Öz
To reduce the impact of rapid temperature changes during transportation on cut flowers, continuous cooling should be provided throughout the process. The frigid transportation conditions required to transport cut flowers from their production facilities to the point where they will be marketed are quite expensive. Preliminary applications that can significantly reduce this cost should be made. One of these applications is the use of symbiotic psychrotolerant bacteria, which thrive at low temperatures, to improve the transportation and shelf life of cut flowers. Cut roses are commercially transported and stored at +2-4°C. In this study, the application of psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from plants aims to investigate their effects on the transportation and vase life of cut roses under unfavorable transport temperature conditions (+10 °C), aiming to minimize potential quality losses. For this objective, 18 bacterial strains were isolated from the leaf apoplasts of cold-resistant wild plants. These strains, which exhibit cold tolerance and the ability to block ethylene synthesis in plants, were used both separately and in combination. Bacterial solutions were applied to cut rose leaves (Rosa hybrida L. cv. Samourai), and all treatment groups were kept in controlled conditions at +10°C for 9 days. Control 1 and Control 2 were treatments in which only pure water was sprayed on the green leaves of cut roses at temperatures of +2 oC and +10 oC, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the cut roses were evaluated according to vase life, fresh weight, visual quality, and cold damage (CD). The longest vase life was determined in D3 (DT-10 isolate-Bacillus cereus), D4 (DT-11 isolate- Bacillus cereus), M1 (DT-17 isolate-P. proteolytica) and K1+B8 (Bacillus cereus + S. kitahiroshimense) applications. These applications, which have obtained the highest vase lifetimes, and B5, B8, D1, D2, K3, Ç1, Ç2, M2, and D1 + Ç1 applications were in the same statistical group. The D3, D4, M1, and K1+B8 treatments increased the vase life of cut roses by 55.55% compared to Control 2. Control 1 and D1+Ç1 treatments showed the highest relative fresh weight increase in 66.06% and 64.28%, respectively. Among the groups, the D2 (DT-6 isolate-Bacillus cereus) had the greatest visual quality score. The lowest CD% was observed in the application involving the D2 isolate, correlating with the highest visual quality determined under the same D2 application. The study revealed that postharvest application of Bacillus cereus isolates (especially DT-6 and DT-10) to cut roses increased their vase life.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Apoplast psychrophile bactria vase life cut flower transport
Etik Beyan
The authors extend their appreciation to the Ataturk University Scientific Research Unity, Turkey for funding this research work through the project number FHD-2022-10888
Destekleyen Kurum
Ataturk University
Proje Numarası
FHD-2022-10888
Teşekkür
The authors extend their appreciation to the Ataturk University Scientific Research Unity, Turkey for funding this research work through the project number FHD-2022-10888
Kaynakça
- Ait Barka, E., Nowak, J. & Clément, C. (2006). Enhancement of chilling resistance of inoculated grapevine plantlets with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN. Applied and environmental microbiology, 72(11), 7246-7252.
- Alaey, M., Babalar, M., Naderi, R. & Kafi, M., (2011). Effect of pre-and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on physio-chemical attributes in relation to vase-life of rose cut flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 61, 91–94.
- Anonymous (2022). SAMOURAÏ® Meikatana, Characteristics. https://meilland.com/en/catalogue/samourai-meikatana/ (Acces date: 07.08.2022)
- Arda, M. (2000). Temel Mikrobiyoloji. Medisan Yayın Serisi no:46, ANKARA.
- Atici, Ö. & Nalbantoglu, B. (1999). Effect of apoplastic proteins on freezing tolerance in leaves. Phytochemistry, 50, 755-761.
- Balcázar, W., Rondón, J., Rengifo, M., Ball, M.M., Melfo, A., Gómez, W. & Yarzábal, L.A. (2015). Bioprospecting glacial ice for plant growth promoting bacteria. Microbiol. Res. 177, 1–7.
- Barlas, S., Kart, M. Ç. Ö., Kınıklı, F. & Işın, S. (2019). Factors affecting the production decisions of cut flowers producers in Menderes region of Izmir province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi/Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 50(3), 231-238.
- Campos, P., Quartin, V., Ramalho, J.C. & Nunes, M.A., (2003). Electrolyte leakage and lipid degradation account for cold sensitivity in leaves of Coffea sp. plants. J. Plant Physiolol., 160, 283-292.
