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Comet Analizi Kullanılarak Yüzey ve Musluk Sularının Olası Genotoksisitesinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 863 - 873

Derya Bostancı , Serdar Yedıer , Seda Kontaş Yalçınkaya

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1581657

Öz

Ordu İli (Türkiye) Cevizdere yüzey suyu ve Ünye İlçesi musluk suyundaki toplam ağır metal yüklerine kronik maruz kalmanın sazan (Cyprinus carpio) bireylerinin eritrosit hücrelerinde genetik toksik etkiye neden olabilme hipotezini test ettik. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yüzey ve musluk sularındaki toplam ağır metal(loid) içerikleri mevsimsel olarak belirlenmiştir. Hem Cevizdere yüzey suyunun hem de Ünye İlçesi musluk suyunun sazan balıklarının eritrosit hücrelerinde DNA hasarına neden olduğu ve bu hasarın kontrol gruplarıyla karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (P<0,05). Comet analizi sonucunda C. carpio'nun eritrosit hücrelerinde tespit edilen DNA hasarı, Cevizdere yüzey suyu ve Ünye İlçesi musluk suyunun genotoksik potansiyelinin varlığını göstermiştir. Ordu İli, Ünye İlçesi'nin içme suyunun ana kaynağı olan Cevizdere'nin yüzey sularının ve Ünye İlçesi musluk sularının genotoksisitesi Comet yöntemi kullanılarak ilk kez in vivo olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Cevizdere yüzey suyu ve Ünye İlçesi musluk suyunda toplam ağır metal(loid) kirliliğine bağlı olarak C. carpio'da genotoksik hasar olduğunu ortaya koyarak, genotoksisite ile ağır metal(loid)ler arasındaki ilişkinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DNA hasarı Comet Analizi Yüzey ve musluk suları Genotoksisite Metal(loid)ler

Proje Numarası

BAP; G-2004

Kaynakça

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Investigation of Possible Genotoxicity of Surface and Tap Waters Using the Comet Assay

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 863 - 873

Derya Bostancı , Serdar Yedıer , Seda Kontaş Yalçınkaya

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1581657

Öz

We tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to total heavy metal loads in Cevizdere surface water and Ünye District tap water of Ordu Province (Türkiye) may cause a genetic toxic effect in erythrocyte cells of carp (Cyprinus carpio) individuals. For this purpose, total heavy metal (loid)s contents in the surface and tap waters were determined seasonally. It was determined that both Cevizdere surface water and Ünye District tap water caused DNA damage in erythrocyte cells of carp fish, and this damage was statistically significant when compared to control groups (P<0.05). As a result of the comet analysis, the DNA damage detected in the erythrocyte cells of C. carpio showed the presence of genotoxic potential of Cevizdere Stream surface water and Ünye District tap water. The genotoxicity of the surface waters of the Cevizdere Stream, which is the main source of drinking water for the Ünye District in Ordu City, as well as the Ünye District tap waters, was evaluated in vivo for the first time using the Comet assay. This study revealed genotoxic damage in C. carpio due to total heavy metal(loid) pollution in the surface water of Cevizdere Stream and tap water of Ünye District, contributing to a better understanding of the relationship between genotoxicity and heavy metal(loid) pollution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DNA damage Comet assay Surface and tap waters Genotoxicity Metal(loid)s

Etik Beyan

The experimental procedures of the study were approved by the Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee, Ordu University (Approval number: 82678388/5).

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific Research Projects Commission of Ordu University

