Determination of Plant Parasitic Nematode Fauna and Evaluation of Soil Quality in Olive Orchards of Çanakkale Province, Türkiye

Çağla Aktürk; Uğur Gözel

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1614984

Araştırma Makalesi

Determination of Plant Parasitic Nematode Fauna and Evaluation of Soil Quality in Olive Orchards of Çanakkale Province, Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 830 - 842

Çağla Aktürk , Uğur Gözel

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1614984

Öz

In September 2023, a total of 185 soil samples were collected from the olive orchards in Çanakkale province’s Centre district and the districts of Ayvacık, Bayramiç, Biga, Ezine, and Lapseki to identify the plant-parasitic nematode communities present, determine their distribution maps, and evaluate soil quality by demonstrating the use of nematodes as bioindicators. A total of 22.257 nematode individuals were examined, and 33 genera belonging to 19 families were identified. The Rhabditida order constituted 47.62% of the population, followed by the Tylenchida order with 23.18% and the Aphelenchida order with 22.44%. The most prevalent plant-parasitic nematodes were identified as Merlinius spp. Siddiqi, 1970 (Tylenchida: Dolichodoridae) (10.41%), Tylenchus spp. Bastian, 1865 (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) (3.47%) and Helicotylenchus spp. Steiner, 1945 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) (1.77%). The dominance of the p-p 3 group indicates that this group has a common life strategy among herbivorous nematodes and poses a potential threat in agricultural ecosystems. The prevalence of the c-p 2 group among free-living nematodes highlights the critical role of this group in ecosystem processes, particularly in organic matter cycling and soil health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bioindicators, Nematode diversity, Olive orchards, Plant-parasitic nematodes, Soil quality

