Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Topraktan İzole Edilen Blepharisma hyalinum Perty, 1849 (Ciliophora, Heterotrichida) Türünün Morfolojisi ve Moleküler Filogenisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 914 - 929

Naciye Gülkız Şenler , İsmail Yıldız , Hilal Ural , Rıfat Bircan

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1590418

Öz

Bu çalışmada Tekirdağ (Türkiye) topraklarından hazırlanan kültürlerde birbiri ardınca ortaya çıkan iki Blepharisma popülasyonu gözlendi. Bu popülasyonlara ait hücre ve kistler morfolojik ve morfometrik olarak incelenmiş ve SSU rDNA gen dizisine dayanarak filogenetik konumları belirlenmiştir. Her iki popülasyon da morfometrik olarak birbirine çok benzerdi, ancak toprak kültürlerinde gözlenen ilk popülasyon olan popülasyon 1, esnek olmayan ve sert olan piriform biçime sahipken, popülasyon 1'in kaybolmasının ardından gözlenen popülasyon 2 ise, esnek, kırılgan, mızrak biçimindedir. Ayrıca, her iki popülasyonun hücre genişliği/uzunluğu oranlarının istatistiksel olarak birbirinden farklı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, her iki popülasyonun SSU rDNA nükleotid dizileri birbirlerine ve daha önce tanımlanan diğer B. hyalinum popülasyonlarına çok benzediğinden, bu çalışmada gözlemlenen Blepharisma popülasyonlarının B. hyalinum'un morfotipleri olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Gözlenen morfolojik farkların çevresel faktörlere ve kültürlerdeki hücrelerin farklı yaşam evrelerinden kaynaklanabileceği varsayılmıştır.Blepharisma popülasyonlarının SSU rDNA nükleotid dizilerinin karşılaştırılması ve filogenetik analizler bazı farklı türlere ait nükleotid dizilerinin aynı ya da çok benzer olduklarını göstermiştir. Bu kaotik durumun açıklığa kavuşturulması için Blepharisma popülasyonları üzerinde ayrıntılı morfolojik incelemelere dayalı çok sayıda moleküler veriye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blepharisma hyalinum Morfoloji Dinlenme kisti Filogeni Türkiye

