Öz
Abstract
Some parturition traits and foal behaviors of Thoroughbred horses
This study has been performed to determine the behavioural characteristics of some births and some of the factors that affect them for Throughbred mares. The research has been carried out in Adana Yavuz Star Farm between the years 2021-2022 and several characteristics of a total of 63 head mares and their foals were followed. In the study, it has been determined that the average live weight (LW) was 499,27±3,68 kg, the time of birth was 14,63±1,28 min, colostrum percentage was 23.81±0.69 min, the expelling time for placental partner was 126,57±28,92 and the placental weight was 6,47±20 kg. It has been concluded that the incidence of deliveries increased between 18.00 and 24.00 (36,51%) and the effect of birth year and time (night, day) has an significant effect on the birth duration. The average birth weight of foals, the time to stand up and the time to the first suckling was 54,34, 1,01 kg, 87,19±7,92 and 114,24±11,96 min, respectively. It was concluded that the all of the factors that have been examined has a significant effect on the time of the first stand (P˂0,05; 0,05; 0,01, respectively). The result of the study indicates the effect of examined factors on the time of the first stand up and the time until the first suckling in the foals.This study has been performed to determine the behavioral characteristics of some births and some of the factors that affect them for Thoroughbred mares. The research has been carried out at Adana Yavuz Star Farm between the years 2021-2022 and several characteristics of a total of 63 head mares and their foals were followed. In the study, it has been determined that the average live weight (LW) was 499.27±3.68 kg, the time of birth was 14.63±1.28 min, colostrum density was 23.81±0.69 min, the expelling time for placental partner was 126.57±28.92 min, and the placental weight was 6.47±20 kg. It has been concluded that the incidence of deliveries increased between 18.00 and 24.00 (36.5%), and the effect of birth year and time (night, day) has a significant effect on the birth duration (P=0.004; P = 0.010). The average birth weight of foals, the time to stand up, and the time to the first suckling were 54.34±1.01 kg, 87.19±7.92, and 114.24±11.96 min, respectively. It was concluded that all examined factors have a significant effect on the time of the first stand (P=0.018; P=0.027; P=0.032; P=0.005; P=0.004). As a result, the time to first stand up and suck in foals is affected by gender and birth time; in addition, the high frequency of blood incompatibility, poor colostrum quality, and prolonged throwing out of the placenta have been determined.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Blood Incompatibility Stand Up First Sucking Time Birth Time Colostrum Density
Kaynakça
- Anonim 2023, Examining the Mare’s Placenta and Keeping Foaling Records, https://www.ontario.ca/ page/examining-mares-placenta-and-keeping-foaling-records
- Aoki, T., Chiba, A., Itoh, M., Nambo, Y., Yamagishi, N., Shibano, K. I., & Cheong, S. H. (2020). Colostral and Foal Serum Immunoglobulin G Levels and Associations with Perinatal Abnormalities in Heavy Draft Horses in Japan. Journal of Equine Science, 31(2), 29-34.
- Arpacık, R. (1999). At Yetiştiriciliği. Şahin Matbaası Ankara, Isbn 975-95817-0-1.
- Byars, D. T., & Simon, B. W. (2011). Peri-parturient Management of the Mare and Neonate. Equine Reproduction, 1, 111.
- de Castro, L. L. D., Abrahão, C. L., Antunes, J., Pritsch, I., & Molento, M. B. (2021). Body Development from Birth to 18 Months of Age of Thoroughbred Foals in Brazil. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 11, 352-362.
- de Sobral, G. G., Neto, O. C. G., da Silva, A. M., & Carneiro, G. F. (2021). Evaluation of Optical Refractometer for Assessing Failure of Transfer of Passive Immunity in Foals. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 106, 103758.
- Dwyer, C.M., & e Morgan, C.A. (2006). Maintenance of Body Temparature in the Neonatal Lamb: Effects of Breed, Birth Weight and Litter Size Journal of Animal Science, 84, 1093-1101.
- Elliott, C., Morton, J., & Chopin, J. (2009). Factors affecting foal birth weight in Thoroughbred horses. Theriogenology, 71(4), 683-689.
- Güngör, Ö. F., Ünal, N., Özbeyaz, C., & Akçapınar, H. (2022). The Effects of Some Factors on the time to First Successful Stand Up and Sucking of Native Lambs After Parturition. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(5), 333.