Proje Numarası

BAP; G-2004

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Nazmi POLAT, Prof. Dr. Evren TUNCA, and Prof. Dr. Salih ALKAN for their valuable comments on this study.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, Z., Dent, R.G., Suggate, E.L., Barrett, L.B., Seabright, R.J., Berry, M., Logan, A. (2005). Disinhibition of neurotrophin-induced dorsal root ganglion cell neurite outgrowth on CNS myelin by siRNA-mediated knockdown of NgR, p75NTR, and Rho-A. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 28(3), 509-523.
  • Alink, G.M., Quik, J.T.K., Penders, E.J.M., Spenkelink, A., Rotteveel, S.G.P., Maas, J.L., Hoogenboezem, W. (2007) Genotoxic effects in the Eastern mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea L.) after exposure to Rhine water, as assessed by use of the SCE and Comet assays: a comparison between 1978 and 2005. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 631(2), 93-100.
  • Andem, A.B., Agbor, R.B., Ekpo, I.A. (2013). Review on comet assay: a reliable tool for assessing DNA damage in animal models. Journal of Current Research in Science, 1(6), 405-427.
  • Bashar, T., Fung, I.W.H. (2020). Water pollution in a densely populated megapolis, Dhaka. Water, 12(8), 2124.
  • Beden, N., Ulke Keskin, A. (2021). Estimation of the local financial costs of flood damage with different methodologies in Ünye (Ordu), Turkey. Natural Hazards, 108, 2835-2854.
  • Bolognesi, C., Cirillo, S. (2014). Genotoxicity biomarkers in aquatic bioindicators. Current Zoology, 60(2), 273-284.
  • Bostancı, D., Kontaş Yalçınkaya, S., Yedier, S., Tunca, E., Alkan, S. (2024). Determination of metal(loid) levels in drinking water resources and tap waters in Ordu Province. The Black Sea Journal of Sciences, 14(2), 742-759.
  • Buschini, A., Carboni, P., Pellacani, C., Rossi, C., Poliü, P. (2008). Cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of drinking water: A comparison between two different concentration methods. Water Research, 42(8-9), 1999-2006.
  • Chowdhury, S., Kabir, F., Mazumder, M.A.J., Alhooshani, K., Al-Ahmed, A., Al-Suwaiyan, M.S. (2021). Models for predicting heavy metal concentrations in residential plumbing pipes and hot water tanks. Aqua, 70(7), 1038-1052.
  • Cortés, C., Marcos, R. (2018). Genotoxicity of disinfection byproducts and disinfected waters: A review of recent literature. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 831, 1-12.
  • Dhawan, A., Bajpayee, M., Parmar, D. (2009). Comet assay: a reliable tool for the assessment of DNA damage in different models. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 25(1), 5-32.
  • Duplay, J., Khedhiriz, S., Semhiy, K., Darragiz, F. (2013). Water quality in a protected natural wetland: sebkhet El Kelbia, Tunisia. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 70(1), 33-48.
  • Eissa, F., Elhawat N., Alshaal, T. (2023). Comparative study between the top six heavy metals involved in the EU RASFF notifications over the last 23 years. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 265, 115489.
  • Feretti, D., Acito, M., Dettori, M., Ceretti, E., Fatigoni, C., Posadino, S., Zerbini, I., Villarini, M., Moretti, M., Castiglia, P., Azara, A. (2020). Genotoxicity of source, treated and distributed water from four drinking water treatment plants supplied by surface water in Sardinia, Italy. Environmental Research, 185, 109385.
  • Fikirdesici Ergen, Ş., Tekatlı, Ç., Altındağ, A., Kamışlı, G., Kocatürk Döngel, K. & Tunca, E., (2023). Determination of Metal(loid)s in Mavi Dam Lake Sediment (Ankara) and Evaluation of Health Risks Level Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(5), 1010-1020.
  • Gebel, T., Birkenkamp, P., Luthin, S., Dunkelberg, H. (1998). Arsenic (III), but not antimony (III), induces DNA-protein crosslinks. Anticancer Research, 18(6A), 4253-4257.
  • Ghoochani, S., Hadiuzzaman, M., Mirza, N., Brown, S.P., Salehi, M. (2023). Effects of water chemistry and flow on lead release from plastic pipes versus copper pipes, implications for plumbing decontamination. Environmental Pollution, 337, 122520.
  • Hartmann, A., Agurell, E., Beevers, C., Brendler-Schwaab, S., Burlinson, B., Clay, P., Collins, A., Smith, A., Speit, G., Thybaud, V., Tice, R.R. (2003). Recommendations for conducting the in vivo alkaline comet assay. Mutagenesis, 18(1), 45-51.
  • Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B.B., Beeregowda, K.N. (2014). Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(2), 60-72.
  • Karaismailoğlu, C. (2022). Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of oxyfluorfen on the somatic cells of Allium cepa. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(2), 207-214.
  • Khan, B.N., Ullah, H., Ashfaq, Y., Hussain, N., Atique, U., Aziz, T., Alharbi, M., Albekairi, T.H., Alasmari, A.F. (2023). Elucidating the effects of heavy metals contamination on vital organ of fish and migratory birds found at freshwater ecosystem. Heliyon, 9(11), e20968.
  • Kocadal, K., Alkas, F., Battal, D., Saygi, S. (2020). Cellular pathologies and genotoxic effects arising secondary to heavy metal exposure: A review. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 39(1), 3-13.
  • Kontaş, S. (2022). In vivo assessment of genotoxic effects in Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) exposed to selected metal(oid)s. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 38(5), 277-286.
