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Influences of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Culture Media on Micropropagation of Native Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Population from Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 1071 - 1082

Cennet Yaman , Güngör Yılmaz , Serkan Uranbey

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1596868

Öz

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have historically been the standard for supplemental lighting in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) cultivation in a greenhouse, but there is a lack of scientific understanding in C. sativa regarding different media under various LEDs in vitro conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the top-performing LEDs and nutrient media for micropropagation of C. sativa. In this study, two different spectra (white and red LEDs) and different media [MS, B5, MS+B5, ½ MS, ½ B5, ½ MS + ½ B5, and control (without medium)] were used, maintaining constant light photoperiod. The diversity of light spectra and nutrient media showed statistically significant differences for the growth parameters of C. sativa. Red LED provided an extraordinarily high shoot length of 7.37 cm, whereas white LED exhibited the highest root length with 6.57 cm. Also, nutrient media were found to be effective on shoot growth in full-strength media, while on root growth in half-strength media. Among the plant growth parameters, the number of shoots and nodes per plant is of great importance for clonal propagation. B5 medium under red LED provided an extraordinarily high shoot number with 4.64, whereas MS medium under white LED exhibited the highest node number with 5.87. Each LED source required the respective medium adjustment for the best results of the desired parameters. In this respect, the study may be advantageous for the selection of the appropriate nutrient medium and led spectrum in micropropagation of C. sativa.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Micropropagation Industrial hemp Cannabis sativa Red LED Culture media

Etik Beyan

The authors of the articles declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Teşekkür

The authors are grateful to the Hemp Research Institute of Yozgat Bozok University in Türkiye for helping to procure the seeds.

Kaynakça

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Türkiye'deki Yerel Kenevir (Cannabis sativa) Popülasyonunun Mikroçoğaltımı Üzerinde Işık Yayan Diyotların (LED'ler) ve Kültür Ortamlarının Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4, 1071 - 1082

Cennet Yaman , Güngör Yılmaz , Serkan Uranbey

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1596868

Öz

Işık yayan diyotlar (LED'ler), tarihsel olarak serada endüstriyel kenevir (Cannabis sativa) yetiştiriciliğinde ek aydınlatma için standart olmuştur, ancak C. sativa'da in vitro koşullarında çeşitli LED'ler altında farklı ortamlar konusunda bilimsel anlayış eksikliği vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, C. sativa'nın mikro çoğaltılması için en iyi performans gösteren LED'leri ve besin ortamlarını belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada, sabit ışık fotoperiyodu korunarak iki farklı spektrum (beyaz ve kırmızı LED'ler) ve farklı ortamlar [MS, B5, MS + B5, ½ MS, ½ B5, ½ MS + ½ B5 ve kontrol (ortamsız)] kullanıldı. Işık spektrumlarının ve besin ortamlarının çeşitliliği, C. sativa'nın büyüme paarametreleri için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdi. Kırmızı LED, 7,37 cm ile olağanüstü yüksek bir sürgün uzunluğu sağlarken, beyaz LED 6,57 cm ile en yüksek kök uzunluğunu sergiledi. Ayrıca, besin ortamlarının tam güçteki ortamlarda sürgün büyümesinde, yarı güçteki ortamlarda ise kök büyümesinde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bitki büyüme parametreleri arasında, bitki başına sürgün ve nod sayıları klonal çoğaltım için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Kırmızı LED altında B5 ortamı 4.64 ile olağanüstü yüksek bir sürgün sayısı sağlarken, beyaz LED altında MS ortamı 5.87 ile en yüksek nod sayısını sergilemiştir. İstenilen parametrelerin en iyi sonuçları için her bir LED kaynağı ilgili ortam ayarlamasını gerektirmiştir. Bu açıdan, çalışma C. sativa'nın mikroçoğaltımında uygun besin ortamının ve LED spektrumunun seçilmesi için avantajlı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstriyel kenevir Kırmızı LED Beyaz LED Kültür ortamı Cannabis sativa

