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Identification of Seed and Soil-Borne Fungal Disease Agents in Okra Plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and Characterization of Biological Control Possibilities with Antagonist Bacterial Isolates

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 6, 1427 - 1444

Gizem Tangül , Soner Soylu

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1720941

Öz

The main objectives of this study were to (i) identify the seed- and soil-borne fungal pathogens of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) grown in the Hatay province of Türkiye, (ii) determine the in vitro biocontrol potential of bacterial isolates (BCAs) from healthy okra and closely related plants against common fungal pathogens, and (iii) characterize the antagonistic and plant growth-promoting (PGP) mechanisms involved in pathogen suppression and plant growth. Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Fusarium oxysporum were determined as the most common soil and seed-borne disease agents on diseased seeds and plants. A total of 36 different endophytic and epiphytic bacterial isolates were selected and identified using MALDI-TOF MS, and their antagonistic potentials to inhibit mycelial growth of R. solani, M. phaseolina, S. sclerotiorum, and F. oxysporum were characterized in dual culture tests. Among BCA bacterial isolates, Bacillus cereus B1ep, B. cereus B2ep, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B3ep, B. cereus B11ep, and B. subtilis B12ep displayed high levels (≥70%) of antagonistic activity against all fungal agents tested. Enterobacter cloacae B10ep was identified as the highest siderophore producer, Microbacterium maritypicum X5 as the highest protease enzyme producer, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B3ep, and different Bacillus spp. as isolates producing hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia at the highest level. The suppression of mycelial growth was suggested to be associated with one or more antagonistic mechanisms. Enterobacter bugandensis B7ep was identified as the highest Indole-3 Acetic Acid (IAA) producer, and B. cereus P7en was identified as the most efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterial isolate. In conclusion, BCA isolates belonging to Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp., which demonstrated strong antagonistic and PGP activities, have the potential to be developed as biopreparations against soil and seed-borne disease agents in okra plants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Okra Biological control Fungal disease Antagonist MALDI-TOF MS

Etik Beyan

Authors have declared no conflict of interest

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific Research Projects Commission of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Proje Numarası

HMKU BAP 21.YL.046

Teşekkür

This study was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Commission of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University (Project No: 21.YL.046)

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Bamya Bitkisinde (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Tohum ve Toprak Kaynaklı Fungal Hastalık Etmenlerinin Tanılanması ve Antagonist Bakteri İzolatları ile Biyolojik Mücadele Olanaklarının Karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 6, 1427 - 1444

Gizem Tangül , Soner Soylu

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1720941

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amaçları, (i) Türkiye'nin Hatay ilinde yetiştirilen hastalıklı bamya (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) bitkilerinin tohum ve toprak kaynaklı fungal patojenlerini tanımlamak, (ii) sağlıklı bamya ve yakın akraba bitkilerden elde edilen epifitik ve endofitik biyokontrol etmeni bakteri izolatlarının (BCA) yaygın fungal patojenlere karşı in vitro biyokontrol potansiyellerini belirlemek ve (iii) patojen baskılanmasında ve bitki gelişiminde rol oynayan antagonistik ve bitki büyümesini teşvik edici (PGP) özellikleri karakterize etmektir. Hasta bitkilerden ve tohumlarından yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda en yaygın toprak ve tohum kaynaklı fungal hastalık etmenler Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ve Fusarium oxysporum, olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam 36 farklı endofitik ve epifitik bakteri izolatı seçilmiş, MALDI-TOF MS ile tanımlanmış ve R. solani, M. phaseolina, S. sclerotiorum ve F. oxysporum'un misel büyümesini engellemedeki antagonistik potansiyelleri ikili kültür testleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. BCA bakteri izolatları arasında Bacillus cereus B1ep, B. cereus B2ep, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B3ep, B cereus B11ep ve B. subtilis B12ep, test edilen tüm fungal hastalık etmenlerine karşı yüksek düzeyde (≥%70) antagonistik etkinlik göstermiştir. Enterobacter cloacae B10ep en yüksek siderofor üreticisi, Microbacterium maritypicum X5 en yüksek proteaz enzimi üreticisi, P. aeruginosa B3ep ve farklı Bacillus spp. ise en yüksek düzeyde hidrojen siyanür (HCN) ve amonyak üreten izolatlar olarak tanımlanmıştır. Misel büyümesinin baskılanmasında bir veya daha fazla antagonistik mekanizma ile ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Enterobacter bugandensis B7ep en yüksek Indol-3 Asetik Asit (IAA) üreticisi, B. cereus P7en ise en etkili fosfor çözen bakteri izolatı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, güçlü antagonistik ve PGP aktiviteleri gösteren Bacillus ve Pseudomonas spp. türlerine ait BCA bakteri izolatları, bamya bitkilerinde toprak ve tohum kaynaklı hastalık etkenlerine karşı biyolojik preparat olarak geliştirilme potansiyeline sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bamya Biyolojik mücadele Fungal hastalık Antagonist MALDI-TOF MS

