Determination and Comparison of Macro, Trace and Toxic Element Content of Some Roughages by ICP OES Technique

Mehmet Düzgün; Şerif Kahraman

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1544769

Araştırma Makalesi

Bazı Kaba Yemlerin Makro, İz ve Toksik Element İçeriklerinin ICP OES Tekniği Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi ve Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 580 - 592, 27.03.2025

Mehmet Düzgün , Şerif Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1544769

Öz

Ruminant hayvanların beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olan kaba yemlerde mineral ve toksik elementlerin miktarının belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, 14 kaba yemin makro (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P), iz (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Sn, V, Si, Se, Sr, Sb ve B) ve toksik element (Al, As, Be, Cd, Pb) miktarları İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma Optik Emisyon Spektrometresi (ICP OES) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Yöntemin doğruluğu CRM (NCS DC 73350, kavak yaprakları) ile teyit edilmiştir. Örnekler mikrodalga yaş yakma yöntemine göre çözündürülmüştür. Analiz sonuçları çerçevesinde 14 kaba yemin makro, iz ve toksik element içerikleri karşılaştırılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi (HCA) ile gruplar dendogram olarak gösterilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, tane mısır yaprağı, sorgum yaprağı ve mercimek samanında sırasıyla 0,181±0,12, 0,45+0,07, 0,40+0,13 mg kg-1 Pb tespit edilirken, toksik elementler (As, Be, Cd, Co ve Sb) hiçbir örnekte tespit edilmemiştir. Öte yandan, Sn sadece yem bezelyesi sapında (0.01+0.005 mg kg-1) ve Si sadece nohut samanında (1015+140 mg kg-1) tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada farklı kaba yemlerin değişen oranlarda makro ve eser element ihtiva ettiği ve bu kaba yemlerin içerdikleri bu element oranlarına göre rasyonlara dahil edilebileceği önerisi yapılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Makro elementler, İz elementler, Toksik elementler, Kaba yemler, ICP OES

Kaynakça

Aksoy, A., Macit, M., & Karaoğlu, M. (2000). Hayvan besleme, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Ofset Tesisi, Erzurum, 179-199.
Ahmadi, A., & Ziarati, P. (2015). Chemical composition profile of canned and fozen sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in Iran. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 31(2), 1065–1070. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/310256
Bakken, N. A., & Hunt, C. D. (2003). Dietary boron decreases peak pancreatic in Situ insulin release in chicks and plasma insulin concentrations in rats regardless of vitamin D or magnesium status. Journal of Nutrition, 133(11), 3577–3583. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3577
Baloda, S., Sihag, S., Promila, S., & Yadav, K.K. (2018). Mineral Composition of Green and Dry Roughagein Gurgaon District of Haryana, India, Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(4), 1411-1416. https://doi.org/ 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.159
Bozkurt, Z., Görgülü, M., & Çelik, L. (2007). Kekik (Oregano vulgare) ve çörekotu (Nigella sativa) esansiyel yağı ile propolisin buğday samanının in vitro gerçek kuru madde, organik madde ve NDF sindirilebilirliğine etkileri. IV. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, 24 – 28 Haziran 2007, Uludağ, Bursa, Tam Metinler Kitabı, 94-97.
Carroll, J.A., & Forsberg, N.E. (2007). Influence of stress and nutrition on cattle immunity. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 23(1), 105-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.01.003
Çimrin, T., & Demirel, M. (2012). Kanatlı karma yemlerinde bor elementlerinin kullanımı. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17 (1), 46-56. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ yyufbed/issue/21966/235853
Demir, B. S. (2005). Borun insan ve bitki için önemi ve bazı üzüm çeşitlerinde bor tayini (Tez No: 198126). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı] Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
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Emmanuel, S.A., Mika, S.R., Alabi, F.M., Olajide, O.O., Sallau, A.A., Adedirin, O., Fadeyi, A.E., Akiode, S.O., Uzama, D., & Orishabide, A.T. (2022). Nutritional analysis of sweet sorghum stalk as main excipient of compounded dairy and beef cattle feed, Natural Products Chemistry & Research, 10 (1), 1-4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358721955
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Eren, M., Uyanik, F., & Kucukersan, S. (2004). The influence of dietary boron supplementation on egg quality and serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in laying hens. Research in Veterinary Science, 76 (3), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.11.004
Ergül, M. (1993). Yemler bilgisi ve teknolojisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 487,
Gökkuş, A., Parlak, A. Z., Baytekin, H., & Hakyemez, B. H. (2013). Akdeniz kuşağı çalılı meralarında otsu türlerin mineral içeriklerinin değişimi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 1-10, https://dergipark.org.tr/ tr/pub/jotaf/issue/19037/201336
Gülümser, E., Mut, H., Doğrusöz, M. Ç., & Başaran, U. (2017). Baklagil yem bitkisi tahıl karışımların ot kalitesi üzerinde ekim oranlarının etkisi. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(3), 43-51. https://doi.org/ 10.15316/SJAFS.2017.33
Gürsoy, E., & Maci̇t, M. (2017). Determination of mineral contents of some legume and cereal forages grown as naturally in pastures of Erzurum Province. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 32(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.279756
Haddad, C.M., & Alves, F.V. (2006). Minerais para gado de corte. In: Bittar C,Moura JC, Faria VP, Mattos WRS, editores. Minerais e Aditivos Para Bovinos. Piracicaba: Fundação de Estudos Agrários Luiz de Queiroz – FEALQ, 63-76.
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Juniper, D.T., Phipps, R.H., Ramos-Morales, E., & Bertin, G. (2009). Effects of dietary supplementation with selenium enriched yeast or sodium selenite on seleniım tissue distribution and meat quality in lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 149(3-4), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.06.009
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Kowalska, G., Pankiewicz, U., & Kowalski, R. (2020b). Determination of the level of selected elements in canned meat and fish and risk assessment for consumer health. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2148794
Kurtoglu, V., Kurtoglu, F., & Coskun, B. (2001). Effects of boron supplementation of adequate and inadequate vitamin D-3-containing diet on performance and serum biochemical characters of broiler chickens. Research in Veterinary Science, 71 (3), 183-187. https://doi.org/10.1053/rvsc.2001.0517
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Determination and Comparison of Macro, Trace and Toxic Element Content of Some Roughages by ICP OES Technique