Kaynakça

  • Abdalla, N., El-Ramady, H., Seliem, M. K., El-Mahrouk, M. E., Taha, N., Bayoumi, Y., ... & Dobránszki, J. (2022). An academic and technical overview on plant micropropagation challenges. Horticulturae, 8(8), 677.
  • Adhikary, D., Kulkarni, M., El-Mezawy, A., Mobini, S., Elhiti, M., Gjuric, R., ... & Bhowmik, P. (2021). Medical cannabis and industrial hemp tissue culture: present status and future potential. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 627240.
  • Akıncı, A. O., & Karaman, S. (2024). Effects of Hemp Fibers on Durability and Strength Properties of Concrete to be Used in Agricultural Buildings. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(3), 635-643.
  • Anonym, 2016. Government of Canada. Understanding the New Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations. 2016. Available online: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/drugs-health-products/understanding-new-access-to-cannabis-for-medical-purposes-regulations.html. Accessed 2021, Sept.
  • Azmi, N. S., Ahmad, R., & Ibrahim, R. (2016). Fluorescent light (FL), red led and blue led spectrums effects on in vitro shoots multiplication. Jurnal Teknologi, 78(6-6).
  • Bantis, F., Smirnakou, S., Ouzounis, T., Koukounaras, A., Ntagkas, N., & Radoglou, K. (2018). Current status and recent achievements in the field of horticulture with the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Scientia Horticulturae, 235, 437-451.
  • Bonini, S. A., Premoli, M., Tambaro, S., Kumar, A., Maccarinelli, G., Memo, M., & Mastinu, A. (2018). Cannabis sativa: A comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a medicinal plant with a long history. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 227, 300-315.
  • Campbell, L. G., Naraine, S. G., & Dusfresne, J. (2019). Phenotypic plasticity influences the success of clonal propagation in industrial pharmaceutical Cannabis sativa. PloS one, 14(3), e0213434.
  • Caplan, D., Stemeroff, J., Dixon, M., & Zheng, Y. (2018). Vegetative propagation of cannabis by stem cuttings: effects of leaf number, cutting position, rooting hormone, and leaf tip removal. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 98(5), 1126-1132.
  • Casal, J. J. (2013). Photoreceptor signaling networks in plant responses to shade. Annual review of plant Biology, 64(1), 403-427.
  • Ceyhan, V., Türkten, H., Yıldırım, Ç., & Canan, S. (2022). Economic viability of industrial hemp production in Turkey. Industrial Crops and Products, 176, 114354.
  • Chandra, S., Lata, H., ElSohly, M. A., Walker, L. A., & Potter, D. (2017). Cannabis cultivation: methodological issues for obtaining medical-grade product. Epilepsy & Behavior, 70, 302-312.
  • Chaohua, C., Gonggu, Z., Lining, Z., Chunsheng, G., Qing, T., Jianhua, C., ... & Jianguang, S. (2016). A rapid shoot regeneration protocol from the cotyledons of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 83, 61-65.
  • Clarke, R. C., & Merlin, M. D. (2016). Cannabis domestication, breeding history, present-day genetic diversity, and future prospects. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 35(5-6), 293-327.
  • Davis, P. A., & Burns, C. (2016). Photobiology in protected horticulture. Food and Energy Security, 5(4), 223-238.
  • dos Reis Oliveira, T., Aragão, V. P. M., Moharana, K. C., Fedosejevs, E., do Amaral, F. P., Sousa, K. R., ... & Santa-Catarina, C. (2020). Light spectra affect the in vitro shoot development of Cedrela fissilis Vell.(Meliaceae) by changing the protein profile and polyamine contents. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics, 1868(12), 140529.
  • Driver, J. A., & Kuniyuki, A. H. (1984). In vitro propagation of Paradox walnut rootstock. HortScience, 19(4), 507-509.
  • Esposito, L. G., Overbaugh, E., Xiong, J., Rathinasabapathy, T., Komarnytsky, S., da Silva, D. J. H., & Esposito, D. A. (2021). Immune responses are differentially regulated by root, stem, leaf, and flower extracts of female and male CBD hemp (cannabis sativa L.) plants. Immuno, 1(4), 369-379.