  • Kontaş, S., Bostancı, D. (2020). Genotoxic effects of environmental pollutant heavy metals on Alburnus chalcoides (Pisces: Cyprinidae) inhabiting lower Melet River (Ordu, Turkey). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 104(6), 763-769.
  • Kontaş Yalçınkaya, S., Bostancı, D., Yedier, S. (2025). Genotoxicity assessment on presence of metal(loid)s in drinking water source and tap water. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42(1), 33-40.
  • Kousar, S., Javed, M. (2015). Diagnosis of metals induced DNA damage in fish using comet assay. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 35(2), 168-172.
  • Kumaravel, T.S., Jha, A.N. (2006). Reliable comet assay measurements for detecting DNA damage induced by ionising radiation and chemicals. Mutation Research, 605, 7-16.
  • Kurucu, G., Bostancı, D. (2022). Ordu’nun derelerindeki fiziko-kimyasal özelliklere yeni katkılar: Curi Deresi (Ünye-Ordu). Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 700-708.
  • Lazăr, N., Simionov, I., Petrea, Ș., Iticescu, C., Georgescu, P., Dima, F., Antache, A. (2024). The influence of climate changes on heavy metals accumulation in Alosa immaculata from the Danube River Basin. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 200, 116145.
  • Liu, J., Hu, L.X., Deng, W.J., Ying, G.G., Hong, H., Tsang, E.P.K., Barceló, D. (2022). Pilot study of pollution characteristics and ecological risk of disinfection byproducts in natural waters in Hong Kong. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 41(10), 2613-2621.
  • Marcovecchio, J.E., Botte, S.E., Freije, R.H. (2007). Heavy metals, major metals, trace elements. in: Nollet, L.M., (Ed), Handbook of water analysis. CRC Press, London, pp. 275–311.
  • Mehra, S., Chadha, P. (2021). Naphthalene-2-sulfonate induced toxicity in blood cells of freshwater fish Channa punctatus using comet assay, micronucleus assay and ATIR-FTIR approach. Chemosphere, 265, 129147.
  • Mitra, S., Chakraborty, A.J., Tareq, A.M., Emran, T.B., Nainu, F., Khusro, A., Idris, A.M., Khandaker, M.U., Osman, H., Alhumaydhi, F.A., Simal-Gandara, J. (2022). Impact of Heavy metals on the environment and human health: novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. Journal of King Saud University – Science, 34(3), 101865.
  • Mohanty, S., Mishra, S.K., Patnaik, R., Dutt, A.K., Pradhan, S., Das, B., Patnaik, J., Mohanty, A.K., Lee, S.J., Dondorp, A.M. (2011). Brain swelling and mannitol therapy in adult cerebral malaria: a randomized trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 53(4), 349-355.
  • Mohod, C.V., Dhote, J. (2013). Review of heavy metals in drinking water and their effect on human health. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(7), 2992-2996.
  • Mokhamer, E.H., Radwan, E.H., Elsaka, M. (2019). Oxidative stress and DNA damage in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as biomarkers of aquatic pollution. Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research, 5(1), 92-109.
  • MU (Municipality of Ünye), (2018). Research and explanation report of 1/1000 scaled Ünye-Ordu revision and additional zoning plan.https://docplayer.biz.tr/105006253-Unye-ordu-revizyon-ve-ilave-imar-plani-1-1000-arastirma-ve-plan-aciklama-raporu.html, (Accessed 14 February 2024).
  • Nwani, C.D., Nagpure, N.S., Kumar, R., Kushwaha, B., Lakra, W.S. (2013). DNA damage and oxidative stress modulatory effects of glyphosate-based herbicide in freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 36(2), 539-547.
  • Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye (2005). İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik. T.C. Sağlik Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Türkiye. Available at https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=7510&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5 (in Turkish).
  • Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye (2019). İçme Suyu Temin Edilen Suların Kalitesi ve Arıtılması Hakkında Yönetmelik. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Su Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Türkiye. Available at https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ eskiler/2019/07/20190706-8.htm (in Turkish).
  • Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye (2022). Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye. Available at https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/12/20221217-8.htm (in Turkish).
  • Osman, A.G.M., Abuel-Fadl, K.Y., Kloas, W. (2012). In situ evaluation of the genotoxic potential of the river Nile: II. Detection of DNA strand-breakage and apoptosis in Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 747(1), 14-21.
  • Oy, H. (2018). The prehistoric settlement at Tozkoparan (Unye-Ordu-Turkey). Karadeniz Araştırmaları, 15(57), 33-41.
  • Pandey, A.K., Nagpure, N.S., Trivedi, S.P., Kumar, R., Kushwaha, B. (2011). Profenofos induced DNA damage in freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch) using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 726(2), 209-214.
  • Pereira, S., Camilleri, V., Floriani, M., Cavalie, I., Garnier-Laplace, J., Adam-Guillermin, C. (2012). Genotoxicity of uranium contamination in embryonic zebrafish cells. Aquatic Toxicology, 109, 11-16.