Etik Beyan

Authors have declared no conflict of interest

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific Research Projects Commission of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University

Proje Numarası

HMKU BAP 21.YL.046

Teşekkür

This study was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Commission of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University (Project No: 21.YL.046)

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  • Okwu, D. E., Awurum, A. N., & Okoronkwo, J. I. (2007). Phytochemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity screening of extracts from citrus plants against Fusarium oxysporum of okra plant (Hibiscus esculentus). African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(7), 862–865. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2007.000-2119
  • Oluma, H. O. A., & Nwankiti, A. O. (2000). Macrophomina phaseolina dry root and fruit rot of okra in Nigeria. African Plant Protection, 6(1), 55–56. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10233121_113
  • Palaniyandi, S.A., Yang, S.H., Zhang, L. et al. (2013). Effects of actinobacteria on plant disease suppression and growth promotion. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97, 9621–9636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5206-1
  • Parnell, J.J., Berka, R., Young, H.A., Sturino, J.M., Kang, Y., Barnhart, D.M., & DiLeo, M.V. (2016). From the Lab to the Farm: An Industrial Perspective of Plant Beneficial Microorganisms. Frontiers in Plant Science,7, 1110. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01110
  • Patten, C. L., & Glick, B. R. (2002). Role of Pseudomonas putida indole acetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(8), 3795–3801. https://doi.org/10.1128/ AEM. 68.8.3795-3801.2002
  • Pegg, G. F., & Brady, B. L. (2002). Verticillium wilts. CABI Publishing.
  • Perneel, M., Heyrman, J., Adiobo, A., De Maeyer, K., Raaijmakers, J. M., De Vos, P., & Höfte, M. (2007). Characterization of CMR5c and CMR12a, novel fluorescent Pseudomonas strains from the cocoyam rhizosphere with biocontrol activity. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103(4), 1007–1020. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03345.x
  • Prova, A., Akanda, A. M., Islam, S., & Hossain, M. M. (2017). First report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing pod rot disease on okra in Bangladesh. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 39(1), 72–76. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/07060661.2017.1304255
  • Qu, Q., Shiwei, L., Liu, N., & Liu Y. (2021). First report of Pythium aphanidermatum causing stalk rot on Abelmoschus manihot (l. ) medic in China. Plant Disease, 106(2), 771. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1133-PDN
  • Rai, A. K., Das, H., & Basu, A. K. (2019). Response of Bio-priming in okra for vegetable production. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 11(3), 687–693. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i3.2125
  • Rama, A. A., & Naik, L. K. (2017). Effect of Biocontrol Agents and PGPRs on Growth and Yield of Okra under in vitro condition. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51(2), 347–353.
  • Rosenblueth, M., & Martínez-Romero, E. (2006). Bacterial endophytes and their interactions with hosts. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 19(8), 827–837. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-19-0827
  • Şahin, B., Soylu, S., Kara, M., Türkmen, M., Aydin, R., & Çetin, H. (2021). Superior antibacterial activity against seed-borne plant bacterial disease agents and enhanced physical properties of novel green synthesized nanostructured ZnO using Thymbra spicata plant extract. Ceramics International, 47, 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.08.139
  • Santoyo, G., Moreno-Hagelsieb, G., Orozco-Mosqueda, M. C., & Glick, B. R. (2016). Plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes. Microbiological Research, 183, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2015.11.008
  • Schippers, B., Bakker, A.W., Bakker, P.A.H.M. et al. (1990). Beneficial and deleterious effects of HCN-producing pseudomonads on rhizosphere interactions. Plant Soil, 129, 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00011693
  • Schwyn, B., & Neilands, J. B. (1987). Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores. Analytical Biochemistry, 160(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90612-9
  • Sena, L., Mica, E., Valè, G., Vaccino, P., & Pecchioni, N. (2024). Exploring the potential of endophyte-plant interactions for improving crop sustainable yields in a changing climate. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1349401. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1349401.
  • Sertkaya, E., Kaya, K., & Soylu, S. (2010). Acaricidal activities of the essential oils from several medicinal plants against the carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Industrial Crops and Products, 31, 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.09.009
  • Shi, Y. X., Zhang, X. H., Zhao, Q., & Li, B. J. (2019). First report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on okra in China. Plant Disease, 103(5), 1023. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-18-1980-PDN
  • Singh, J., Singh, P., Vaishnav, A., Ray, S., Rajput, R. S., Singh, S. M., & Singh, H. B. (2021). Belowground fungal volatiles perception in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) facilitates plant growth under biotic stress. Microbiological Research, 246, 126708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2021.126708
