [accessed 26 June 2021].
  • Queiroz, M. E. C., de Souza, I. D., & Marchioni, C. (2019). Current advances and applications of in-tube solid-phase microextraction. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 111, 261-278.
  • Poster, D. L., Schantz, M. M., Sander, L. C., & Wise, S. A. (2006). Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples: a critical review of gas chromatographic (GC) methods. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 386, 859-881.
  • Russo, M. V., Avino, P., & Notardonato, I. (2017). PAH residues in honey by ultrasound-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction followed by GC-FID/IT-MS. Food Analytical Methods, 10, 2132-2142.
  • Saitta, M., Di Bella, G., Fede, M. R., Lo Turco, V., Potortì, A. G., Rando, R., ... & Dugo, G. (2017). Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multi-residual analysis of contaminants in Italian honey samples. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(5), 800-808.
  • Santos, P. M., del Nogal Sánchez, M., Pavón, J. L. P., & Cordero, B. M. (2019). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human biological samples: A critical review. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 113, 194-209.
  • Seidi, S., Abolhasani, H., Razeghi, Y., Shanehsaz, M., & Manouchehri, M. (2020). Electrochemically deposition of ionic liquid modified graphene oxide for circulated headspace in-tube solid phase microextraction of naphthalene from honey samples followed by online liquid chromatography analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 1628, 461486.
  • Soria, A. C., Martínez‐Castro, I., & Sanz, J. (2003). Analysis of volatile composition of honey by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Journal of Separation Science, 26(9‐10), 793-801.
  • Şireli, U.T. Ülker, H. (2013). Süzme ballarda GCMS metodu ile naftalin kalıntısının incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri, BAP No: 12H3338002 p:22.
  • Tananaki, C., Zotou, A., & Thrasyvoulou, A. (2005). Determination of 1, 2-dibromoethane, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues in honey by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using purge and trap thermal desorption extraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 1083(1-2), 146-152.
  • Topdemir, A., Okutan, T., Kırmızıkaya, G., Yılmaz, P. D. Ö. (2024). Naftalin Asetik Asit, 6-Benzilaminopürin ve İndol-3-Bütirik Asit Kombinasyonlarının Actinidia deliciosa Kallus Gelişimi Üzerine Biyokimyasal Bir Araştırma. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(2), 249-260.
  • Tosunoğlu, H. (2016). Bursa ilinde satışa sunulmuş balların naftalin kalıntısı yönünden incelenmesi. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 15(2), 41-46.
  • Tsimeli, K., Triantis, T. M., Dimotikali, D., & Hiskia, A. (2008). Development of a rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of 1, 2-dibromoethane, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues in honey using HS-SPME coupled with GC–MS. Analytica chimica acta, 617(1-2), 64-71.
  • Turhan, M., İzol, E. (2023). “Healing Honey and Harmful Pesticides”, In 2.International Selçuk Scientific Researches Congress Book p:321-328, October 21-22, Konya, Türkiye.
  • U.S. EPA. (2021). Health and Environmental Research Online (HERO) Database for Naphthalene. https://hero.epa.gov/hero/index.cfm/ project/page/project_id/3064 [accessed 15 March 2021].
  • Wang, X., Li, X., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Bai, Y., & Liu, H. (2014). Online coupling of in-tube solid-phase microextraction with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for rapid determination of triazine herbicides in water using carbon-nanotubes-incorporated polymer monolith. Analytical chemistry, 86(10), 4739-4747.
  • Wang, W., Zhang, S., Li, Z., Li, J., Yang, X., Wang, C., & Wang, Z. (2020). Construction of covalent triazine-based frameworks and application to solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from honey samples. Food chemistry, 322, 126770.
  • Yapıcı, İ., İzol, E., Tarhan, A. (2023). “Significant Bioactive Components in Bee Products”, In Bee and Bee Products, ed. İzol E., Koçyiğit M., Haspolat Y.K., Orient Publications, 1-15.
  • Yost, E. E., Galizia, A., Kapraun, D. F., Persad, A. S., Vulimiri, S. V., Angrish, M., ... & Druwe, I. L. (2021). Health effects of naphthalene exposure: a systematic evidence map and analysis of potential considerations for dose–response evaluation. Environmental health perspectives, 129(7), 076002.