- Güngör, Ö. F., & Ünal, N. (2017). Some Production and Behavior Traits of Bafra, Akkaraman, Bafra x Akkaraman F1 and B1 Sheep Genotypes (Thesis number: 462844). [Doctoral Thesis, Ankara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Animal Science (Veterinary)]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
- Güngör, Ö. F., & Ünal, N. (2020). The Expression of Some Maternal and Offspring Behaviors of Two Indirgense Sheep and Their Crossbreed Genotypes-II. Maternal and Offspring Behaviors After Parturition. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 36, 19-25.
- Grogan, E. H., & McDonnell, S. M. (2005). Mare and foal bonding and problems. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, 4(3), 228-237.
- Hacan, Ö. G., & Akçapınar, H. (2012). Atlarda Davranış (Derleme). Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 53(1), 47-57.
- Heitor, F., & Vicente, L. (2008). Maternal Care and Foal Social Relationships in a Herd of Sorraia Horses: Influence of maternal rank and experience. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 113(1-3), 189-205.
- Thal, D.O. (2023). The Late Time Pregnant Mare, Foaling & Newborn Foal Care. Horse Side Vet Guide. (https://horsesidevetguide.com/our-team).
- McKenzie, H.C. (2018). Equine Internal Medicine: Disorders of Foals. 20, 1365-1459.
- National Research Council (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Horses. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press,
- Özbeyaz, C., & Akçapınar, H. (2007). At Yetiştiriciliği Ders Notları. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, Ankara
- Pagan, J., Phethean, E., Caddel, S., McFaull, M., Bonner, P., Nowara, D., Perriam, W., & Huntington, P.J. (2023). 117 Factors Affecting Birth Weights in Thoroughbred Foals Born in Kentucky, United Kingdom and Australia. Journal of Veterinary Science, 124, 104419.
- Rose, R.J., & Hodgson, D.R. (2004). Klinik Pratikte At Hekimliği. Medipres Matbaacılık, Ankara, Türkiye, ISBN: 978-975-6676-27-1
- Rossdale, P.D. (1967). Clinical Studies on the Newborn Thoroughbred Foal: I. Perinatal Behaviour. 123(11), 470-481, https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/ British-veterinary-journal
- Schneider, F., & Wehrend, A. (2019). Quality Assessment of Bovine and Equine Colostrum an Overview. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde, 161(5), 287-297.
- Simonetti, L., Lynch, G.M., Ghbaudi, M.E., & McCormick, M. (2018). Neonatal Behaviour of East Friesian Lambs Born in Open Field in Argentina Livestock Research for Rural Development, 30.
- Smith 2023. Normal Foal Deliveries. The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, https://www.vet.osu.edu/vmc/sites/default/files/import/assets/pdf/hospital/equineFarmAnimals/equine/articles/2008/normalFoalDelivery.pdf
- SPSS, (2005). IBM SPSS Statistics 14.01, No: 9869264 for Windows. Armonk, NY.
- Synder, J.,(2018). Neonatal Isoerythrolysis. Hagyard Equine Medical Institute.
- Şehu, A. (2000). Tayların Beslenmesi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 40(1), 76-89.
- Taşkın, D. & Koçak, S. (2012). Konkur Atlarında Canlı Ağırlık, Vücut Ölçüleri, Hastalık İnsidansı, Yaşama Gücü ve Döl Verimini Etkileyen Faktörler: II. Taylarda Canlı Ağırlık ve Vücut Ölçüleri. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 29(1), 14 - 23.
- Thal, D.O. (2023). The Late Time Pregnant Mare, Foaling & Newborn Foal Care. Horse Side Vet Guide. (https://horsesidevetguide.com/our-team).
- Wulf, M., Erber, R., Ille, N., Beythien, E., Aurich, J., & Aurich, C. (2017). Effects of Foal Sex on Some Perinatal Characteristics in The İmmediate Neonatal Period in The Horse. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 18, 37-42.
- Youngquist, R.S., Threlfall, W.R., Michelle, M., & Leblanc, M.M. (2007). Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology (Second Edition) Chapter 16-Immediate Care of the Postpartum Mare and Foal. In Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, pp. 134-138, WB Saunders.