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 221Z208

Kaynakça

  • Adobe Inc. (2014). Adobe Photoshop (Version CC 2014). Retrieved from https://www.adobe.com/ products/photoshop.html
  • Aescht, E. & Foissner, W. (1998). Divisional morphogenesis in Blepharisma americanum, B. undulans, and B. hyalinum (Ciliophora: Heterotrichida). Acta Protozoolica, 37(2), 71-92.
  • Al-Rasheid, K. A. (1999). Records of marine interstitial hymenostomatid ciliates from the Jubail Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, Saudi Arabia. Qatar Univ. Sci. J., 18, 123-130.
  • Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Nilsson, J. R. & Larsen, H. F. (2001). Blepharisma intermedium Padmavathi, 1959 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichida) from Al-Hassa inland hypersaline oassis Saudi Arabia. Acta Parasitologica, 40, 63-69.
  • Asadullayeva, E. & Alekperov, İ. (2007). Free-living ciliates of the Anzali Wetland of the Caspian Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 31(2), 143-149.
  • Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Zwickl, D. J., Beerli, P., Holder, M. T., Lewis, P. O., Huelsenbeck, J. P., Ronquist, F., Swofford, D. L., Cummings, M. P., Rambaut, A. & Suchard, M. A. (2012). BEAGLE: an application programming interface and high-performance computing library for statistical phylogenetics. Systematic Biology, 61(1), 170-173. https//doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr100
  • Bhandary, A. V. (1962). Taxonomy of genus Blepharisma with special reference to Blepharisma undulans. Journal of Protozoology, 9, 435-442. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1962.tb02649.x
  • Çapar, S. (2007). Checklist for ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) living in Turkish inland waters and flooded zones. E.Ü. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 24, 207-212.
  • Cavaleiro, J., Fernandes, N. M., da Silva-Neto, I. D. & Soares, C. A. G. (2018). Resting cysts of the pigmented ciliate Blepharisma sinuosum Sawaya, 1940 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea). Journal of Eukaryot Microbiology, 65(3), 422-426. https//doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12483
  • Ceja-Navarro, J. A., Wang, Y., Ning, D., Arellano, A., Ramanculova, L., Yuan, M. M., Byer, A., Craven, K. D., Saha, M. C., Brodie, E. L., Pett-Ridge, J. & Firestone, M. K. (2021). Protist diversity and community complexity in the rhizosphere of switchgrass are dynamic as plants develop. Microbiome, 9, 96. https//doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01042-9
  • Chi, Y., Chen, X., Li, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, T., Ayoub, A., Warren, A., Song, W. & Wang, Y. (2021). New contributions to the phylogeny of the ciliate class Heterotrichea (Protista, Ciliophora): analyses at family-genus level and new evolutionary hypotheses. Science China-Life Sciences, 64(4), 606-620. https//doi.org/10.1007/s11427- 020-1817-5
  • Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012). jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods, 9(8), 772. https//doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
  • Dragesco, J. (1970). Ciliés libres de Cameroun. Ann. Fac. Sci., Yaounde, Cameroun.
  • Dragesco, J. & Dragesco-Kernéis, A. (1986). Ciliés Libres de I’Afrique Intertropicale. Faune Tropicale, 26, 1-559.
  • Fabczak, H., Groszyńska, B. & Fabczak, S. (2001). Light regulation of protein phosphorylation in Blepharisma japonicum. Acta Parasitologica, 40, 311-315.
  • Fernandes, N. M., Dias, R. J., Senra, M. V., Soares, C. A. & da Silva Neto, I. D. (2013). Morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequence of Blepharisma sinuosum Sawaya, 1940 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea) from Brazil. European Journal of Protistology, 49(4), 623-633. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2013.04.003
  • Fernandes, N. M., Paiva Tda, S., da Silva-Neto, I. D., Schlegel, M. & Schrago, C. G. (2016). Expanded phylogenetic analyses of the class Heterotrichea (Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) using five molecular markers and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 95, 229-246. https//doi.org/10.1016/ j.ympev.2015.10.030
  • Foissner, W. (1987). Soil protozoa: fundamental problems, ecological significance, adaptations in ciliates and testaceans, bioindicators, and guide to the literature. Progresss in Protozoology, 2, 69-212.
  • Foissner, W. (1989). Morphologie und Infraciliatur einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer und limnischer Ciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 196, 173-247.
  • Foissner, W. (1997). Global soil ciliate (Protozoa, Ciliophora) diversity: a probability-based approach using large sample collections from Africa, Australia and Antarctica. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6(12), 1627-1638. https//doi.org/10.1023/A:1018378822687
  • Foissner, W. (1999). Soil protozoa as bioindikators: pros and cons, methods, diversity, representative examples. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 74, 95-112.
  • Foissner, W. (2014). An update of basic light and scanning electron microscopic methods for taxonomic studies of ciliated protozoa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 64(Pt 1), 271-292. https//doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.057893-0
  • Foissner, W., Agatha, S. & Berger, H. (2002). Soil ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Namibia (Southwest Africa), with emphasis on two contrasting environments, the Etosha Region and the Namib Desert. Denisia, 5, 1-1459.