Kaynakça

Ali, N., Chapuis, E., Tavoillot, J., & Mateille T. (2014). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive tree (Olea europaea L.) with a focus on the Mediterranean Basin: a review. Comptes rendus biologies, 337(7-8), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2014.05.006
Ali, N., Tavoillot, J., Besnard, G., Khadari, B., Dmowska, E., Winiszewska, G., Fossati-Gaschignard, O., Ater, M., Aït Hamza, M., El Mousadik, A., El Oualkadi, A., Moukhli, A., Essalouh, L., El Bakkali, A., Chapuis, E., & Mateille T. (2017). How anthropogenic changes may affect soil-borne parasite diversity? Plant-parasitic nematode communities associated with olive trees in Morocco as a case study. BMC ecology, 17(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-016-0113-9
Belahmar, M., Elkfel, F., Mihoub, M., Abdewahab, S., Mateille, M., & Sellami S. (2015). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive in Algeria. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 50(2), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1556/038.50.2015.2.4
Bongers, T. & Ferris, H. (1999). Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(6): 224-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01583-3
Bongers, T. & Korthals, G. (1993). The maturity index, an instrument to monitor changes in the nematode community structure (Abstract paper). Summaries of the 45th International Symposium on Crop Protection, Ghent, Belgium 4 May 1993, pp.80.
Bongers, T. (1990). The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia. 83(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00324627
Bongers, T., van der Meulen, H., & Korthals G. (1997). Inverse relationship between the nematode maturity index and plant parasite index under enriched nutrient conditions. Applied Soil Ecology, 6(2), 195-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(96)00136-9
Castillo, P., Vovlas, N., Nico, AI., & Jiménez-Díaz, RM. (1999). Infection of olive trees by Heterodera mediterranea in orchards in Southern Spain. Plant disease, 83(8), 710–713. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.8.710
Chariou, P. L. & Steinmetz, N. F. (2017). Delivery of pesticides to plant-parasitic nematodes using tobacco mild green mosaic virus as a nanocarrier. ACS nano, 11(5), 4719–4730. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b00823
Çakmak, T. (2024). Comparative analysis of soil nematode biodiversity from five different fruit orchards in Osmaneli district, Bilecik, Türkiye. Journal of Nematology, 56(1), e2024-1 https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0001
Çetintaş, R., Soydan, R., Gürkan, T., Akbay, N. G. (2018). Meloidogyne javanica ve Meloidoyne incognita Kök-ur Nematodlarının Bazı Yağlık Zeytin ve Badem Çeşitlerindeki Saldırganlıklarının Belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(4), 472-481. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.363304
de Goede, RD., Bongers, T., & Ettema, CH. (1993). Graphical presentation and interpretation of nematode community structure: cp triangles (Abstract paper). Summaries of the 45th International Symposium on Crop Protection, Ghent, Belgium 4 May 1993, pp.80.
Du Preez, G., Daneel, M., De Goede, R., Du Toit, M. J., Ferris, H., Fourie, H., & Schmidt, J. H. (2022). Nematode-based indices in soil ecology: application, utility, and future directions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 169(1), 108640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108640
FAOSTAT, (2024). Crops and livestock products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (Date accessed: 07.09.2024)
Ferris, H. & Bongers, T. (2009). Indices developed specifically for analysis of nematode assemblages. In M.J. Wilson & T. Kakouli-Duarte (Eds.), Nematodes as environmental indicators (pp.124-145). CABI, UK. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845933852.0124
Ferris, H. (2010). Form and function: metabolic footprints of nematodes in the soil food web. European Journal of Soil Biology, 46(2), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2010.01.003
Ferris, H., Bongers, T., & de Goede, R. G. M. (2001). A framework for soil food web diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Applied Soil Ecology, 18(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00152-4
Göze Özdemir, FG. (2022). Bazı bitki besin elementlerinin bitki paraziti nematodlar üzerine etkisi. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 5(2), 114-121. https://doi.org/10.55930/jonas.1185112
Guesmi-Mzoughi, I., Tabib, M., Sellami, F., Hadj-Naser, F., Regaieg, H., Kallel S., & Horrigue-Raouani, N. (2022). Diversity of plant-parasitic nematode communities infesting olive orchards in Tunisia in relation to agronomic factors. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 164(4), 479-494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-022-02572-0
Hamza, M. A., Moukhli, A., Ferji, Z., Fossati-Gaschignard, O., Tavoillot, J., Ali, N., Boubaker, H., El Mousadik, A., & Mateille, T. (2018). Diversity of plant-parasitic nematode communities associated with olive nurseries in Morocco: Origin and environmental impacts. Applied Soil Ecology, 124(5), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.10.019
Hamza, M.A., Ferji, Z., Ali, N., Tavoillot, J., Chapuis, E., Oualkadi, A.E., Moukhli, A., Khadari, B., Boubaker, H., Lakhtar, H., Roussos, S., Mateille, T., & Mousadik, A.E. (2015). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive tree in Southern Morocco. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 17(4), 719-726. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/14.0004