  • Fike, J. H., Darby, H., Johnson, B. L., Smart, L., & Williams, D. W. (2020). Industrial hemp in the USA: a brief synopsis bt- sustainable agriculture reviews 42: hemp production and applications; Crini, G., Lichtfouse, E., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, pp. 89–109.
  • Gamborg, O. L., Miller, R., & Ojima, K. (1968). Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Experimental Cell Research, 50(1), 151-158.
  • Garcia, R., Pacheco, G., Falcao, E., Borges, G., & Mansur, E. (2011). Influence of type of explant, plant growth regulators, salt composition of basal medium, and light on callogenesis and regeneration in Passiflora suberosa L.(Passifloraceae). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 106, 47-54.
  • Gnasekaran, P., Rahman, Z. A., Chew, B. L., Appalasamy, S., Mariappan, V., & Subramaniam, S. (2021). Development of micropropagation system of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade using different spectrum light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation. Industrial Crops and Products, 170, 113748.
  • Greenway, M. B., Phillips, I. C., Lloyd, M. N., Hubstenberger, J. F., & Phillips, G. C. (2012). A nutrient medium for diverse applications and tissue growth of plant species in vitro. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 48, 403-410.
  • Hawley, D., Graham, T., Stasiak, M., & Dixon, M. (2018). Improving cannabis bud quality and yield with subcanopy lighting. HortScience, 53(11), 1593-1599.
  • He, J., Qi, T., Yang, J., Xu, Q., Zou, L., & Ma, Y. (2023). Development of an efficient micropropagation protocol for Nematanthus wettsteinii using leaf and shoot-tip explants. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 59(6), 783-791.
  • Hung, C. D., Hong, C. H., Kim, S. K., Lee, K. H., Park, J. Y., Nam, M. W., ... & Lee, H. I. (2016). LED light for in vitro and ex vitro efficient growth of economically important highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 38, 1-9.
  • Iacona, C., & Muleo, R. (2010). Light quality affects in vitro adventitious rooting and ex vitro performance of cherry rootstock Colt. Scientia Horticulturae, 125(4), 630-636.
  • Ioannidis, K., Tomprou, I., Panayiotopoulou, D., Boutsios, S., & Daskalakou, E. N. (2023). Potential and Constraints on In Vitro Micropropagation of Juniperus drupacea Labill. Forests, 14(1), 142.
  • Islam, M. J., Ryu, B. R., Azad, M. O. K., Rahman, M. H., Rana, M. S., Kang, C. W., ... & Lim, Y. S. (2021a). Comparative growth, photosynthetic pigments, and osmolytes analysis of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seedlings under an aeroponics system with different LED light sources. Horticulturae, 7(8), 239.
  • Islam, M., Ryu, B. R., Azad, M., Kalam, O., Rahman, M., Cheong, E. J., ... & Lim, Y. S. (2021b). Cannabinoids Accumulation in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Plants under LED Light Spectra and Their Discrete Role as a Stress Marker. Biology 2021; 10 (8), 710.
  • Jenkins, M. W., & Livesay, C. B. (2021). Photosynthetic performance and potency of cannabis sativa l. grown under LED and HPS illumination. Agricultural Sciences, 12(03):293-304
  • Joo, S. J., Yoon, A. R., Kim, Y. G., Moon, B. C., Komakech, R., & Kang, Y. (2019). In vitro propagation of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. through nodal segment shoot proliferation. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 55, 702-709.
  • Khurshid, R., Ullah, M. A., Tungmunnithum, D., Drouet, S., Shah, M., Zaeem, A., ... & Abbasi, B. H. (2020). Lights triggered differential accumulation of antioxidant and antidiabetic secondary metabolites in callus culture of Eclipta alba L. PlosOne, 15(6), e0233963.
  • Lata, H., Chandra, S., Khan, I., & ElSohly, M. A. (2009). Thidiazuron-induced high-frequency direct shoot organogenesis of Cannabis sativa L. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 45, 12-19.
  • Lata, H., Chandra, S., Techen, N., Khan, I. A., & ElSohly, M. A. (2010). Assessment of the genetic stability of micropropagated plants of Cannabis sativa by ISSR markers. Planta Medica, 76(01), 97-100.
  • Lata, H., Chandra, S., Techen, N., Khan, I. A., & ElSohly, M. A. (2016). In vitro mass propagation of Cannabis sativa L.: A protocol refinement using novel aromatic cytokinin meta-topolin and the assessment of eco-physiological, biochemical and genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 3(1), 18-26.