  • Giese, A. C. (1973). Blepharisma. The biology of a light-sensitive protozoa. Stanford University Press, U.S.A. Greenwood, S. J., Schlegel, M., Sogin, M. L. & Lynn, D. H. (1991). Phylogenetic relationships of Blepharisma americanum and Colpoda inflata within the phylum ciliophora inferred from complete small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Protozoology, 38(1), 1-6. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb04783.x
  • Gupta, R., Kumari, B., Ojha, D., Lohani, S. & Bhujabal, R. (2015). Comparative analysis of various media and food source on culturing of the eukaryotic microbe Blepharisma. DU Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation, 1(3), 144-152.
  • Hall, T. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95-98.
  • Hao, T., Li, B., Song, Y., Warren, A. & Pan, X. (2022). Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of two new Blepharisma species (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) from northeastern China. European Journal of Protistology, 85, 125908. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125908
  • Hirshfield, H. I., Isquith, I. R. & Bhandary, A. V. (1965). A proposed organization of the genus Blepharisma Perty and description of four new species. Journal of Protozoology, 12(1), 136-144. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01826.x
  • Isquith, I. R., Repak, A. J. & Hirshfield, H. I. (1965). Blepharisma seculum, sp. nov., a member of the subgenus (Compactum). The Journal of Protozoology, 12(4), 615-618. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03264.x
  • Jin, D., Zhao, X., Ye, T., Huang, J., Warren, A., Al-Farraj, S. A. & Chen, X. (2021). Taxonomy and SSU rDNA-based phylogeny of two heterotrich ciliates (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) collected from subtropical wetlands of China, including the description of a new species, Linostomella pseudovorticella n. sp. Front. Microbiol., 12, 719360. https//doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.719360
  • Kahl, A. (1932). Urtiere Oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere Order Ciliata (Infusoria). 3. Spirotricha. Tierwelt Dtl, 25, 399-650.
  • Kuikman, P. J., Van Vuure, M. M. I. & Van Veen, J. A. (1989). Effect of soil moisture regime on predation by protozoa of bacterial biomass and the release of bacterial nitrogen. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 27(1-4), 271-279. https//doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(89)90091-1
  • Lara, E. & Acosta-Mercado, D. (2012). A molecular perspective on ciliates as soil bioindicators. European Journal of Soil Biology, 49, 107-111. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2011.11.001
  • Larsen, H. F. (1982). Light microscopic observations and remarks on the ecology of Blepharisma persicinum Perty, 1849. Archiv Fur Protistenkunde, 125, 63-72. https//doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9365(82)80005-5
  • Larsen, H. F. & Nilsson, J. R. (1983). Is Blepharisma hyalinum truly unpigmented? Journal of Protozoology, 30(1), 90-97. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb01039.x
  • Larsen, H. F. & Nilsson, J. R. (1988). Observations on the ecology and morphology of Blepharisma elongatum (Stokes, 1884), Kahl, 1926). Archiv Fur Protistenkunde, 136(1), 51-63. https//doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9365(88)80035-6
  • Lee, E. S. & Shin, M. K. (2009). New record of ciliates, Blepharisma undulans and B. steini (Ciliophora: Heterotrichida: Blepharismidae) from Korea. Korean J. Syst. Zool., 25(1), 41-47. https//doi.org/10.5635/ kjsz.2009.25.1.041
  • Li, J., Li, M. G., Yang, J., Ai, Y. & Xu, R. L. (2010). Community characteristics of soil ciliates at Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou, China. Zoological Studies, 49(6), 713-723.
  • Li, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, S., Maurer-Alcala, X. X. & Yan, Y. (2022). How ciliated protists survive by cysts: some key points during encystment and excystment. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 785502. https//doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.785502
  • Liu, W., Jiang, J., Xu, Y., Pan, X., Qu, Z., Luo, X., El-Serehy, H. A., Warren, A., Ma, H. & Pan, H. (2017). Diversity of free-living marine ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora): Faunal studies in coastal waters of China during the years 2011-2016. European Journal of Protistology, 61, 424-438. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2017.04.007
  • Luo, J., Ma, M., Lu, B., Li, X., Warren, A., Shi, Y. & Chen, X. (2019). The taxonomy and phylogeny of the poorly known heterotrich ciliate Ampullofolliculina lageniformis Hadzi, 1951 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 66(6), 925-936. https//doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12743
  • Lynn, D. H. (2008). The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Lynn, D. H. & Small, E. B., (2000). Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In J. J. Lee, G. F. Leedale & P. Bradbury (Eds.), The Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa (pp. 371-656). Allen Press Inc.
  • Madoni, P. (2005). Ciliated protozoan communities and saprobic evaluation of water quality in the hilly zone of some tributaries of the Po River (northern Italy). Hydrobiologia, 541(1), 55-69. https//doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-4667-8
  • Medlin, L., Elwood, H. J., Stickel, S. & Sogin, M. L. (1988). The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene, 71, 491-499. https//doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(88)90066-2