  • Richardson, S.D., Thruston, A.D., Jr Rav-Acha, C., Groisman, L., Popilevsky, I., Juraev, O., Glezer, V., McKague, A.B., Plewa, M.J., Wagner, E.D. (2003). Tribromopyrrole, brominated acids, and other disinfection byproducts produced by disinfection of drinking water rich in bromide. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(17), 3782-3793.
  • Sekabira, K., Oryem Origa, H., Basamba, T.A., Mutumba, G., Kakudidi, E. (2010). Assessment of seasonal variation in water quality in River Rwizi using multivariate statistical techniques, Mbarara Municipality, Uganda. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technolog, 7(4), 759-770.
  • Sharma, P., Chadha, P., Saini, H.S. (2019). Tetrabromobisphenol A induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in fish Channa punctatus. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 42(6), 559-564.
  • Silva, E.P.D., Benvindo-Souza, M., Cotrim, C.F.C., Motta, A.G.C., Lucena, M.M., Antoniosi Filho, N.R., Pereira, J., Formiga, K.T.M., Melo, E., Silva, D. (2020). Genotoxic effect of heavy metals on Astyanax lacustris in an urban stream. Heliyon, 6(9), e05034.
  • Singh, N.P., McCoy, M.T., Tice, R.R., Schneider, E.L. (1988). A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research, 175(1), 184-191.
  • Sorlini, S., Gialdini, F., Collivignarelli, C. (2014). Metal leaching in drinking water domestic distribution system: an Italian case study. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 24(6), 497-514.
  • Sunjog, K., Gačić, Z., Kolarević, S., Višnjić-Jeftić, Ž., Jarić, I., Knežević-Vukčević, J., Vuković-Gačić, B., Lenhardt, M. (2012). Heavy metal accumulation and the genotoxicity in barbel (Barbus barbus) as indicators of the Danube river pollution. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 351074.
  • Tung, G.K., Gandhi, G. (2024). Baseline and oxidatively damaged DNA in end-stage renal disease patients on varied hemodialysis regimens: a comet assay assessment. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 479, 199-211.
  • Turan, F., Eken, M., Ozyilmaz, G., Karan, S., Uluca, H. (2020). Heavy metal bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in African catfish Clarias gariepinus from Orontes river. Ecotoxicology, 29(9), 1522-1537.
  • USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), (2011). Exposure Factors Handbook, Final ed., (EPA/600/R-09/052F). Washington DC: U.S. http://cfpub.epa.gov/ (Accessed 14 February 2024)
  • Vazquez Boucard, C., Lee-Cruz, L., Mercier, L., Ramírez Orozco, M., Serrano Pinto, V., Anguiano, G., Cazares, L., Díaz, D. (2017). A study of DNA damage in buccal cells of consumers of well- and/or tap-water using the comet assay: Assessment of occupational exposure to genotoxicants. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 58(8), 619-627.
  • Wisha, U.J., Hariati, A., Ramadhan, M., Mustikasari, E., Mutmainah, H., Ilham, I. (2018). Spatial distribution of disolved heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) on the surface waters of Pare Bay, South Sulawesi. ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 23(4), 199-206.
  • WHO (World Health Organization), (2005). Nickel in Drinking Water. WHO/SDE/WSH/05.08/55. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Available online: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/gdwqrevision/nickel2005.pdf, (Accessed 14 February 2024)
  • WHO (World Health Organization), (2022). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240045064, (Accessed 14 February 2024)
  • Yedier, S., Kontaş, S., Bostancı, D. (2022). Assessing of fluctuating asymmetry in otolith of the Alburnus spp. from Anatolian lotic and lentic systems. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(1), 32-38.
  • Yuan, J., Wu, X.J., Lu, W.Q., Cheng, X.L., Chen, D., Li, X.Y., Liu, A.L., Wu, J.J., Xie, H., Stahl, T., Mersch-Sundermann, V. (2005). Chlorinated river and lake water extract caused oxidative damage, DNA migration and cytotoxicity in human cells. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 208(6), 481-488.
  • Zani, C., Feretti, D., Buschini, A., Poli, P., Rossi, C., Guzzella, L., Di Caterino, F., Monarca, S. (2005). Toxicity and genotoxicity of surface water before and after various potabilization steps. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 587(1-2), 26-37.
  • Zegura, B., Heath, E., Cernosa, A., Filipic, M. (2009). Combination of in vitro bioassays for the determination of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of wastewater, surface water and drinking water samples. Chemosphere, 75(11), 1453-1460.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sucul Toksikoloji, Balık Biyolojisi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Derya Bostancı 0000-0003-3052-9805

Serdar Yedıer 0000-0003-0017-3502

Seda Kontaş Yalçınkaya 0000-0002-6582-6722

Proje Numarası BAP; G-2004
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 27 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Bostancı, D., Yedıer, S., & Kontaş Yalçınkaya, S. (2025). Investigation of Possible Genotoxicity of Surface and Tap Waters Using the Comet Assay. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(3), 863-873. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1581657
 Kapak Resmi İndir

21082



2022-JIF = 0.500

2022-JCI = 0.170

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