Baldaki Naftalin Konsantrasyonunun Yeni Bir Yöntemle HS-GC/MS (Headspace-Gaz Kromatografisi/Kütle Spektrometresi) ile Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5, 1095 - 1104

Ebubekir İzol

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1427402

Öz

Bal, insanlar tarafından önemli bir gıda olarak görülmekte, diyetlerde yer almakta ve birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Şifa kaynağı olan bala zararlı bileşenlerin bulaşması balı zararlı hale getirebilir; zira balda pestisitlerin bulunduğu bilinmektedir. Bu zararlılar çevresel koşullar veya yanlış arıcılık uygulamaları ile bala bulaşmaktadır. Naftalin, arıcılar tarafından peteklerin güve tutmasını önlemek için kullanılmaktadır. Kanserojen özelliğe sahip olan naftalin, farklı hastalıklara da neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle baldaki naftalin konsantrasyonunun belirli bir sınırı aşmaması gerekmektedir. Bunun tespiti için birçok farklı analiz yöntemi geliştirilmekte ve uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin önemli arıcılık merkezlerinden biri olan Bingöl ili ve ilçelerinden elde edilen balların naftalin konsantrasyonu, numune hazırlama gerektirmeyen yeni bir HS-GC/MS yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Sekiz farklı bal örneğinde naftalin konsantrasyonu tespit edilmemiştir. Tespit limiti olarak 0.5 µg kg-1'lık bir konsantrasyon kullanılmıştır. Bingöl ilinden gelen ballarda naftalin konsantrasyonunun tespit edilmemiş olması, arıcıların naftalin kullanmadığını ve naftalinin çevresel faktörlerle kontamine olmadığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bal Naftalin HS-GC/MS Gaz Kromatografisi Headspace

Teşekkür

I would like to thank Bingöl University Bee and Natural Products R&D and P&D Research and Application Center for supporting this study.