  • Miao, M., Song, W., Clamp, J. C., Al-Rasheid, K. A., Al-Khedhairy, A. A. & Al-Arifi, S. (2009). Further consideration of the phylogeny of some "traditional" heterotrichs (Protista, Ciliophora) of uncertain affinities, based on new sequences of the small subunit rRNA gene. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 56(3), 244-250. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00391.x
  • Minh, B. Q., Schmidt, H. A., Chernomor, O., Schrempf, D., Woodhams, M. D., von Haeseler, A. & Lanfear, R. (2020). IQ-TREE 2: New models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Mol. Biol. Evol., 37(5), 1530-1534. https//doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa015
  • Minitab LLC. (2016). Minitab (Version 16.0). Retrieved from https://www.minitab.com
  • Pan, H. & Stoeck, T. (2017). Redescription of the halophile ciliate, Blepharisma halophilum Ruinen, 1938 (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea, Heterotrichida) shows that the genus Blepharisma is non-monophyletic. European Journal of Protistology, 61(Pt A), 20-28. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2017.07.004
  • Perty, M. (1849). Mikroskopische organismen der Al-pen u.d. Italienischen Schweiz. Mitt. Natureforsch, Ges, Bern.
  • Post, F. J., Borowitzka, L. J., Borowitzka, M. A., Mackay, B. & Moulton, T. (1983). The protozoa of a Western Australian hypersaline lagoon. Hydrobiologia, 105(1), 95-113. https//doi.org/10.1007/bf00025180
  • Rambaut, A., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M. A. (2018). Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using tracer 1.7. Syst Biol, 67(5), 901-904. https//doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
  • Repak, A. J. (1968). Encystment and excystment of the heterotrichous ciliate Blepharisma stoltei Isquith. Journal of Protozoology, 15(3), 407-412. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1968.tb02148.x
  • Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. A. & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61(3), 539-542. https//doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
  • Schmidt, S. L., Foissner, W., Schlegel, M. & Bernhard, D. (2007). Molecular phylogeny of the Heterotrichea (Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) based on small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 54(4), 358-363. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00269.x
  • Shazib, S. U., Vďačný, P., Kim, J. H., Jang, S. W. & Shin, M. K. (2014). Phylogenetic relationships of the ciliate class Heterotrichea (Protista, Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) inferred from multiple molecular markers and multifaceted analysis strategy. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 78, 118-135. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.012
  • SPSS Inc. (2006). SPSS for Windows (Version 15.0). Retrieved from https://www.spss.com
  • Stein, F. (1867). Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere nach eigenen Forschungen in systematischer Reihenfolge bear- beitet. Engelmann, Leipzig.
  • Suzuki, S. (1954). Taxonomic studies on Blepharisma undulans Stein with special reference to the macronuclear variation. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University Series B15, 204-220.
  • Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021). MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Mol Biol Evol, 38(7), 3022-3027. https//doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
  • Thamm, M., Schmidt, S. L. & Bernhard, D. (2010). Insights into the phylogeny of the genus Stentor (Heterotrichea, Ciliophora) with special emphasis on the evolution of the macronucleus based on SSU rDNA data. Acta Protozoologica, 49(3), 149-157.
  • Thompson, A. R., Powell, G. S. & Adams, B. J. (2019). Provisional checklist of terrestrial heterotrophic protists from Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 31(6), 287-303. https//doi.org/10.1017/s0954102019000361
  • Ural, H., Bircan, R., Aral, C., Yıldız, İ. & Şenler, N. G. (2020). A new approach to DNA isolation from dileptid ciliates (Ciliophora: Litostomatea: Rhynchostomatia). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 72(2), 199-205.
  • Ural, H., Şenler, N. G. & Yıldız, İ. (2023). Morphological and molecular characterization of species of genus Blepharisma Perty, 1849 and genus Frontonia ehrenberg, 1838 isolated from İğneada Longoz Forests (floodplain) National Park (Longoz of Lake Mert) (Sözlü bildiri). V. International Agricultural, Biological & Life Science Conference, Edirne, Türkiye, 18-20 September 2023, pp. 308.
  • Vďačný, P. & Foissner, W. (2012). Monograph of the dileptids (Protista, Ciliophora, Rhynchostomatia). Denisia, 31, 1-529.
  • Yan, Y., Fan, Y. B., Chen, X. R., Li, L. F., Warren, A., Al-Farraj, S. A. & Song, W. B. (2016). Taxonomy and phylogeny of three heterotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora), with description of a new Blepharisma species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177(2), 320-334. https//doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12369
  • Ye, T. T., Zhao, X. T., Chi, Y., Zheng, B. H., Zhang, H., Huang, J., Warren, A. & Chen, X. R. (2021). Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two marine folliculinid ciliates found in China (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea). Journal of Ocean University of China, 20(4), 959-972. https//doi.org/10.1007/s11802-021-4965-z
  • Yıldız, İ. (2021). Morphology and phylogeny of a new soil ciliate, Colpodidium zelihayildizae n. sp. (Ciliophora, Nassophorea, Colpodidiidae), from Van, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 45, 304-313. https//doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2101-20

Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Blepharisma hyalinum Perty, 1849 (Ciliophora, Heterotrichida) Isolated from Soil

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 914 - 929

Naciye Gülkız Şenler , İsmail Yıldız , Hilal Ural , Rıfat Bircan

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1590418

Öz

In this study, two successive populations of Blepharisma were observed in cultures prepared from soil samples collected from Tekirdağ (Türkiye). The cells and cysts belonging to these populations were examined morphologically and morphometrically, and their phylogenetic positions were determined based on SSU rDNA gene sequences. Both populations were morphometrically very similar to each other, but population 1, the initial population observed in soil cultures, had a pyriform body that was inflexible and rigid while population 2, observed subsequent to the disappearance of population 1, exhibited a flexible, fragile, lanceolate body. In addition, the cell width/length ratios of both populations were found to be statistically different from each other. However, since the SSU rDNA nucleotide sequences of both populations are very similar to each other and to other B. hyalinum populations described previously, it is concluded that the observed Blepharisma populations represent different morphotypes of B. hyalinum. It has been hypothesised that the observed morphological differences may result from diet, environmental factors, and variations in the life stages of the cultured cells. Comparison of SSU rDNA nucleotide sequences of Blepharisma populations and phylogenetic analyses showed that the nucleotide sequences of some different species are identical or very similar. To clarify this chaotic situation, extensive molecular data based on detailed morphological studies on Blepharisma populations are necessary.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blepharisma hyalinum Morphology Resting cyst Phylogeny Türkiye

