Araştırma Makalesi
Effect of Combination of Solarization and Soil Fumigation on Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) in Greenhouses
Öz
Root knot nematodes are
economically important crop pests that is difficult to control. Soil fumigation
and solarization are significant methods to control root knot nematodes. The
application of soil fumigation and solarization on nematodes is not fully understood.
Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effect of the
combination of the solarization with reduced dose of metam-sodium to control
root knot nematodes in pepper. Experiments were conducted in greenhouses in
Adanalıoğlu and Kazanlı region of Mersin province in 2014-2015. Following the
planting beds were prepared in the experiments, the solarization with reduced
metam-sodium fumigant was applied at 750 l/ha. The plots were saturated via
drip irrigation, and waited for two days before metam-sodium was applied with
100 ton/ha water. The solarization application in July 2014 combined with
reduced metam-sodium treatment were effectively protected pepper against
root-knot nematodes until July 2015 where gall formation ranged between 0-1.4.
Solarization combination with reduced metam-sodium application resulted with
gall formation below 2 while in non-treated parcels were ranged from 6.4 to
7.1. Solarization with reduced metam-sodium application resulted 98,8% to
234,5% yield increase in pepper. Results indicate that combination of
solarization with reduced metam-sodium application reduced the root-knot
nematodes. It is thought that when the manufacturers apply the solarization
with combination of metam-sodium correctly, they will not have nematode
problems and the possibility of encountering lower ineffectiveness of the chemicals.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonymous 2015. http://www.turktob.org.tr /tr/mersinde-biber-uretimini-artiran-solarizasyon-ve-ilac-projesi/19331, http://www.mtso.org.tr/tr /haberler/biberde-kalintiyla-mucadelede-gunes-etkisini-gosteriyor
- Barker KR, Townshend JL, Bird GW, Thomason IJ, Dickson DW 1986. Determining nematode population responses to control agents. In: Hickey KD editor. Methods for Evaluating Pesticides for control of Plant Pathogens, 1st Ed, St. Paul, MN, USA: APS Press, pp 283-296.
- Chellemi DO, Olson SM 1994. Effect of Soil Solarization and Fumigation on Survival of Soilborne Pathogens of Tomato in Northern Florida. Plant Disease, 78 (2): 1167-1172.
- Coelho L, Chellemi DO, Mitchell DJ 1999. Efficacy of solarization and cabbage amendment for the control of Phytophthora spp. in North Florida. Plant Dis. 83: 293-299.
- Desaeger J, Csinos A 2006. Root-knot nematode management in double crop plasticulture vegetables. Journal of Nematology 38:59–67.
- Desaeger J, Dickson DW, Locascıo SJ 2017. Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida. Journal of Nematology 49(2):140–149.
- Elekcioğlu İH, Uygun N 1994. Occurrence and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in cash crop in Eastern Mediterranean region of Türkiye. In: Proceedings of 9th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, KuşĢadası-Aydın-Türkiye, pp. 409-410.
- Elekcioğlu İH, Ohnesorge B, Lung G, Uygun N 1994. Plant parasitic nematodes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 22: 59-63.
- Fuentes P, Aballay E, Montealegro JR 1997. Soil solarization and fumigation for the control of nematodes in a monocultivated soil with tomatoes . Lima Peru, Association Latinoamerica de Fitopatologia ( AFL ) . Fitopatologia ( Abst. 32).
- Hooper DJ 1986. “Handling, Fixing, Staining and Mounting Nematodes. In: J.F., Southey (ed.). Laboratory Methods for Work With Plant on Soil Nematodes, 59- 80.” Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 59-80.
- Ioannou N 2001. Integrating soil solarization with grafting on resistant rootstocks for management of soil-borne pathogens of eggplant. J. Hort. Sci. and Bio. 4: 396-401.
- Kaşkavalcı G, Öncüer C 1999. Investigations on distribution and economic importance of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) species found in the major areas of hot climate vegetables in Aydın province. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 23 (2): 149-160.
- Katan J, Greenberger A, Alon H, Grinstein A 1976. Solar Heating by Polyetilene Mulching for the Control of Diseases Caused by Soil- Borne Pathogens. Phytopathology, 66: 683-688.