Kaynakça

  • Aggrawal, A. (2006). Agrochemical poisoning. Forensic pathology reviews, 261-327
  • Al-Alam, J., Fajloun, Z., Chbani, A., & Millet, M. (2017). A multiresidue method for the analysis of 90 pesticides, 16 PAHs, and 22 PCBs in honey using QuEChERS–SPME. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 409, 5157-5169.
  • Albero, B., Sánchez-Brunete, C., & Tadeo, J. L. (2003). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in honey by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of AOAC International, 86(3), 576-582.
  • Anonymous, (2023). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal Tebliği, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Ankara, 2023/37. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/11/20231124-5.htm
  • Badertscher, R., Kilchenmann, V., Liniger, A., & Gallmann, P. (2010). Determination of 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene and thymol residues in honey using static headspace coupled with GC-MS. J. ApiProduct & ApiMedical Sci, 2(3), 78-92.
  • Bansal, V., Kumar, P., Kwon, E. E., & Kim, K. H. (2017). Review of the quantification techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food products. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(15), 3297-3312.
  • Beyoğlu, D., Omurtag, G.Z. (2007). Occurrence of naphthalene in honey consumed in Turkey as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Journal of Food Protection,7, 7-15.
  • Bogdanov, S., Ruoff, K., & Oddo, L. P. (2004). Physico-chemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S4-S17.
  • Bulut, G., Col, M., Derebasi, E., Erturk, O., Guney, F., & Yasar, N. (2014). Physicochemical and Residue Analysis of Honey from Black Sea Regıon of Turkey.
  • Castle, L., Philo, M., Sharman, M. (2004). The analysis of honey samples for residues of nitrobenzene and petroleum from the possible use of Frow mixture in hives. Food Chemistry, 84, 643-649.
  • Çakar, E., & Gürel, F. (2019). Süzme ve petekli balların pestisit, naftalin ve antibiyotik kalıntıları bakımından karşılaştırılması. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 32(3), 453-459.
  • Dobrinas, S., Birghila, S., & Coatu, V. (2008). Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in honey and propolis produced from various flowering trees and plants in Romania. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 21(1), 71-77.
  • Fazaieli, F., Afshar Mogaddam, M. R., Farajzadeh, M. A., Feriduni, B., & Mohebbi, A. (2020). Development of organic solvents‐free mode of solidification of floating organic droplet–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from honey samples before their determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Separation Science, 43(12), 2393-2400.
  • Gölge, Ö., Hepsağ, F., Kılınççeker, O. (2017). Determination of naphthalene levels of honey in eastern mediterranean region. Adyütayam 5(2), 14-23.
  • Harizanis, P. C., Alissandrakis, E., Tarantilis, P. A., & Polissiou, M. (2008). Solid-phase microextraction/ gas-chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of p-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene in honey. Food Additives and Contaminants, 25(10), 1272-1277.
  • Iwegbue, C. M., Tesi, G. O., Obi, G., Obi-Iyeke, G. E., Igbuku, U. A., & Martincigh, B. S. (2016). Concentrations, health risks and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Nigerian honey. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 8, 28-42.
  • İzol, E. (2023a). “Phytochemicals in Honey and Health Effects”, In Honeybees, Plants and Health, ed. Koçyiğit
  • M., İzol E., Haspolat Y.K., Orient Publications, 85-96. ISBN: 978-625-6598-03-4.
  • İzol, E. (2023b). “The Place of Bee Products in Functional Medicine”, In Functional Medicine Part 2, ed.
  • Haspolat Y.K., Atlı A., Aşır F., Orient Publications, 11-16. ISBN: 978-625-6893-11-5.
  • İzol, E. (2023c). Bazı Arı Ürünlerinin (Bal, Polen, Propolis, Arı Sütü ve Arı Ekmeği) LC-MS/MS ile Sekonder Metabolitlerinin ve Biyolojik Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • İzol, E., Kaya, E., &Karahan, D. (2021). “Investigation of Some Metals in Honey Samples Produced in Different Regions of Bingöl Province by ICP-MS. Mellifera 21(1), 1–17.
  • İzol, E., Gülçin, İ., Yılmaz, M.A. (2023). “Health Effects of Honey and Honey Sherbet with Spiritual and Scientific Sources”, In Functional Foods, ed. Haspolat Y.K., Kavak V., Asena M., Orient Publications, 89-95. ISBN: 978-625-6893-99-3.
  • Karacaoğlu, M., Uçak Koç, A., Çerçi, A. (2012). Assessment of naphthalene residues in beeswax foundations stored in windscreen cabinets. Asian Journal of Animal Science, 6(1),42-46.
  • Karakaş, G. (2022). Pestisit Kullanımının Bal Verimi Üzerine Etkisi; Panel Veri Analizi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(5), 1163-1167.
  • Koltsakidou, A., Zacharis, C. K., Fytianos, K. (2015). A validated liquid chromatographic method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in honey after homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction using hydrophilic acetonitrile and sodium chloride as mass separating agent. Journal of Chromatography A, 1377, 46-54.
  • Moliner-Martinez, Y., Herráez-Hernández, R., Verdú-Andrés, J., Molins-Legua, C., & Campíns-Falcó, P. (2015). Recent advances of in-tube solid-phase microextraction. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 71, 205-213.
  • Moniruzzaman, M., Rodríguez, I., Rodríguez-Cabo, T., Cela, R., Sulaiman, S. A., & Gan, S. H. (2014). Assessment of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction conditions for gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification of organic compounds in honey. Journal of Chromatography A, 1368, 26-36.