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 221Z208

Kaynakça

  • Adobe Inc. (2014). Adobe Photoshop (Version CC 2014). Retrieved from https://www.adobe.com/ products/photoshop.html
  • Aescht, E. & Foissner, W. (1998). Divisional morphogenesis in Blepharisma americanum, B. undulans, and B. hyalinum (Ciliophora: Heterotrichida). Acta Protozoolica, 37(2), 71-92.
  • Al-Rasheid, K. A. (1999). Records of marine interstitial hymenostomatid ciliates from the Jubail Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, Saudi Arabia. Qatar Univ. Sci. J., 18, 123-130.
  • Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Nilsson, J. R. & Larsen, H. F. (2001). Blepharisma intermedium Padmavathi, 1959 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichida) from Al-Hassa inland hypersaline oassis Saudi Arabia. Acta Parasitologica, 40, 63-69.
  • Asadullayeva, E. & Alekperov, İ. (2007). Free-living ciliates of the Anzali Wetland of the Caspian Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 31(2), 143-149.
  • Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Zwickl, D. J., Beerli, P., Holder, M. T., Lewis, P. O., Huelsenbeck, J. P., Ronquist, F., Swofford, D. L., Cummings, M. P., Rambaut, A. & Suchard, M. A. (2012). BEAGLE: an application programming interface and high-performance computing library for statistical phylogenetics. Systematic Biology, 61(1), 170-173. https//doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr100
  • Bhandary, A. V. (1962). Taxonomy of genus Blepharisma with special reference to Blepharisma undulans. Journal of Protozoology, 9, 435-442. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1962.tb02649.x
  • Çapar, S. (2007). Checklist for ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) living in Turkish inland waters and flooded zones. E.Ü. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 24, 207-212.
  • Cavaleiro, J., Fernandes, N. M., da Silva-Neto, I. D. & Soares, C. A. G. (2018). Resting cysts of the pigmented ciliate Blepharisma sinuosum Sawaya, 1940 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea). Journal of Eukaryot Microbiology, 65(3), 422-426. https//doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12483
  • Ceja-Navarro, J. A., Wang, Y., Ning, D., Arellano, A., Ramanculova, L., Yuan, M. M., Byer, A., Craven, K. D., Saha, M. C., Brodie, E. L., Pett-Ridge, J. & Firestone, M. K. (2021). Protist diversity and community complexity in the rhizosphere of switchgrass are dynamic as plants develop. Microbiome, 9, 96. https//doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01042-9
  • Chi, Y., Chen, X., Li, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, T., Ayoub, A., Warren, A., Song, W. & Wang, Y. (2021). New contributions to the phylogeny of the ciliate class Heterotrichea (Protista, Ciliophora): analyses at family-genus level and new evolutionary hypotheses. Science China-Life Sciences, 64(4), 606-620. https//doi.org/10.1007/s11427- 020-1817-5
  • Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012). jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods, 9(8), 772. https//doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
  • Dragesco, J. (1970). Ciliés libres de Cameroun. Ann. Fac. Sci., Yaounde, Cameroun.
  • Dragesco, J. & Dragesco-Kernéis, A. (1986). Ciliés Libres de I’Afrique Intertropicale. Faune Tropicale, 26, 1-559.
  • Fabczak, H., Groszyńska, B. & Fabczak, S. (2001). Light regulation of protein phosphorylation in Blepharisma japonicum. Acta Parasitologica, 40, 311-315.
  • Fernandes, N. M., Dias, R. J., Senra, M. V., Soares, C. A. & da Silva Neto, I. D. (2013). Morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequence of Blepharisma sinuosum Sawaya, 1940 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea) from Brazil. European Journal of Protistology, 49(4), 623-633. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2013.04.003
  • Fernandes, N. M., Paiva Tda, S., da Silva-Neto, I. D., Schlegel, M. & Schrago, C. G. (2016). Expanded phylogenetic analyses of the class Heterotrichea (Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) using five molecular markers and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 95, 229-246. https//doi.org/10.1016/ j.ympev.2015.10.030
  • Foissner, W. (1987). Soil protozoa: fundamental problems, ecological significance, adaptations in ciliates and testaceans, bioindicators, and guide to the literature. Progresss in Protozoology, 2, 69-212.
  • Foissner, W. (1989). Morphologie und Infraciliatur einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer und limnischer Ciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 196, 173-247.
  • Foissner, W. (1997). Global soil ciliate (Protozoa, Ciliophora) diversity: a probability-based approach using large sample collections from Africa, Australia and Antarctica. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6(12), 1627-1638. https//doi.org/10.1023/A:1018378822687
  • Foissner, W. (1999). Soil protozoa as bioindikators: pros and cons, methods, diversity, representative examples. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 74, 95-112.
  • Foissner, W. (2014). An update of basic light and scanning electron microscopic methods for taxonomic studies of ciliated protozoa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 64(Pt 1), 271-292. https//doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.057893-0
  • Foissner, W., Agatha, S. & Berger, H. (2002). Soil ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Namibia (Southwest Africa), with emphasis on two contrasting environments, the Etosha Region and the Namib Desert. Denisia, 5, 1-1459.
  • Giese, A. C. (1973). Blepharisma. The biology of a light-sensitive protozoa. Stanford University Press, U.S.A. Greenwood, S. J., Schlegel, M., Sogin, M. L. & Lynn, D. H. (1991). Phylogenetic relationships of Blepharisma americanum and Colpoda inflata within the phylum ciliophora inferred from complete small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Protozoology, 38(1), 1-6. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb04783.x