- Katan J, Grinstein A, Greenberger A, Yarden O, Devay JE 1987. First decade 1976-1986 of soil solarization solar heating-A chronological bibliography. Phytoparasitica, 15: 229-255.
- Katan J 1996. Principles and practice of managing soilborne plant pathogens. In: Soil Solarization. (Ed.: R. Hall). APS Press, pp.
- Netscher C, Sikora RA 1990. Nematode Parasites on Vegetables. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Suptropical and Tropical Agriculture. (Eds.: M. Luc, R. A. Sikora and J. Bridge). CAB International, 231-283 pp.
- McGovern RJ, Vavrina CS, Noling J, Datnoff LA, Yonce HD 1998. Evaluation of application methods of metham sodium for management of fusarium crown and root rot in tomato in southwest Florida. Plant Disease 82:919–923.
- McSorley R, Ozores-Hampton M, Stansly PA, Conner JM 1999. Nematode management, soil fertility, and yield in organic. vegetable production. Nematropica 29:205-213.
- Mennan S, Ecevit O 2001. Race determination on some populations of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) (Nemata: Heteroderidae) obtained from Bafra and Carşamba Plains. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 25 (1): 33-39.
- Noling JW, Becker JO 1994. The challenge of research and extension to define and implement alternatives to methyl bromide. Supplement to the Journal of Nematology 26:573–586.
- Özarslandan A, Elekçioğlu İH 2010. Identification of the Root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) collected from different parts of Turkey by molecular and morphological methods. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 34 (3): 323-335.
- Ostrec L. Grubisic D 2003. Effects of soil solarization on nematodes in Croatia. J. Pestic. Sci. 76:139-144.
- Sasser JN, 1986. Economic importance of Meloidogyne in tropical countries In: Lamberti, F. and Taylor, C.E. (Eds) Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) systematics, biology and control. London, Newyork Academic Press, pp. 256-268.
- Sasser JN, Freckman DW 1987. A world perspective on nematology: the role of the Society. In: Veech, J.A. and Dickson, D.W. (Eds) Vistas on Nematology. Society of Nematology, Hyattsville, Maryland, pp. 7-14.
- Seman-Varner R, McSorley R, Gallaher RN 2008. Soil nu¬trient and plant responses to solarization in an agroecosystem uti¬lizing an organic nutrient source. Renewable Agric. Food Syst. 23:149-154.
- Söğüt MA, Elekçioğlu İH 2000. Determination of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892 (Nemata: Heteroderidae) species races found in vegetable growing areas of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 24: 33-40.
- Sögüt MA, Elekcioglu IH 2007. Methyl Bromide alternatives for controlling Meloidogyne incognita in pepper cultivars in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 31(1):31-40.
- Souza NL 1994. Solarizacao do solo. Summa Phytopathologica 20:3-15.
- Steve T 2000. Univ. of California Cooperative Extension CORF News- 4 (4) : 6.
- Toktay H, İmren M, Bozbuga R 2015. Alternative strategies to control root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) with different irrigation systems in pepper greenhouses. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 55(3): 215-224 ıssn 0406-3597
- Trudgill DL, Blok VC 2001. Apomictic polyphagous root knot nematodes: exceptionally successful and damaging biotrophic root pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 39:53-77.
- Yılmaz S, Çelik I, Zengin S 2011. Combining effects of soil solarization and grafting on plant yield and soil-borne pathogens in cucumber. International Journal of Plant Production 5(1):1735-8043
- Yucel S, Elekcioglu IH, Can C, Sögüt MA, Ozarslandan A 2007a. Alternative Treatments to Methyl Bromide in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31(1): 47-53.
- Yücel S, Özarslandan A, Çolak A, Ay T, Can C 2007b. Effect of Solarization and Fumigant Applications on Soilborne Pathogens and Root-knot Nematodes in Greenhouse-Grown Tomato in Turkey. Phytoparasitica 35(5): 450-456.
- Yucel S, Ozarslandan A, Colak A, Ay T 2009. Methyl bro¬mide alternatives for controlling Fusarium wilt and root knot nematodes in tomatoes in Turkey. Acta Hortic. 808:381-385.