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 580 - 592, 27.03.2025

Mehmet Düzgün , Şerif Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1544769

Öz

It is critical to determine the amount of mineral and toxic elements in roughages, which play an important role in animal nutrition. In this study, macro (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P), trace (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Sn, V, Si, Se, Sr, Sb, B), and toxic element (Al, As, Be, Cd, Pb) analysis of 14 roughages were determined by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optik Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) method. CRM (NCS DC 73350, poplar leaves) confirmed the accuracy of the method. The samples were solubilized according to the microwave wet digestion method. The macro, trace and toxic element contents of 14 roughages were compared and evaluated according to the results of the analyses. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) displayed the groups as dendrograms. Toxic elements like As, Be, Cd, Co, and Sb were not found in any of the samples. The only one that was found was Pb, which was 0.181±0.12, 0.45+0.07, and 0.40+0.13 mg kg-1 in grain corn leaf, sorghum leaf, and lentil straw, in that order. On the other hand, Sn was found as 0.01+0.005 mg kg-1 only in fodder pea stalk and Si was identified as 1015+140 mg kg-1 only in chickpea straw. In the study, it can be suggested that different roughages contain macro and trace elements at varying rates, and these roughages can be included in the rations according to these element ratios.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ICP OES, Makro elements, Trace elements, Toxic elements, Roughages