Hooper, D. J. (1986). Extraction of Free-Living Stages from Soil. In J. F. Southey (Eds.), Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (pp. 5-30). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK.
Kepenekçi, İ. & Ökten, E. (1999). Türkiye nematod faunası için Tylenchidae (Tylenchida: Nematoda) familyasına bağlı yeni türler ve Malenchus bryophilus (Steiner, 1924) Andrassy, 1980’un taksonomik özellikleri. Plant Protection Bulletin, 39(3), 91-101. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bitkorb/issue/3664/48711
Kocadağlı, A. (2011). Türkiye’de zeytincilik faaliyetlerinde Edremit körfezi kıyılarının önemi. Coğrafya Dergisi, 19(1), 28-58. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iucografya/issue/25047/264425
Kornobis, F. (2023). New data on three plant-parasitic nematode species of the genus Longidorus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Poland. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 61(3), 273-279. https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2021.137947
Landi, S., d’Errico, G., Papini, R., Cutino, I., Simoncini, S., Rocchini, A., Brandi, G., Rizzo, R., Gugliuzza, G., Germinara, G. S., Nucifora, S., Mazzeo, G., & Roversi, P. F. (2022). Impact of super-high density olive orchard management system on soil free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes in Central and South Italy. Animals, 12(12), 1551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121551
Liphschitz, N., Gophna, R., Hartman, M., & Bigger, G. (1991). The beginning of olive (Olea europaea) cultivation in the old world: A reassessment. Journal of Archaeological Science, 18(4), 441–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(91)90037-P
Mai, W. F., Mullin, P. G., Lyon, H. H., & Loeffler, K. (1996). Plant-parasitic nematodes: a pictorial key to genera (5th Ed.). Cornell University Press, New York, 277 pp.
Maina, S., Karuri, H., & Ng'endo, R. N. (2020). Nematode metabolic footprints, ecological and functional indices in tropical maize-beans agro-ecosystems under different farming practices. Acta oecologica, 108, 103622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2020.103622
Moura, G. & Franzener, G. (2017). Biodiversity of nematodes biological indicators of soil quality in the agroecosystems. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 84(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000142015
Nico, AI., Rapoport, HF., Jiménez-Díaz, RM., & Castillo, P. (2002). Incidence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive planting stocks at nurseries in Southern Spain. Plant disease, 86(10), 1075–1079. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.10.1075
Ozturk, M., Altay, V., Gönenç, T. M., Unal, B. T., Efe, R., Akçiçek, E., & Bukhari, A., (2021). An overview of olive cultivation in Turkey: botanical features, eco-physiology and phytochemical aspects. Agronomy, 11(2), 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020295
Özata, E. & Cömert, M. (2016). Zeytinyağı ve sağlıklı yaşam. Zeytin Bilimi, 6(2), 105-110. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/zeytin/issue/28971/309929
Öztürk, L. (2023). Community structure of nematodes in olive growing areas in İzmir, Manisa, Balıkesir, and Çanakkale provinces, Türkiye. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 175-188. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1211560
Palomares-Rius, JE., Castillo, P., Montes-Borrego, M., Navas-Cortés, JA., & Landa, BB. (2015). Soil properties and olive cultivar determine the structure and diversity of plant-parasitic nematode communities infesting olive orchards soils in Southern Spain. PloS one,10(1), e0116890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116890
Pilak, C. & Ülger, S. (2021). Determination of the factors affecting turkish olive producer’s adoption of good agricultural practices in Marmara Region of Türkiye. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(3), 515-521. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.705047
Pleguezuelo, C., Zuazo, V., Martínez, J., Peinado, F., Martín, F., & Tejero, I. (2018). Organic olive farming in Andalusia, Spain. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 38(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0498-2
Sakar, E. & Ünver, H. (2014). Türkiye’de zeytin yetiştiriciliğinin durumu ve ülkemizde yapılan bazı seleksiyon ve adaptasyon çalışmaları. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 19-25. https://dergipark.org.tr/ tr/pub/harranziraat/issue/18435/194131
Sieriebriennikov, B., Ferris, H., & de Goede, R. G. (2014). NINJA: An automated calculation system for nematode-based biological monitoring. European Journal of Soil Biology, 61(2), 90-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ejsobi.2014.02.004
TUİK, (2023). Tarımsal istatistik veri portalı. Türkiye Zeytin Üretim Verileri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Kategori/GetKategori?p=tarim-111 (Date accessed: 07.09.2024)
Tunç, Y. & Yılmaz, KU. (2023). Türkiye’de yetiştiriciliği yapılan bazı subtropik iklim meyvelerinin üretim projeksiyonu. Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.55257/ethabd.1216677
Yeates, G. & Bongers, T. (1999). Nematode diversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 74(1-3), 113-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00033-X
Yeates, G. W., Bongers, T., De Goede, R. G., Freckman, D. W., & Georgieva, S. S. (1993). Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25(3), 315-331. https://journals.flvc.org/jon/article/view/66508