- Yücel S, Özarslandan A, Can C, Gunactı H 2014. Case Studies and Implications of Chemical and Non-chemical Soil Disinfection Methods in Turkey. Proc.VIIIth on Chemical and Non-Chemical Soil and Substrate Disinfestation. Acta Hort.1044:295-300.
- Zasada IA, Halbrendt, JM, Kokalis-Burelle N, LaMondia J, McKenry MV, Noling JW 2010. Managing nematodes without methyl bromide. Annual Review of Phytopathology 48:311–328.
Seralarda Kök Ur Nematodlarına (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) Solarizasyon ve Toprak Fümigasyon Kombinasyonunun Etkisi
Öz
Kök ur nematodları kontrol
edilmesi zor önemli ürün zararlılarındandırlar. Toprak fümigasyon ve
solarizasyon kök ur nematodlarını kontrol etmek için önemli birer yöntemlerdir.
Nematod kontrolünde toprak fümigasyonunun ve solarizasyonun uygulanması tam
olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, biberde, düşük dozda
metam-sodyum fumigant ile solarizasyon uygulamasının kombinasyonunun kök ur
nematodlarına etkisini belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Denemeler
2014-2015 yıllarında Mersin ili Adanalıoğlu ve Kazanlı'da mevcut seralarda
yürütülmüştür. Deneme dikim sırtları hazırlanmasından sonra, metam-sodyum
fümigantının azaltılmış dozu 750 l / ha'da uygulanmıştır. Parseller damla
sulama ile doyurulduktan iki gün sonra metam-sodyum 100 ton/ha su ile
verilmiştir. Temmuz 2014’teki solarizasyon ve metam-sodyum kombinasyon
uygulamasının Temmuz 2015'e kadar biber köklerinde mevcut ur oranını 0-1.4
arasına düşürdüğü ve bu uygulamanın kök ur nematodlarını azaltmada etkili
olduğu saptanmıştır. Azaltılmış metam-sodyum uygulamasıyla kombine edilen
solarizasyon uygulamalarında gal indeksi 2'nin altında olurken, kontrol
parsellerinde 6.4 ile 7.1 arasında bulunmuştur. Azaltılmış metam-sodyum ile
solarizasyon uygulamasının % 98,8-234,5 oranında verim artışı sağladığı
görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak azaltılmış metam-sodyum uygulaması ile solarizasyon
kombinasyonunun kök ur nematodlarına etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Üreticilerin
metamsodium ile solarizasyon uygulamasını doğru uygulama yaptıklarında nematod
sorunu yaşamayacakları ve ilaçların etkisizliği ile karşılaşma olasılığının az
olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonymous 2015. http://www.turktob.org.tr /tr/mersinde-biber-uretimini-artiran-solarizasyon-ve-ilac-projesi/19331, http://www.mtso.org.tr/tr /haberler/biberde-kalintiyla-mucadelede-gunes-etkisini-gosteriyor
- Barker KR, Townshend JL, Bird GW, Thomason IJ, Dickson DW 1986. Determining nematode population responses to control agents. In: Hickey KD editor. Methods for Evaluating Pesticides for control of Plant Pathogens, 1st Ed, St. Paul, MN, USA: APS Press, pp 283-296.
- Chellemi DO, Olson SM 1994. Effect of Soil Solarization and Fumigation on Survival of Soilborne Pathogens of Tomato in Northern Florida. Plant Disease, 78 (2): 1167-1172.
- Coelho L, Chellemi DO, Mitchell DJ 1999. Efficacy of solarization and cabbage amendment for the control of Phytophthora spp. in North Florida. Plant Dis. 83: 293-299.
- Desaeger J, Csinos A 2006. Root-knot nematode management in double crop plasticulture vegetables. Journal of Nematology 38:59–67.
- Desaeger J, Dickson DW, Locascıo SJ 2017. Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida. Journal of Nematology 49(2):140–149.
- Elekcioğlu İH, Uygun N 1994. Occurrence and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in cash crop in Eastern Mediterranean region of Türkiye. In: Proceedings of 9th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, KuşĢadası-Aydın-Türkiye, pp. 409-410.