- Carlson, A. S., Dole, J. M., Matthysse, A. G., Hoffmann, W. A. & Kornegay, J. L. (2015). Bacteria species and solution pH effect postharvest quality of cut Zinnia elegans. Sci. Hortic. 194, 71–78. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.07.044
- Çelikel, F. G. (2020). Postharvest Quality and Technology of Cut Flowers and Ornamental Plants. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 3(3), 225-232.
- Da Silva, J. T. (2003). The cut flower: postharvest considerations. J. Biol. Sci, 3(4), 406-442.
- Graumann, P., Schroder, K., Schmid, K. & Marahiel, M.A. (1996). Cold Shock stres induced proteins in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 178, 4611-4619.
- Griffith, M., Ala, P., Yang, D. S., Hon, W. C. & Moffatt, B. A. (1992). Antifreeze protein produced endogenously in winter rye leaves. Plant Physiology, 100(2), 593-596.
- He, S., Joyce, D. C., Irving, D. E. & Faragher, J. D. (2006). Stem end blockage in cut Grevillea ‘Crimson Yul-lo’inflorescences. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 41(1), 78-84.
- Ichimura, K., Kawabata, Y., Kishimoto, M., Goto R. & Yamada, K., (2002). Variation with the cultivar in the vase life of cut rose flowers. Bulletin of the National Institute of Floricultural Science, 2, 9-20.
- Ichimura, K., Kojima, K. & Goto, R., (1999). Effects of Temperature, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate and sucrose on the vase life of cut rose flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15: 33–40.
- Jacob, B. M. & Kim, E. (2010). Inhibiting biofilm formation of Enterobacter sp. prevented premature withering in cut flowers. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 27, 1252–1257. doi: 10.1007/s11814-010-0196-5
- Jahnke, N. J., Dole, J. M., Bergmann, B. A., Ma, G. & Perkins-Veazie, P. (2020). Extending cut Paeonia lactiflora pall. Storage duration using sub-zero storage temperatures. Agronomy, 10(11), 1694.
- Jahnke, N. J., Kalinowski, J. & Dole, J. M. (2022). Postharvest Handling Techniques for Long-term Storage of Cut Tulip and Dutch Iris. Horttechnology, 32(3), 263-274.
- Jha, P. K., Xanthakis, E., Chevallier, S., Jury, V. & Le-Bail, A. (2019). Assessment of freeze damage in fruits and vegetables. Food Research International, 121, 479-496.
- Kazaz, S. (2015). Kesme Çiçeklerde Hasat Sonrası Ömrü Etkileyen Faktörler. Türkiye Tohumcular Birliği Dergisi, 4 (14): 42-45, Nisan-Haziran 2015.
- Lü, P., He, S., Li, H., Cao, J. & Xu, H. L. (2010). Effects of nano-silver treatment on vase life of cut rose cv. Movie Star flowers. J. Food Agric. Environ, 8(2), 1118-1122.
- Naing, A. H., Win, N. M., Han, J. S., Lim, K. B. & Kim, C. K. (2017). Role of nano-silver and the bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae in increasing vase life of cut carnation ‘Omea’. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1590.
- Onozaki, T., Ikeda, H. & Yamaguchi, T. (2001). Genetic improvement of vase life of carnation flowers by crossing and selection. Scientia Horticulturae, 87(1-2), 107-120.
- Rondón, J.J., Ball, M.M., Castro, L.T. & Yarzábal, L.A. (2019). Eurypsychrophilic Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Venezuelan tropical glaciers as promoters of wheat growth and biocontrol agents of plant pathogens at low-temperatures. Environ. Sustain., 2, 265–275.
- Selvakumar, G., Kundu, S., Piyush, J., Sehar, N., Gupta, A.D., Mishra, P.K. & Gupta, H.S., (2008). Characterization of a cold tolerant plant growth promoting bacterium Pantoea dispersa 1A, isolated from a subalpine soil in the North WesternIndian Himalaya. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24,955–960.
- Sönmez, F. (2012). Cut Flower Sector Report. Eastern Black Sea Development Agency. (Kesme Çiçek Sektör Raporu. Doğu Karadeniz Kalkınma Ajansı).
- Taşgın, E., Atící, Ö. & Nalbantoğlu, B. (2003). Effects of salicylic acid and cold on freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves. Plant Growth Regulation, 41, 231-236.
- Tiryaki, D. (2015). The effects of bacterıa ısolated from the leaf apoplast of cold-resıstant plants on the cold stress tolerance of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Atatürk University Institute of Science Department of Biology Department of Botany, Ph.D. Thesis, 167 p.