  • Muku, C., Güçlü, G., & Selli, S. (2019). Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi Ballarının Pestisit ve Naftalin Kalıntılarının LC/MS/MS ve HS-SPME GC/MS Teknikleriyle Belirlenmesi. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 34(2), 142-148.
  • NRC (National Research Council). (2009). Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.17226/12209.
  • NTP. (2016). Naphthalene. Report on Carcinogens. 14 th ed. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program, https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/ roc/content/profiles/naphthalene.pdf [accessed 26 June 2021].
  • Queiroz, M. E. C., de Souza, I. D., & Marchioni, C. (2019). Current advances and applications of in-tube solid-phase microextraction. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 111, 261-278.
  • Poster, D. L., Schantz, M. M., Sander, L. C., & Wise, S. A. (2006). Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples: a critical review of gas chromatographic (GC) methods. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 386, 859-881.
  • Russo, M. V., Avino, P., & Notardonato, I. (2017). PAH residues in honey by ultrasound-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction followed by GC-FID/IT-MS. Food Analytical Methods, 10, 2132-2142.
  • Saitta, M., Di Bella, G., Fede, M. R., Lo Turco, V., Potortì, A. G., Rando, R., ... & Dugo, G. (2017). Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multi-residual analysis of contaminants in Italian honey samples. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(5), 800-808.
  • Santos, P. M., del Nogal Sánchez, M., Pavón, J. L. P., & Cordero, B. M. (2019). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human biological samples: A critical review. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 113, 194-209.
  • Seidi, S., Abolhasani, H., Razeghi, Y., Shanehsaz, M., & Manouchehri, M. (2020). Electrochemically deposition of ionic liquid modified graphene oxide for circulated headspace in-tube solid phase microextraction of naphthalene from honey samples followed by online liquid chromatography analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 1628, 461486.
  • Soria, A. C., Martínez‐Castro, I., & Sanz, J. (2003). Analysis of volatile composition of honey by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Journal of Separation Science, 26(9‐10), 793-801.
  • Şireli, U.T. Ülker, H. (2013). Süzme ballarda GCMS metodu ile naftalin kalıntısının incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri, BAP No: 12H3338002 p:22.
  • Tananaki, C., Zotou, A., & Thrasyvoulou, A. (2005). Determination of 1, 2-dibromoethane, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues in honey by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using purge and trap thermal desorption extraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 1083(1-2), 146-152.
  • Topdemir, A., Okutan, T., Kırmızıkaya, G., Yılmaz, P. D. Ö. (2024). Naftalin Asetik Asit, 6-Benzilaminopürin ve İndol-3-Bütirik Asit Kombinasyonlarının Actinidia deliciosa Kallus Gelişimi Üzerine Biyokimyasal Bir Araştırma. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(2), 249-260.
  • Tosunoğlu, H. (2016). Bursa ilinde satışa sunulmuş balların naftalin kalıntısı yönünden incelenmesi. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 15(2), 41-46.
  • Tsimeli, K., Triantis, T. M., Dimotikali, D., & Hiskia, A. (2008). Development of a rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of 1, 2-dibromoethane, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues in honey using HS-SPME coupled with GC–MS. Analytica chimica acta, 617(1-2), 64-71.
  • Turhan, M., İzol, E. (2023). “Healing Honey and Harmful Pesticides”, In 2.International Selçuk Scientific Researches Congress Book p:321-328, October 21-22, Konya, Türkiye.
  • U.S. EPA. (2021). Health and Environmental Research Online (HERO) Database for Naphthalene. https://hero.epa.gov/hero/index.cfm/ project/page/project_id/3064 [accessed 15 March 2021].
  • Wang, X., Li, X., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Bai, Y., & Liu, H. (2014). Online coupling of in-tube solid-phase microextraction with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for rapid determination of triazine herbicides in water using carbon-nanotubes-incorporated polymer monolith. Analytical chemistry, 86(10), 4739-4747.
  • Wang, W., Zhang, S., Li, Z., Li, J., Yang, X., Wang, C., & Wang, Z. (2020). Construction of covalent triazine-based frameworks and application to solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from honey samples. Food chemistry, 322, 126770.
  • Yapıcı, İ., İzol, E., Tarhan, A. (2023). “Significant Bioactive Components in Bee Products”, In Bee and Bee Products, ed. İzol E., Koçyiğit M., Haspolat Y.K., Orient Publications, 1-15.
  • Yost, E. E., Galizia, A., Kapraun, D. F., Persad, A. S., Vulimiri, S. V., Angrish, M., ... & Druwe, I. L. (2021). Health effects of naphthalene exposure: a systematic evidence map and analysis of potential considerations for dose–response evaluation. Environmental health perspectives, 129(7), 076002.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gıda Özellikleri
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Ebubekir İzol 0000-0003-0788-4999

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA İzol, E. (2024). Determination of Naphthalene Concentration in Honey a New Method using HS-GC/MS (Headspace-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(5), 1095-1104. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1427402
 Kapak Resmi İndir

21082



2022-JIF = 0.500

2022-JCI = 0.170

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International Peer Reviewed Journal)

       Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)

      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


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