  • Sitara, U., Abid, M., Hussain, F., Riazi, S., & Anwar, F. (2020). Pattern of post-harvest fungal infestation on vegetables stored in various vegetable markets of Karachi. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 52(5), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.30848/PJB2020-5(36)
  • Sneh, B., Burpee, L., & Ogoshi, A. (1994). Identification of Rhizoctonia species. APS Press.
  • Soylu, E.M., Kurt, Ş., & Soylu, S. (2010). In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato grey mould disease agent Botrytis cinerea. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 143, 183-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.08.015
  • Soylu, S., Kara, M., Soylu, E. M., Uysal, A., & Kurt, Ş. (2023). First report of powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii on okra in Türkiye. Journal of Plant Pathology, 105, 1231. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s42161-023-01365-6
  • Soylu, S., Kara, M., Türkmen, M., & Şahin, B. (2022). Synergistic effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil on the antibacterial activities of Ag- and Cu-substituted ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) against food, human and plant pathogenic bacterial disease agents. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 146, 110103. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110103
  • Soylu, S., Kara, M., Uysal, A., Kurt, Ş., & Soylu, E. M. (2021). Determination of antagonistic potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from lettuce against lettuce white mould disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 108(3), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.039
  • Stein, T. (2005). Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: structures, syntheses and specific functions. Molecular Microbiology, 56(4), 845–857. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04587.x
  • Sturz, A. V., Christie, B. R., & Nowak, J. (2000). Bacterial endophytes: Potential role in developing sustainable systems of crop production. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 19(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/07352680091139169
  • Sultana, N., Khanzada, K. A., Akhtar, J., & Azeem, M. T. (2019). Eco-friendly approaches for the control of root rot, wilt and leaf spot diseases of okra. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 16(2), 421–424.
  • Sun, Y., Cheng, Z., & Glick, B. R. (2009). The presence of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase deletion mutation alters the physiology of the endophytic plant growth-promoting bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 296(1), 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01625.x
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  • Türkmen, M., Kara, M., Maral, H., & Soylu, S. (2022). Determination of chemical component of essential oil of Origanum dubium plants grown at different altitudes and antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46, e15787. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.15787
  • Urooj, F., Farhat, H., Tariq, A., Moin, S., Sohail, N., Sultana, V., Hameedi, S. F., Shams, Z. I., & Ehteshamul-Haque, S. (2020). Role of endophytic Penicillium species and Pseudomonas monteilii in inducing systemic resistance in okra against root rotting fungi and their effect on physiochemical properties of okra fruit. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 130(2), 604–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14812
  • Vazquez, P., Holguin, G., Puente, M. E., Lopez-Cortes, A., & Bashan, Y. (2000). Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere of mangroves in a semiarid coastal lagoon. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 30(5), 460–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050024
  • Yang, X., Zhang, L., Xiang, Y., Du, L., Huang, X., & Liu, Y. (2020). Comparative transcriptome analysis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum reveals its response mechanisms to the biological control agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 5071. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61962-8
  • Zhai, W. B., Zhang, M. Z., Gao, H., Meng, J., Shi, J. Y., Zhang, W. W., & Qi, F. J. (2019). Occurrence of Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in North China. Plant Disease, 103(6), 1413. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-18-2039-PDN
Toplam 98 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Fitopatoloji
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Gizem Tangül 0000-0002-3214-5242

Soner Soylu 0000-0003-1002-8958

Proje Numarası HMKU BAP 21.YL.046
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 14 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Tangül, G., & Soylu, S. (2025). Identification of Seed and Soil-Borne Fungal Disease Agents in Okra Plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and Characterization of Biological Control Possibilities with Antagonist Bacterial Isolates. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(6), 1427-1444. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1720941
 Kapak Resmi İndir

21082



2022-JIF = 0.500

2022-JCI = 0.170

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International Peer Reviewed Journal)

       Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)

      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


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