- Zurek, U., & Danek, J. (2012). Foal Rejection-Characteristics and Therapy of Inadequate Maternal Behaviour in Mares. Annals of Animal Science, 12(2), 141.
Öz
Bu çalışma Safkan İngiliz kısraklarda bazı doğum ve taylarında davranış özellikleri ile bunlara etkisi olan bazı faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma, Adana Yavuz Star Harasında 2021-2022 yılları arasında yürütülmüş olup toplam 63 kısrağın ve bunların taylarının bazı özellikleri takip edilmiştir. Çalışmada kısraklarda ortalama canlı ağırlık (CA) 499.27±3.68 kg, doğum süresi 14.63±1.28 dk, kolostrum yoğunluğu %23.81±0.69, eş atma süresi 126.57±28.92 dk ve plasenta ağırlığının 6.47±0.20 kg olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doğumların görülme sıklığının 18.00 ve 24.00 saatleri arasında arttığı (%36.5) ve doğum yılı ile zamanının (Gece, Gündüz) doğum süresine etkisinin önemli (P=0.004; P=0.010) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Taylarda doğum ağırlığı, ilk ayağa kalkmaya kadar geçen süre ve ilk emmeye kadar geçen sürelerin ortalamaları sırasıyla 54.34±1.01 kg, 87.19±7.92 ve 114.24±11.96 dk olmuştur. Doğum yılı, doğum ayı, kısrak yaşı, cinsiyet ve doğum zamanının ilk ayağa kalkma süresi üzerine etkisinin önemli (P=0.018; P=0.027; P=0.032; P=0.005; P=0.004) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, taylarda ilk ayağa kalkma ve ilk emmeye kadar geçen sürelerin tay cinsiyeti ve doğum zamanından etkilendiği; kan uyuşmazlığı, kolostrum kalitesi düşüklüğü ve eş atma süresinin uzaması problemlerinin görülme sıklığının yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kan uyuşmazlığı Ayağa kalkma İlk emme zamanı Doğum zamanı Kolostrum yoğunluğu
Kaynakça
- Anonim 2023, Examining the Mare’s Placenta and Keeping Foaling Records, https://www.ontario.ca/ page/examining-mares-placenta-and-keeping-foaling-records
- Aoki, T., Chiba, A., Itoh, M., Nambo, Y., Yamagishi, N., Shibano, K. I., & Cheong, S. H. (2020). Colostral and Foal Serum Immunoglobulin G Levels and Associations with Perinatal Abnormalities in Heavy Draft Horses in Japan. Journal of Equine Science, 31(2), 29-34.
- Arpacık, R. (1999). At Yetiştiriciliği. Şahin Matbaası Ankara, Isbn 975-95817-0-1.
- Byars, D. T., & Simon, B. W. (2011). Peri-parturient Management of the Mare and Neonate. Equine Reproduction, 1, 111.
- de Castro, L. L. D., Abrahão, C. L., Antunes, J., Pritsch, I., & Molento, M. B. (2021). Body Development from Birth to 18 Months of Age of Thoroughbred Foals in Brazil. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 11, 352-362.
- de Sobral, G. G., Neto, O. C. G., da Silva, A. M., & Carneiro, G. F. (2021). Evaluation of Optical Refractometer for Assessing Failure of Transfer of Passive Immunity in Foals. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 106, 103758.
- Dwyer, C.M., & e Morgan, C.A. (2006). Maintenance of Body Temparature in the Neonatal Lamb: Effects of Breed, Birth Weight and Litter Size Journal of Animal Science, 84, 1093-1101.
- Elliott, C., Morton, J., & Chopin, J. (2009). Factors affecting foal birth weight in Thoroughbred horses. Theriogenology, 71(4), 683-689.
- Güngör, Ö. F., Ünal, N., Özbeyaz, C., & Akçapınar, H. (2022). The Effects of Some Factors on the time to First Successful Stand Up and Sucking of Native Lambs After Parturition. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(5), 333.