  • Gupta, R., Kumari, B., Ojha, D., Lohani, S. & Bhujabal, R. (2015). Comparative analysis of various media and food source on culturing of the eukaryotic microbe Blepharisma. DU Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation, 1(3), 144-152.
  • Hall, T. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95-98.
  • Hao, T., Li, B., Song, Y., Warren, A. & Pan, X. (2022). Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of two new Blepharisma species (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) from northeastern China. European Journal of Protistology, 85, 125908. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125908
  • Hirshfield, H. I., Isquith, I. R. & Bhandary, A. V. (1965). A proposed organization of the genus Blepharisma Perty and description of four new species. Journal of Protozoology, 12(1), 136-144. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01826.x
  • Isquith, I. R., Repak, A. J. & Hirshfield, H. I. (1965). Blepharisma seculum, sp. nov., a member of the subgenus (Compactum). The Journal of Protozoology, 12(4), 615-618. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb03264.x
  • Jin, D., Zhao, X., Ye, T., Huang, J., Warren, A., Al-Farraj, S. A. & Chen, X. (2021). Taxonomy and SSU rDNA-based phylogeny of two heterotrich ciliates (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea) collected from subtropical wetlands of China, including the description of a new species, Linostomella pseudovorticella n. sp. Front. Microbiol., 12, 719360. https//doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.719360
  • Kahl, A. (1932). Urtiere Oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere Order Ciliata (Infusoria). 3. Spirotricha. Tierwelt Dtl, 25, 399-650.
  • Kuikman, P. J., Van Vuure, M. M. I. & Van Veen, J. A. (1989). Effect of soil moisture regime on predation by protozoa of bacterial biomass and the release of bacterial nitrogen. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 27(1-4), 271-279. https//doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(89)90091-1
  • Lara, E. & Acosta-Mercado, D. (2012). A molecular perspective on ciliates as soil bioindicators. European Journal of Soil Biology, 49, 107-111. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2011.11.001
  • Larsen, H. F. (1982). Light microscopic observations and remarks on the ecology of Blepharisma persicinum Perty, 1849. Archiv Fur Protistenkunde, 125, 63-72. https//doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9365(82)80005-5
  • Larsen, H. F. & Nilsson, J. R. (1983). Is Blepharisma hyalinum truly unpigmented? Journal of Protozoology, 30(1), 90-97. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb01039.x
  • Larsen, H. F. & Nilsson, J. R. (1988). Observations on the ecology and morphology of Blepharisma elongatum (Stokes, 1884), Kahl, 1926). Archiv Fur Protistenkunde, 136(1), 51-63. https//doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9365(88)80035-6
  • Lee, E. S. & Shin, M. K. (2009). New record of ciliates, Blepharisma undulans and B. steini (Ciliophora: Heterotrichida: Blepharismidae) from Korea. Korean J. Syst. Zool., 25(1), 41-47. https//doi.org/10.5635/ kjsz.2009.25.1.041
  • Li, J., Li, M. G., Yang, J., Ai, Y. & Xu, R. L. (2010). Community characteristics of soil ciliates at Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou, China. Zoological Studies, 49(6), 713-723.
  • Li, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, S., Maurer-Alcala, X. X. & Yan, Y. (2022). How ciliated protists survive by cysts: some key points during encystment and excystment. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 785502. https//doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.785502
  • Liu, W., Jiang, J., Xu, Y., Pan, X., Qu, Z., Luo, X., El-Serehy, H. A., Warren, A., Ma, H. & Pan, H. (2017). Diversity of free-living marine ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora): Faunal studies in coastal waters of China during the years 2011-2016. European Journal of Protistology, 61, 424-438. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2017.04.007
  • Luo, J., Ma, M., Lu, B., Li, X., Warren, A., Shi, Y. & Chen, X. (2019). The taxonomy and phylogeny of the poorly known heterotrich ciliate Ampullofolliculina lageniformis Hadzi, 1951 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 66(6), 925-936. https//doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12743
  • Lynn, D. H. (2008). The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Lynn, D. H. & Small, E. B., (2000). Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In J. J. Lee, G. F. Leedale & P. Bradbury (Eds.), The Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa (pp. 371-656). Allen Press Inc.
  • Madoni, P. (2005). Ciliated protozoan communities and saprobic evaluation of water quality in the hilly zone of some tributaries of the Po River (northern Italy). Hydrobiologia, 541(1), 55-69. https//doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-4667-8
  • Medlin, L., Elwood, H. J., Stickel, S. & Sogin, M. L. (1988). The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene, 71, 491-499. https//doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(88)90066-2
  • Miao, M., Song, W., Clamp, J. C., Al-Rasheid, K. A., Al-Khedhairy, A. A. & Al-Arifi, S. (2009). Further consideration of the phylogeny of some "traditional" heterotrichs (Protista, Ciliophora) of uncertain affinities, based on new sequences of the small subunit rRNA gene. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 56(3), 244-250. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00391.x
  • Minh, B. Q., Schmidt, H. A., Chernomor, O., Schrempf, D., Woodhams, M. D., von Haeseler, A. & Lanfear, R. (2020). IQ-TREE 2: New models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Mol. Biol. Evol., 37(5), 1530-1534. https//doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa015
  • Minitab LLC. (2016). Minitab (Version 16.0). Retrieved from https://www.minitab.com