- Tiryaki, D., Aydın, İ. & Atıcı, Ö. (2019). Psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from the leaf apoplast of cold-adapted wild plants improve the cold resistance of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under low temperature. Cryobiology, 86, 111-119.
- Tuna, S. (2012). Kesme gül ve gerbera çiçeklerinin vazo ömrünü artırmak için bazı uçucu yağlar ve ana bileşenlerinin kullanım olanakları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.
- Turan, M., Güllüce, M., Çakmak, R. & Şahin, F. (2013). Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strain on freezing injury and antioxidant enzyme activity of wheat and barley. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36(5), 731-748.
- Ueyama, S. & Ichimura, K. (1998). Effects of 2-hydroxy-3-ionene chloride polymer on the vase life of cut rose flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 14(1), 65-70.
- Ünsal, H.T. (2022). Effect of postharvest pre-treatments on flower quality and vase life of cut rose (Rosa hybrida L.) flowers. Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture, M.Sc. Thesis, 59 p.
- van Doorn, W. G., Zagory, D., de Witte, Y. & Harkema, H. (1991). Effects of vase-water bacteria on the senescence of cut carnation flowers. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 1, 161–168. doi: 10.1016/0925-5214(91)90008-Y
- Yadav, A.N., Sachan, S.G., Verma, P., Kaushik, R. & Saxena, A.K. (2016). Cold active hydrolytic enzymes production by psychrotrophic bacilli isolated from three sub-glacial lakes of NW Indian Himalayas. J. Basic Microbiol., 56, 294–307.
Öz
Kesme çiçeklerin, taşıma sırasındaki ani sıcaklık değişimlerinden daha az etkilenmeleri için taşıma sürecinde kesintisiz soğutma yapılması gerekmektedir. Kesme çiçeklerin üretim yerlerinden pazarlanacakları noktaya taşınmasında gerekli olan soğuk taşıma koşulları çok maliyetli olmaktadır. Bu maliyetin azaltılmasında etkili olabilecek ön uygulamalar yapılmalıdır. Bu uygulamalardan biri düşük sıcaklıklarda yaşayabilen psikrotolerant bakterilerin kesme çiçeklerin taşınması ve sonrasında raf ömrünün uzatılmasında uygulanabilmesidir. Kesme güller ticari olarak +2-4oC’de taşınmakta veya depolanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bitkilerden izole edilen psikrotolerant bakterilerin uygulanmasının, kesme güllerin uygun olmayan taşıma sıcaklığı koşullarında (+10 °C) taşınması ve vazo ömrü üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak ve olası kalite kayıplarını minimuma indirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için soğuğa dayanıklı yabani bitkilerin yaprak apoplastından izole edilen, soğuğa tolerans gösteren ve etilen sentezini inhibe etme yeteneği gösteren 18 bakteri suşu hem ayrı ayrı hem de kombinasyon halinde hazırlanmıştır. Daha sonra kesilmiş kesme güllerin (Rosa hybrida L. cv. Samourai) yapraklarına bakteriyel solüsyonlar uygulandı ve tüm uygulama grupları 9 gün boyunca +10°C'de kontrollü koşullar altında tutulmuştur. Kesme güllerin yeşil yapraklarına sadece saf su püskürtülen kontrol grubu uygulamalar olan Kontrol 1 Kontrol 2 uygulaması, sırası ile +2 oC ve +10 oC sıcaklık koşullarında bekletilmişlerdir. Deneme sonunda, kesme güller vazo ömrü, taze ağırlık, görsel kalite ve soğuk hasarına (CD) göre değerlendirildi. En uzun vazo ömrü D3 (DT-10 izolatı- Bacillus cereus), D4 (DT-11 izolatı- Bacillus cereus), M1 (DT-17 izolatı- P. proteolytica) ve K1+B8 (Bacillus cereus + S. kitahiroshimense) uygulamalarında belirlendi. En yüksek vazo ömrü elde edilen bu uygulamalar ile B5, B8, D1, D2, K3, Ç1, Ç2, M2 ve D1+Ç1 (karışık) uygulamaları aynı istatistiksel grupta yer almıştır. D3, D4, M1 ve K1+B8 uygulamaları Kontrol 2 ile karşılaştırıldığında kesme güllerin vazo ömrünü %55,55 oranında arttırmıştır. En yüksek bağıl taze ağırlık artışı Kontrol 1 (%66,06) ve D1+Ç1 (%64,28) uygulamalarında tespit edildi. Gruplar arasında en yüksek görsel kalite puanını bakteriyel uygulama D2 (DT-6 isolate- Bacillus cereus) almıştır. En düşük CD% değeri D2 bakteri izolatının kullanıldığı uygulamada belirlenmiştir. En iyi görsel kalite puanı da minimum CD%'nin gözlemlendiği D2 uygulamasında saptanmıştır. Çalışmada, kesme güllere hasat sonrası Bacillus cereus izolatları (özellikle DT-6 ve DT-10) uygulanmasının, vazo ömrünü artırdığı ortaya koyulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Apoplast psikrofil bakteri vazo ömrü kesme çiçek süs bitkileri
Etik Beyan
The authors extend their appreciation to the Ataturk University Scientific Research Unity, Turkey for funding this research work through the project number FHD-2022-10888.