- Güngör, Ö. F., & Ünal, N. (2017). Some Production and Behavior Traits of Bafra, Akkaraman, Bafra x Akkaraman F1 and B1 Sheep Genotypes (Thesis number: 462844). [Doctoral Thesis, Ankara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Animal Science (Veterinary)]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
- Güngör, Ö. F., & Ünal, N. (2020). The Expression of Some Maternal and Offspring Behaviors of Two Indirgense Sheep and Their Crossbreed Genotypes-II. Maternal and Offspring Behaviors After Parturition. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 36, 19-25.
- Grogan, E. H., & McDonnell, S. M. (2005). Mare and foal bonding and problems. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, 4(3), 228-237.
- Hacan, Ö. G., & Akçapınar, H. (2012). Atlarda Davranış (Derleme). Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 53(1), 47-57.
- Heitor, F., & Vicente, L. (2008). Maternal Care and Foal Social Relationships in a Herd of Sorraia Horses: Influence of maternal rank and experience. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 113(1-3), 189-205.
- Thal, D.O. (2023). The Late Time Pregnant Mare, Foaling & Newborn Foal Care. Horse Side Vet Guide. (https://horsesidevetguide.com/our-team).
- McKenzie, H.C. (2018). Equine Internal Medicine: Disorders of Foals. 20, 1365-1459.
- National Research Council (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Horses. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press,
- Özbeyaz, C., & Akçapınar, H. (2007). At Yetiştiriciliği Ders Notları. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, Ankara
- Pagan, J., Phethean, E., Caddel, S., McFaull, M., Bonner, P., Nowara, D., Perriam, W., & Huntington, P.J. (2023). 117 Factors Affecting Birth Weights in Thoroughbred Foals Born in Kentucky, United Kingdom and Australia. Journal of Veterinary Science, 124, 104419.
- Rose, R.J., & Hodgson, D.R. (2004). Klinik Pratikte At Hekimliği. Medipres Matbaacılık, Ankara, Türkiye, ISBN: 978-975-6676-27-1
- Rossdale, P.D. (1967). Clinical Studies on the Newborn Thoroughbred Foal: I. Perinatal Behaviour. 123(11), 470-481, https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/ British-veterinary-journal
- Schneider, F., & Wehrend, A. (2019). Quality Assessment of Bovine and Equine Colostrum an Overview. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde, 161(5), 287-297.
- Simonetti, L., Lynch, G.M., Ghbaudi, M.E., & McCormick, M. (2018). Neonatal Behaviour of East Friesian Lambs Born in Open Field in Argentina Livestock Research for Rural Development, 30.
- Smith 2023. Normal Foal Deliveries. The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, https://www.vet.osu.edu/vmc/sites/default/files/import/assets/pdf/hospital/equineFarmAnimals/equine/articles/2008/normalFoalDelivery.pdf
- SPSS, (2005). IBM SPSS Statistics 14.01, No: 9869264 for Windows. Armonk, NY.
- Synder, J.,(2018). Neonatal Isoerythrolysis. Hagyard Equine Medical Institute.
- Şehu, A. (2000). Tayların Beslenmesi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 40(1), 76-89.
- Taşkın, D. & Koçak, S. (2012). Konkur Atlarında Canlı Ağırlık, Vücut Ölçüleri, Hastalık İnsidansı, Yaşama Gücü ve Döl Verimini Etkileyen Faktörler: II. Taylarda Canlı Ağırlık ve Vücut Ölçüleri. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 29(1), 14 - 23.
- Thal, D.O. (2023). The Late Time Pregnant Mare, Foaling & Newborn Foal Care. Horse Side Vet Guide. (https://horsesidevetguide.com/our-team).
- Wulf, M., Erber, R., Ille, N., Beythien, E., Aurich, J., & Aurich, C. (2017). Effects of Foal Sex on Some Perinatal Characteristics in The İmmediate Neonatal Period in The Horse. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 18, 37-42.
- Youngquist, R.S., Threlfall, W.R., Michelle, M., & Leblanc, M.M. (2007). Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology (Second Edition) Chapter 16-Immediate Care of the Postpartum Mare and Foal. In Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, pp. 134-138, WB Saunders.
- Zurek, U., & Danek, J. (2012). Foal Rejection-Characteristics and Therapy of Inadequate Maternal Behaviour in Mares. Annals of Animal Science, 12(2), 141.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hayvan Yetiştirme |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 11 Mart 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 7 Haziran 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 3 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 |
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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