  • Pan, H. & Stoeck, T. (2017). Redescription of the halophile ciliate, Blepharisma halophilum Ruinen, 1938 (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea, Heterotrichida) shows that the genus Blepharisma is non-monophyletic. European Journal of Protistology, 61(Pt A), 20-28. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2017.07.004
  • Perty, M. (1849). Mikroskopische organismen der Al-pen u.d. Italienischen Schweiz. Mitt. Natureforsch, Ges, Bern.
  • Post, F. J., Borowitzka, L. J., Borowitzka, M. A., Mackay, B. & Moulton, T. (1983). The protozoa of a Western Australian hypersaline lagoon. Hydrobiologia, 105(1), 95-113. https//doi.org/10.1007/bf00025180
  • Rambaut, A., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M. A. (2018). Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using tracer 1.7. Syst Biol, 67(5), 901-904. https//doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
  • Repak, A. J. (1968). Encystment and excystment of the heterotrichous ciliate Blepharisma stoltei Isquith. Journal of Protozoology, 15(3), 407-412. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1968.tb02148.x
  • Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. A. & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61(3), 539-542. https//doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
  • Schmidt, S. L., Foissner, W., Schlegel, M. & Bernhard, D. (2007). Molecular phylogeny of the Heterotrichea (Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) based on small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 54(4), 358-363. https//doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00269.x
  • Shazib, S. U., Vďačný, P., Kim, J. H., Jang, S. W. & Shin, M. K. (2014). Phylogenetic relationships of the ciliate class Heterotrichea (Protista, Ciliophora, Postciliodesmatophora) inferred from multiple molecular markers and multifaceted analysis strategy. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 78, 118-135. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.012
  • SPSS Inc. (2006). SPSS for Windows (Version 15.0). Retrieved from https://www.spss.com
  • Stein, F. (1867). Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere nach eigenen Forschungen in systematischer Reihenfolge bear- beitet. Engelmann, Leipzig.
  • Suzuki, S. (1954). Taxonomic studies on Blepharisma undulans Stein with special reference to the macronuclear variation. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University Series B15, 204-220.
  • Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021). MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Mol Biol Evol, 38(7), 3022-3027. https//doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
  • Thamm, M., Schmidt, S. L. & Bernhard, D. (2010). Insights into the phylogeny of the genus Stentor (Heterotrichea, Ciliophora) with special emphasis on the evolution of the macronucleus based on SSU rDNA data. Acta Protozoologica, 49(3), 149-157.
  • Thompson, A. R., Powell, G. S. & Adams, B. J. (2019). Provisional checklist of terrestrial heterotrophic protists from Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 31(6), 287-303. https//doi.org/10.1017/s0954102019000361
  • Ural, H., Bircan, R., Aral, C., Yıldız, İ. & Şenler, N. G. (2020). A new approach to DNA isolation from dileptid ciliates (Ciliophora: Litostomatea: Rhynchostomatia). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 72(2), 199-205.
  • Ural, H., Şenler, N. G. & Yıldız, İ. (2023). Morphological and molecular characterization of species of genus Blepharisma Perty, 1849 and genus Frontonia ehrenberg, 1838 isolated from İğneada Longoz Forests (floodplain) National Park (Longoz of Lake Mert) (Sözlü bildiri). V. International Agricultural, Biological & Life Science Conference, Edirne, Türkiye, 18-20 September 2023, pp. 308.
  • Vďačný, P. & Foissner, W. (2012). Monograph of the dileptids (Protista, Ciliophora, Rhynchostomatia). Denisia, 31, 1-529.
  • Yan, Y., Fan, Y. B., Chen, X. R., Li, L. F., Warren, A., Al-Farraj, S. A. & Song, W. B. (2016). Taxonomy and phylogeny of three heterotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora), with description of a new Blepharisma species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177(2), 320-334. https//doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12369
  • Ye, T. T., Zhao, X. T., Chi, Y., Zheng, B. H., Zhang, H., Huang, J., Warren, A. & Chen, X. R. (2021). Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two marine folliculinid ciliates found in China (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea). Journal of Ocean University of China, 20(4), 959-972. https//doi.org/10.1007/s11802-021-4965-z
  • Yıldız, İ. (2021). Morphology and phylogeny of a new soil ciliate, Colpodidium zelihayildizae n. sp. (Ciliophora, Nassophorea, Colpodidiidae), from Van, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 45, 304-313. https//doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2101-20
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mikrobiyal Genetik, Mikrobiyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Naciye Gülkız Şenler 0000-0002-5035-0880

İsmail Yıldız 0000-0001-9986-0358

Hilal Ural 0009-0004-9928-7626

Rıfat Bircan 0000-0001-5291-8620

Proje Numarası TÜBİTAK 221Z208
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Şenler, N. G., Yıldız, İ., Ural, H., Bircan, R. (2025). Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Blepharisma hyalinum Perty, 1849 (Ciliophora, Heterotrichida) Isolated from Soil. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(4), 914-929. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1590418
 Kapak Resmi İndir

21082



2022-JIF = 0.500

2022-JCI = 0.170

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International Peer Reviewed Journal)

       Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)

      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


88x31.png 

Bu web sitesi Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

                 


Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi
e-ISSN: 2619-9149