Destekleyen Kurum
Ataturk University
Proje Numarası
FHD-2022-10888
Teşekkür
The authors extend their appreciation to the Ataturk University Scientific Research Unity, Turkey for funding this research work through the project number FHD-2022-10888.
Kaynakça
- Ait Barka, E., Nowak, J. & Clément, C. (2006). Enhancement of chilling resistance of inoculated grapevine plantlets with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN. Applied and environmental microbiology, 72(11), 7246-7252.
- Alaey, M., Babalar, M., Naderi, R. & Kafi, M., (2011). Effect of pre-and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on physio-chemical attributes in relation to vase-life of rose cut flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 61, 91–94.
- Anonymous (2022). SAMOURAÏ® Meikatana, Characteristics. https://meilland.com/en/catalogue/samourai-meikatana/ (Acces date: 07.08.2022)
- Arda, M. (2000). Temel Mikrobiyoloji. Medisan Yayın Serisi no:46, ANKARA.
- Atici, Ö. & Nalbantoglu, B. (1999). Effect of apoplastic proteins on freezing tolerance in leaves. Phytochemistry, 50, 755-761.
- Balcázar, W., Rondón, J., Rengifo, M., Ball, M.M., Melfo, A., Gómez, W. & Yarzábal, L.A. (2015). Bioprospecting glacial ice for plant growth promoting bacteria. Microbiol. Res. 177, 1–7.
- Barlas, S., Kart, M. Ç. Ö., Kınıklı, F. & Işın, S. (2019). Factors affecting the production decisions of cut flowers producers in Menderes region of Izmir province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi/Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 50(3), 231-238.
- Campos, P., Quartin, V., Ramalho, J.C. & Nunes, M.A., (2003). Electrolyte leakage and lipid degradation account for cold sensitivity in leaves of Coffea sp. plants. J. Plant Physiolol., 160, 283-292.
- Carlson, A. S., Dole, J. M., Matthysse, A. G., Hoffmann, W. A. & Kornegay, J. L. (2015). Bacteria species and solution pH effect postharvest quality of cut Zinnia elegans. Sci. Hortic. 194, 71–78. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.07.044
- Çelikel, F. G. (2020). Postharvest Quality and Technology of Cut Flowers and Ornamental Plants. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 3(3), 225-232.
- Da Silva, J. T. (2003). The cut flower: postharvest considerations. J. Biol. Sci, 3(4), 406-442.
- Graumann, P., Schroder, K., Schmid, K. & Marahiel, M.A. (1996). Cold Shock stres induced proteins in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 178, 4611-4619.
- Griffith, M., Ala, P., Yang, D. S., Hon, W. C. & Moffatt, B. A. (1992). Antifreeze protein produced endogenously in winter rye leaves. Plant Physiology, 100(2), 593-596.
- He, S., Joyce, D. C., Irving, D. E. & Faragher, J. D. (2006). Stem end blockage in cut Grevillea ‘Crimson Yul-lo’inflorescences. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 41(1), 78-84.
- Ichimura, K., Kawabata, Y., Kishimoto, M., Goto R. & Yamada, K., (2002). Variation with the cultivar in the vase life of cut rose flowers. Bulletin of the National Institute of Floricultural Science, 2, 9-20.
- Ichimura, K., Kojima, K. & Goto, R., (1999). Effects of Temperature, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate and sucrose on the vase life of cut rose flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15: 33–40.
- Jacob, B. M. & Kim, E. (2010). Inhibiting biofilm formation of Enterobacter sp. prevented premature withering in cut flowers. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 27, 1252–1257. doi: 10.1007/s11814-010-0196-5
- Jahnke, N. J., Dole, J. M., Bergmann, B. A., Ma, G. & Perkins-Veazie, P. (2020). Extending cut Paeonia lactiflora pall. Storage duration using sub-zero storage temperatures. Agronomy, 10(11), 1694.