Türkiye, Çanakkale İli Zeytin Bahçelerindeki Bitki Paraziti Nematod Faunasının Belirlenmesi ve Toprak Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 830 - 842

Çağla Aktürk , Uğur Gözel

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1614984

Öz

Eylül ayı 2023’te Çanakkale ilinin Merkez ilçesi ile Ayvacık, Bayramiç, Biga, Ezine ve Lapseki ilçelerindeki zeytin bahçelerinden toplam 185 toprak örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örnekler bölgede bulunan bitki-paraziti nematod topluluklarını tanımlamak, dağılım haritalarını belirlemek ve nematodların biyoindikatör olarak kullanımını göstererek toprak kalitesini değerlendirmek amacıyla incelenmiştir. Toplamda 22.257 nematod bireyi incelenmiş ve 19 familyaya ait 33 cins tanımlanmıştır. Popülasyonun %47.62'sini Rhabditida takımı oluştururken bunu %23.18 ile Tylenchida ve %22.44 ile Aphelenchida takip etmiştir. En yaygın bitki-paraziti nematodlar Merlinius spp. Siddiqi, 1970 (Tylenchida: Dolichodoridae) (%10.41), Tylenchus spp. Bastian, 1865 (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) (%3.47) ve Helicotylenchus spp. Steiner, 1945 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) (%1.77) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Herbivor nematodlar arasında p-p 3 grubunun baskınlığı, bu grubun ortak bir yaşam stratejisine sahip olduğunu ve tarımsal ekosistemlerde potansiyel bir tehdit oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir. Serbest yaşayan nematodlar arasında c-p 2 grubunun yaygınlığı ise bu grubun ekosistem süreçlerinde, özellikle organik madde döngüsü ve toprak sağlığında oynadığı kritik rolü vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyoindikatörler, Nematod çeşitliliği, Zeytin bahçeleri, Bitki paraziti nematodlar, Toprak kalitesi