  • Liu, Y., Liu, H. Y., Li, S. H., Ma, W., Wu, D. T., Li, H. B., ... & Gan, R. Y. (2022). Cannabis sativa bioactive compounds and their extraction, separation, purification, and identification technologies: An updated review. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 149, 116554.
  • Livadariu, O. A. N. A., Raiciu, D., Maximilian, C., & Căpitanu, E. (2019). Studies regarding treatments of LED-s emitted light on sprouting hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Rom Biotechnol Lett, 24(3), 485-490.
  • Lloyd, G., & McCown, B. (1980). Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. International Plant Propagator’s Society, 30:421-427.
  • Mark, T., Shepherd, J., Olson, D., Snell, W., Proper, S., & Thornsbury, S. (2020). Economic viability of industrial hemp in the United States: a review of state pilot programs. Economic Information Bulletin, 217.
  • Matysiak B. & Kowalski, A. (2019). White, blue and red LED lighting on growth, morphology and accumulation of flavonoid compounds in leafy greens. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 106(3).
  • Mengxi, L., Zhigang, X., Yang, Y., & Yijie, F. (2011). Effects of different spectral lights on Oncidium PLBs induction, proliferation, and plant regeneration. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 106, 1-10.
  • Meyad, C., Henkrar, F., Bouhaddou, N., & Khabar, L. (2023). Micropropagation of Quercus spp., complications and solutions—an overview. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 59(4), 446-460.
  • Miladinova-Georgieva, K., Geneva, M., Stancheva, I., Petrova, M., Sichanova, M., & Kirova, E. (2022). Effects of different elicitors on micropropagation, biomass and secondary metabolite production of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni—A review. Plants, 12(1), 153.
  • Miler, N., Kulus, D., Woźny, A., Rymarz, D., Hajzer, M., Wierzbowski, K., ... & Szeffs, L. (2019). Application of wide-spectrum light-emitting diodes in micropropagation of popular ornamental plant species: A study on plant quality and cost reduction. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 55, 99-108.
  • Morello, V., Brousseau, V. D., Wu, N., Wu, B. S., MacPherson, S., & Lefsrud, M. (2022). Light quality impacts vertical growth rate, phytochemical yield and cannabinoid production efficiency in Cannabis sativa. Plants, 11(21), 2982.
  • Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia plantarum, 15(3).
  • Nacheva, L., Dimitrova, N., Koleva-Valkova, L., Tarakanov, I., & Vassilev, A. (2021). Effect of led lighting on the growth of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plants in vitro. Agricultural Sciences/Agrarni Nauki, 13(29).
  • Nam, N. B., Tung, H. T., Tanaka, M., & Nhut, D. T. (2022). Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in Plant Regeneration, Growth, and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation. In Plant Tissue Culture: New Techniques and Application in Horticultural Species of Tropical Region (pp. 167-189). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
  • Namdar, D., Charuvi, D., Ajjampura, V., Mazuz, M., Ion, A., Kamara, I., & Koltai, H. (2019). LED lighting affects the composition and biological activity of Cannabis sativa secondary metabolites. Industrial Crops and Products, 132, 177-185.
  • Özyalın, S., & Yaman, C. (2023). Tıbbi Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis)'nın İn vitro Çoğaltımı Üzerine Temel Besin Ortamlarının ve Büyüme Düzenleyici Tiplerinin Etkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(3), 600-609.
  • Page, S. R. G., Monthony, A. S., & Jones, A. M. P. (2020). Basal media optimization for the micropropagation and callogenesis of Cannabis sativa L. BioRxiv, 1, 1-23.
  • Page, S. R., Monthony, A. S., & Jones, A. M. P. (2021). DKW basal salts improve micropropagation and callogenesis compared with MS basal salts in multiple commercial cultivars of Cannabis sativa. Botany, 99(5), 269-279.