Kaynakça

Aksoy, A., Macit, M., & Karaoğlu, M. (2000). Hayvan besleme, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Ofset Tesisi, Erzurum, 179-199.
Ahmadi, A., & Ziarati, P. (2015). Chemical composition profile of canned and fozen sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in Iran. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 31(2), 1065–1070. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/310256
Bakken, N. A., & Hunt, C. D. (2003). Dietary boron decreases peak pancreatic in Situ insulin release in chicks and plasma insulin concentrations in rats regardless of vitamin D or magnesium status. Journal of Nutrition, 133(11), 3577–3583. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3577
Baloda, S., Sihag, S., Promila, S., & Yadav, K.K. (2018). Mineral Composition of Green and Dry Roughagein Gurgaon District of Haryana, India, Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(4), 1411-1416. https://doi.org/ 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.159
Bozkurt, Z., Görgülü, M., & Çelik, L. (2007). Kekik (Oregano vulgare) ve çörekotu (Nigella sativa) esansiyel yağı ile propolisin buğday samanının in vitro gerçek kuru madde, organik madde ve NDF sindirilebilirliğine etkileri. IV. Ulusal Hayvan Besleme Kongresi, 24 – 28 Haziran 2007, Uludağ, Bursa, Tam Metinler Kitabı, 94-97.
Carroll, J.A., & Forsberg, N.E. (2007). Influence of stress and nutrition on cattle immunity. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 23(1), 105-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.01.003
Çimrin, T., & Demirel, M. (2012). Kanatlı karma yemlerinde bor elementlerinin kullanımı. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17 (1), 46-56. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ yyufbed/issue/21966/235853
Demir, B. S. (2005). Borun insan ve bitki için önemi ve bazı üzüm çeşitlerinde bor tayini (Tez No: 198126). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı] Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
Eğritaş, Ö., & Aşci, Ö. Ö. (2015). Yaygın fiğ ‐ tahıl karışımlarının bazı mineral madde içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 4(1), 13-18, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/azd/issue/32193/358127
Emmanuel, S.A., Mika, S.R., Alabi, F.M., Olajide, O.O., Sallau, A.A., Adedirin, O., Fadeyi, A.E., Akiode, S.O., Uzama, D., & Orishabide, A.T. (2022). Nutritional analysis of sweet sorghum stalk as main excipient of compounded dairy and beef cattle feed, Natural Products Chemistry & Research, 10 (1), 1-4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358721955
Ensminger, M. E., Oldfield, J. E., & Heinemann, W.W. (1990). Feeds & Nutrition, second ed., The Ensminger Publishing Company, California, U.S.A., pp. 890.
Eren, M., Uyanik, F., & Kucukersan, S. (2004). The influence of dietary boron supplementation on egg quality and serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in laying hens. Research in Veterinary Science, 76 (3), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.11.004
Ergül, M. (1993). Yemler bilgisi ve teknolojisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 487,
Gökkuş, A., Parlak, A. Z., Baytekin, H., & Hakyemez, B. H. (2013). Akdeniz kuşağı çalılı meralarında otsu türlerin mineral içeriklerinin değişimi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 1-10, https://dergipark.org.tr/ tr/pub/jotaf/issue/19037/201336
Gülümser, E., Mut, H., Doğrusöz, M. Ç., & Başaran, U. (2017). Baklagil yem bitkisi tahıl karışımların ot kalitesi üzerinde ekim oranlarının etkisi. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(3), 43-51. https://doi.org/ 10.15316/SJAFS.2017.33
Gürsoy, E., & Maci̇t, M. (2017). Determination of mineral contents of some legume and cereal forages grown as naturally in pastures of Erzurum Province. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 32(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.279756
Haddad, C.M., & Alves, F.V. (2006). Minerais para gado de corte. In: Bittar C,Moura JC, Faria VP, Mattos WRS, editores. Minerais e Aditivos Para Bovinos. Piracicaba: Fundação de Estudos Agrários Luiz de Queiroz – FEALQ, 63-76.
Hunt, C. D. (2003). Dietary boron: An overview of the evidence for its role in immune function. The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine, 16(4), 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtra.10041
Juniper, D.T., Phipps, R.H., Ramos-Morales, E., & Bertin, G. (2009). Effects of dietary supplementation with selenium enriched yeast or sodium selenite on seleniım tissue distribution and meat quality in lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 149(3-4), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.06.009
Kaya, S., Bilgili, A., Doğan, A., Liman, B.C. (1990).Mezbahada kesilen sığırların et ve bazı organlarında arsenik kalıntıları, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 359-363. https://doi.org/10.1501/ Vetfak_0000001345
Kommisrud, E., Osteras, O., & Vatn, T. (2005). Blood selenium associated with health and fertility in Norwegian dairy herds. Acta Vet. Scand.46 (4), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-46-229
Kowalska, G., Pankiewicz, U., & Kowalski, R. (2020b). Determination of the level of selected elements in canned meat and fish and risk assessment for consumer health. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2148794
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Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Bitki Bilimi (Diğer), Hayvan Diyeti ve Beslenme, Çayır-Mera ve Yem Bitkileri
Bölüm	ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar	Mehmet Düzgün 0000-0003-4269-5544 Şerif Kahraman 0000-0003-1160-0792
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	20 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi	27 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi	6 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi	7 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Düzgün, M., & Kahraman, Ş. (2025). Determination and Comparison of Macro, Trace and Toxic Element Content of Some Roughages by ICP OES Technique. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(2), 580-592. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1544769