Kaynakça

Ali, N., Chapuis, E., Tavoillot, J., & Mateille T. (2014). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive tree (Olea europaea L.) with a focus on the Mediterranean Basin: a review. Comptes rendus biologies, 337(7-8), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2014.05.006
Ali, N., Tavoillot, J., Besnard, G., Khadari, B., Dmowska, E., Winiszewska, G., Fossati-Gaschignard, O., Ater, M., Aït Hamza, M., El Mousadik, A., El Oualkadi, A., Moukhli, A., Essalouh, L., El Bakkali, A., Chapuis, E., & Mateille T. (2017). How anthropogenic changes may affect soil-borne parasite diversity? Plant-parasitic nematode communities associated with olive trees in Morocco as a case study. BMC ecology, 17(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-016-0113-9
Belahmar, M., Elkfel, F., Mihoub, M., Abdewahab, S., Mateille, M., & Sellami S. (2015). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive in Algeria. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 50(2), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1556/038.50.2015.2.4
Bongers, T. & Ferris, H. (1999). Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(6): 224-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01583-3
Bongers, T. & Korthals, G. (1993). The maturity index, an instrument to monitor changes in the nematode community structure (Abstract paper). Summaries of the 45th International Symposium on Crop Protection, Ghent, Belgium 4 May 1993, pp.80.
Bongers, T. (1990). The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia. 83(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00324627
Bongers, T., van der Meulen, H., & Korthals G. (1997). Inverse relationship between the nematode maturity index and plant parasite index under enriched nutrient conditions. Applied Soil Ecology, 6(2), 195-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(96)00136-9
Castillo, P., Vovlas, N., Nico, AI., & Jiménez-Díaz, RM. (1999). Infection of olive trees by Heterodera mediterranea in orchards in Southern Spain. Plant disease, 83(8), 710–713. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.8.710
Chariou, P. L. & Steinmetz, N. F. (2017). Delivery of pesticides to plant-parasitic nematodes using tobacco mild green mosaic virus as a nanocarrier. ACS nano, 11(5), 4719–4730. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b00823
Çakmak, T. (2024). Comparative analysis of soil nematode biodiversity from five different fruit orchards in Osmaneli district, Bilecik, Türkiye. Journal of Nematology, 56(1), e2024-1 https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0001
Çetintaş, R., Soydan, R., Gürkan, T., Akbay, N. G. (2018). Meloidogyne javanica ve Meloidoyne incognita Kök-ur Nematodlarının Bazı Yağlık Zeytin ve Badem Çeşitlerindeki Saldırganlıklarının Belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(4), 472-481. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.363304
de Goede, RD., Bongers, T., & Ettema, CH. (1993). Graphical presentation and interpretation of nematode community structure: cp triangles (Abstract paper). Summaries of the 45th International Symposium on Crop Protection, Ghent, Belgium 4 May 1993, pp.80.
Du Preez, G., Daneel, M., De Goede, R., Du Toit, M. J., Ferris, H., Fourie, H., & Schmidt, J. H. (2022). Nematode-based indices in soil ecology: application, utility, and future directions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 169(1), 108640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108640
FAOSTAT, (2024). Crops and livestock products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (Date accessed: 07.09.2024)
Ferris, H. & Bongers, T. (2009). Indices developed specifically for analysis of nematode assemblages. In M.J. Wilson & T. Kakouli-Duarte (Eds.), Nematodes as environmental indicators (pp.124-145). CABI, UK. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845933852.0124
Ferris, H. (2010). Form and function: metabolic footprints of nematodes in the soil food web. European Journal of Soil Biology, 46(2), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2010.01.003
Ferris, H., Bongers, T., & de Goede, R. G. M. (2001). A framework for soil food web diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Applied Soil Ecology, 18(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00152-4
Göze Özdemir, FG. (2022). Bazı bitki besin elementlerinin bitki paraziti nematodlar üzerine etkisi. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 5(2), 114-121. https://doi.org/10.55930/jonas.1185112
Guesmi-Mzoughi, I., Tabib, M., Sellami, F., Hadj-Naser, F., Regaieg, H., Kallel S., & Horrigue-Raouani, N. (2022). Diversity of plant-parasitic nematode communities infesting olive orchards in Tunisia in relation to agronomic factors. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 164(4), 479-494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-022-02572-0
Hamza, M. A., Moukhli, A., Ferji, Z., Fossati-Gaschignard, O., Tavoillot, J., Ali, N., Boubaker, H., El Mousadik, A., & Mateille, T. (2018). Diversity of plant-parasitic nematode communities associated with olive nurseries in Morocco: Origin and environmental impacts. Applied Soil Ecology, 124(5), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.10.019
Hamza, M.A., Ferji, Z., Ali, N., Tavoillot, J., Chapuis, E., Oualkadi, A.E., Moukhli, A., Khadari, B., Boubaker, H., Lakhtar, H., Roussos, S., Mateille, T., & Mousadik, A.E. (2015). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive tree in Southern Morocco. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 17(4), 719-726. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/14.0004
Hooper, D. J. (1986). Extraction of Free-Living Stages from Soil. In J. F. Southey (Eds.), Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (pp. 5-30). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK.