- Jahnke, N. J., Kalinowski, J. & Dole, J. M. (2022). Postharvest Handling Techniques for Long-term Storage of Cut Tulip and Dutch Iris. Horttechnology, 32(3), 263-274.
- Jha, P. K., Xanthakis, E., Chevallier, S., Jury, V. & Le-Bail, A. (2019). Assessment of freeze damage in fruits and vegetables. Food Research International, 121, 479-496.
- Kazaz, S. (2015). Kesme Çiçeklerde Hasat Sonrası Ömrü Etkileyen Faktörler. Türkiye Tohumcular Birliği Dergisi, 4 (14): 42-45, Nisan-Haziran 2015.
- Lü, P., He, S., Li, H., Cao, J. & Xu, H. L. (2010). Effects of nano-silver treatment on vase life of cut rose cv. Movie Star flowers. J. Food Agric. Environ, 8(2), 1118-1122.
- Naing, A. H., Win, N. M., Han, J. S., Lim, K. B. & Kim, C. K. (2017). Role of nano-silver and the bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae in increasing vase life of cut carnation ‘Omea’. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1590.
- Onozaki, T., Ikeda, H. & Yamaguchi, T. (2001). Genetic improvement of vase life of carnation flowers by crossing and selection. Scientia Horticulturae, 87(1-2), 107-120.
- Rondón, J.J., Ball, M.M., Castro, L.T. & Yarzábal, L.A. (2019). Eurypsychrophilic Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Venezuelan tropical glaciers as promoters of wheat growth and biocontrol agents of plant pathogens at low-temperatures. Environ. Sustain., 2, 265–275.
- Selvakumar, G., Kundu, S., Piyush, J., Sehar, N., Gupta, A.D., Mishra, P.K. & Gupta, H.S., (2008). Characterization of a cold tolerant plant growth promoting bacterium Pantoea dispersa 1A, isolated from a subalpine soil in the North WesternIndian Himalaya. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24,955–960.
- Sönmez, F. (2012). Cut Flower Sector Report. Eastern Black Sea Development Agency. (Kesme Çiçek Sektör Raporu. Doğu Karadeniz Kalkınma Ajansı).
- Taşgın, E., Atící, Ö. & Nalbantoğlu, B. (2003). Effects of salicylic acid and cold on freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves. Plant Growth Regulation, 41, 231-236.
- Tiryaki, D. (2015). The effects of bacterıa ısolated from the leaf apoplast of cold-resıstant plants on the cold stress tolerance of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Atatürk University Institute of Science Department of Biology Department of Botany, Ph.D. Thesis, 167 p.
- Tiryaki, D., Aydın, İ. & Atıcı, Ö. (2019). Psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from the leaf apoplast of cold-adapted wild plants improve the cold resistance of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under low temperature. Cryobiology, 86, 111-119.
- Tuna, S. (2012). Kesme gül ve gerbera çiçeklerinin vazo ömrünü artırmak için bazı uçucu yağlar ve ana bileşenlerinin kullanım olanakları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.
- Turan, M., Güllüce, M., Çakmak, R. & Şahin, F. (2013). Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strain on freezing injury and antioxidant enzyme activity of wheat and barley. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36(5), 731-748.
- Ueyama, S. & Ichimura, K. (1998). Effects of 2-hydroxy-3-ionene chloride polymer on the vase life of cut rose flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 14(1), 65-70.
- Ünsal, H.T. (2022). Effect of postharvest pre-treatments on flower quality and vase life of cut rose (Rosa hybrida L.) flowers. Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture, M.Sc. Thesis, 59 p.
- van Doorn, W. G., Zagory, D., de Witte, Y. & Harkema, H. (1991). Effects of vase-water bacteria on the senescence of cut carnation flowers. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 1, 161–168. doi: 10.1016/0925-5214(91)90008-Y
- Yadav, A.N., Sachan, S.G., Verma, P., Kaushik, R. & Saxena, A.K. (2016). Cold active hydrolytic enzymes production by psychrotrophic bacilli isolated from three sub-glacial lakes of NW Indian Himalayas. J. Basic Microbiol., 56, 294–307.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hasat Sonrası Bahçecilik Teknolojileri (Taşımacılık ve Depolama dahil), Bahçe Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | FHD-2022-10888 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 19 Aralık 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 12 Şubat 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 26 Eylül 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024Cilt: 27 Sayı: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2) |
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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