  • Papafotiou, M., Vlachou, G., & Martini, A. N. (2023). Investigation of the Effects of the Explant Type and Different Plant Growth Regulators on Micropropagation of Five Mediterranean Salvia spp. Native to Greece. Horticulturae, 9(1), 96.
  • Phillips, G. C., & Garda, M. (2019). Plant tissue culture media and practices: an overview. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 55, 242-257.
  • Schilling, S., Melzer, R., Dowling, C. A., Shi, J., Muldoon, S., & McCabe, P. F. (2023). A protocol for rapid generation cycling (speed breeding) of hemp (Cannabis sativa) for research and agriculture. The Plant Journal, 113(3), 437-445.
  • Shulgina, A. A., Kalashnikova, E. A., Tarakanov, I. G., Kirakosyan, R. N., Cherednichenko, M. Y., Polivanova, O. B., ... & Khaliluev, M. R. (2021). Influence of light conditions and medium composition on morphophysiological characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro and in vivo. Horticulturae, 7(7), 195.
  • Silva-Navas, J., Moreno-Risueno, M. A., Manzano, C., Téllez-Robledo, B., Navarro-Neila, S., Carrasco, V., ... & Del Pozo, J. C. (2016). Flavonols mediate root phototropism and growth through regulation of proliferation-to-differentiation transition. The Plant Cell, 28(6), 1372-1387.
  • Smýkalová, I., Vrbová, M., Cvečková, M., Plačková, L., Žukauskaitė, A., Zatloukal, M., ... & Griga, M. (2019). The effects of novel synthetic cytokinin derivatives and endogenous cytokinins on the in vitro growth responses of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) explants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 139, 381-394.
  • Suraya, A. A., Misran, A., & Hakiman, M. (2021). The efficient and easy micropropagation protocol of Phyllanthus niruri. Plants, 10(10), 2141.
  • Wang, R., He, L. S., Xia, B., Tong, J. F., Li, N., & Peng, F. (2009). A micropropagation system for cloning of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by shoot tip culture. Pak. J. Bot, 41(2), 603-608.
  • Wei, X., Zhao, X., Long, S., Xiao, Q., Guo, Y., Qiu, C., ... & Wang, Y. (2021). Wavelengths of LED light affect the growth and cannabidiol content in Cannabis sativa L. Industrial Crops and Products, 165, 113433.
  • Wojtania, A., Matysiak, B., Mieszczakowska-Frąc, M., Nowak, J. S., & Szwejda-Grzybowska, J. (2023). Responses of Micropropagated Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum) Plantlets to Different Growing Media and Light Conditions in the Greenhouse. Agriculture, 13(4), 890.
  • Wróbel, T., Dreger, M., Wielgus, K., & Słomski, R. (2022). Modified nodal cuttings and shoot tips protocol for rapid regeneration of Cannabis sativa L. Journal of Natural Fibers, 19(2), 536-545.
  • Xue, Y., Hiti-Bandaralage, J. C. A., & Mitter, N. (2023). Micropropagation of Duboisia species: A review on current status. Agronomy, 13(3), 797.
  • Yadav, S., Nagaraja, T. E., Lohithaswa, H. C., & Shivakumar, K. V. (2020). Effect of temperature, humidity and light intensity on micropropagated sugarcane (Saccharum Species Hybrid) genotypes. Sugar Tech, 22(2), 226-231.
  • Yuanchun M.A, Xu A. & Cheng Z.M. (2021). Effects of light emitting diode lights on plant growth, development and traits a meta-analysis. Horticultural Plant Journal, 7(6), 552-564.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bitki Biyoteknolojisi, Tarımsal Biyoteknoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Cennet Yaman 0000-0002-2364-8171

Güngör Yılmaz 0000-0003-0070-5484

Serkan Uranbey 0000-0002-0312-8099

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 17 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Yaman, C., Yılmaz, G., & Uranbey, S. (2025). Influences of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Culture Media on Micropropagation of Native Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Population from Türkiye. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(4), 1071-1082. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1596868
 Kapak Resmi İndir

21082



2022-JIF = 0.500

2022-JCI = 0.170

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International Peer Reviewed Journal)

       Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)

      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


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