Kepenekçi, İ. & Ökten, E. (1999). Türkiye nematod faunası için Tylenchidae (Tylenchida: Nematoda) familyasına bağlı yeni türler ve Malenchus bryophilus (Steiner, 1924) Andrassy, 1980’un taksonomik özellikleri. Plant Protection Bulletin, 39(3), 91-101. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bitkorb/issue/3664/48711
Kocadağlı, A. (2011). Türkiye’de zeytincilik faaliyetlerinde Edremit körfezi kıyılarının önemi. Coğrafya Dergisi, 19(1), 28-58. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iucografya/issue/25047/264425
Kornobis, F. (2023). New data on three plant-parasitic nematode species of the genus Longidorus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Poland. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 61(3), 273-279. https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2021.137947
Landi, S., d’Errico, G., Papini, R., Cutino, I., Simoncini, S., Rocchini, A., Brandi, G., Rizzo, R., Gugliuzza, G., Germinara, G. S., Nucifora, S., Mazzeo, G., & Roversi, P. F. (2022). Impact of super-high density olive orchard management system on soil free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes in Central and South Italy. Animals, 12(12), 1551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121551
Liphschitz, N., Gophna, R., Hartman, M., & Bigger, G. (1991). The beginning of olive (Olea europaea) cultivation in the old world: A reassessment. Journal of Archaeological Science, 18(4), 441–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(91)90037-P
Mai, W. F., Mullin, P. G., Lyon, H. H., & Loeffler, K. (1996). Plant-parasitic nematodes: a pictorial key to genera (5th Ed.). Cornell University Press, New York, 277 pp.
Maina, S., Karuri, H., & Ng'endo, R. N. (2020). Nematode metabolic footprints, ecological and functional indices in tropical maize-beans agro-ecosystems under different farming practices. Acta oecologica, 108, 103622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2020.103622
Moura, G. & Franzener, G. (2017). Biodiversity of nematodes biological indicators of soil quality in the agroecosystems. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 84(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000142015
Nico, AI., Rapoport, HF., Jiménez-Díaz, RM., & Castillo, P. (2002). Incidence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive planting stocks at nurseries in Southern Spain. Plant disease, 86(10), 1075–1079. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.10.1075
Ozturk, M., Altay, V., Gönenç, T. M., Unal, B. T., Efe, R., Akçiçek, E., & Bukhari, A., (2021). An overview of olive cultivation in Turkey: botanical features, eco-physiology and phytochemical aspects. Agronomy, 11(2), 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020295
Özata, E. & Cömert, M. (2016). Zeytinyağı ve sağlıklı yaşam. Zeytin Bilimi, 6(2), 105-110. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/zeytin/issue/28971/309929
Öztürk, L. (2023). Community structure of nematodes in olive growing areas in İzmir, Manisa, Balıkesir, and Çanakkale provinces, Türkiye. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 175-188. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1211560
Palomares-Rius, JE., Castillo, P., Montes-Borrego, M., Navas-Cortés, JA., & Landa, BB. (2015). Soil properties and olive cultivar determine the structure and diversity of plant-parasitic nematode communities infesting olive orchards soils in Southern Spain. PloS one,10(1), e0116890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116890
Pilak, C. & Ülger, S. (2021). Determination of the factors affecting turkish olive producer’s adoption of good agricultural practices in Marmara Region of Türkiye. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(3), 515-521. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.705047
Pleguezuelo, C., Zuazo, V., Martínez, J., Peinado, F., Martín, F., & Tejero, I. (2018). Organic olive farming in Andalusia, Spain. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 38(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0498-2
Sakar, E. & Ünver, H. (2014). Türkiye’de zeytin yetiştiriciliğinin durumu ve ülkemizde yapılan bazı seleksiyon ve adaptasyon çalışmaları. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 19-25. https://dergipark.org.tr/ tr/pub/harranziraat/issue/18435/194131
Sieriebriennikov, B., Ferris, H., & de Goede, R. G. (2014). NINJA: An automated calculation system for nematode-based biological monitoring. European Journal of Soil Biology, 61(2), 90-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ejsobi.2014.02.004
TUİK, (2023). Tarımsal istatistik veri portalı. Türkiye Zeytin Üretim Verileri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Kategori/GetKategori?p=tarim-111 (Date accessed: 07.09.2024)
Tunç, Y. & Yılmaz, KU. (2023). Türkiye’de yetiştiriciliği yapılan bazı subtropik iklim meyvelerinin üretim projeksiyonu. Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.55257/ethabd.1216677
Yeates, G. & Bongers, T. (1999). Nematode diversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 74(1-3), 113-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00033-X
Yeates, G. W., Bongers, T., De Goede, R. G., Freckman, D. W., & Georgieva, S. S. (1993). Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology, 25(3), 315-331. https://journals.flvc.org/jon/article/view/66508

Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Nematoloji
Bölüm	ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar	Çağla Aktürk 0009-0006-6431-4449 Uğur Gözel 0000-0003-1363-1189
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	1 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi	7 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi	27 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Aktürk, Ç., & Gözel, U. (2025). Determination of Plant Parasitic Nematode Fauna and Evaluation of Soil Quality in Olive Orchards of Çanakkale Province, Türkiye. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(3), 830-842. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1614984