- Elekcioğlu İH, Ohnesorge B, Lung G, Uygun N 1994. Plant parasitic nematodes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 22: 59-63.
- Fuentes P, Aballay E, Montealegro JR 1997. Soil solarization and fumigation for the control of nematodes in a monocultivated soil with tomatoes . Lima Peru, Association Latinoamerica de Fitopatologia ( AFL ) . Fitopatologia ( Abst. 32).
- Hooper DJ 1986. “Handling, Fixing, Staining and Mounting Nematodes. In: J.F., Southey (ed.). Laboratory Methods for Work With Plant on Soil Nematodes, 59- 80.” Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 59-80.
- Ioannou N 2001. Integrating soil solarization with grafting on resistant rootstocks for management of soil-borne pathogens of eggplant. J. Hort. Sci. and Bio. 4: 396-401.
- Kaşkavalcı G, Öncüer C 1999. Investigations on distribution and economic importance of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) species found in the major areas of hot climate vegetables in Aydın province. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 23 (2): 149-160.
- Katan J, Greenberger A, Alon H, Grinstein A 1976. Solar Heating by Polyetilene Mulching for the Control of Diseases Caused by Soil- Borne Pathogens. Phytopathology, 66: 683-688.
- Katan J, Grinstein A, Greenberger A, Yarden O, Devay JE 1987. First decade 1976-1986 of soil solarization solar heating-A chronological bibliography. Phytoparasitica, 15: 229-255.
- Katan J 1996. Principles and practice of managing soilborne plant pathogens. In: Soil Solarization. (Ed.: R. Hall). APS Press, pp.
- Netscher C, Sikora RA 1990. Nematode Parasites on Vegetables. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Suptropical and Tropical Agriculture. (Eds.: M. Luc, R. A. Sikora and J. Bridge). CAB International, 231-283 pp.
- McGovern RJ, Vavrina CS, Noling J, Datnoff LA, Yonce HD 1998. Evaluation of application methods of metham sodium for management of fusarium crown and root rot in tomato in southwest Florida. Plant Disease 82:919–923.
- McSorley R, Ozores-Hampton M, Stansly PA, Conner JM 1999. Nematode management, soil fertility, and yield in organic. vegetable production. Nematropica 29:205-213.
- Mennan S, Ecevit O 2001. Race determination on some populations of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) (Nemata: Heteroderidae) obtained from Bafra and Carşamba Plains. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 25 (1): 33-39.
- Noling JW, Becker JO 1994. The challenge of research and extension to define and implement alternatives to methyl bromide. Supplement to the Journal of Nematology 26:573–586.
- Özarslandan A, Elekçioğlu İH 2010. Identification of the Root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) collected from different parts of Turkey by molecular and morphological methods. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 34 (3): 323-335.
- Ostrec L. Grubisic D 2003. Effects of soil solarization on nematodes in Croatia. J. Pestic. Sci. 76:139-144.
- Sasser JN, 1986. Economic importance of Meloidogyne in tropical countries In: Lamberti, F. and Taylor, C.E. (Eds) Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) systematics, biology and control. London, Newyork Academic Press, pp. 256-268.
- Sasser JN, Freckman DW 1987. A world perspective on nematology: the role of the Society. In: Veech, J.A. and Dickson, D.W. (Eds) Vistas on Nematology. Society of Nematology, Hyattsville, Maryland, pp. 7-14.
- Seman-Varner R, McSorley R, Gallaher RN 2008. Soil nu¬trient and plant responses to solarization in an agroecosystem uti¬lizing an organic nutrient source. Renewable Agric. Food Syst. 23:149-154.
- Söğüt MA, Elekçioğlu İH 2000. Determination of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892 (Nemata: Heteroderidae) species races found in vegetable growing areas of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 24: 33-40.
- Sögüt MA, Elekcioglu IH 2007. Methyl Bromide alternatives for controlling Meloidogyne incognita in pepper cultivars in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 31(1):31-40.
- Souza NL 1994. Solarizacao do solo. Summa Phytopathologica 20:3-15.
- Steve T 2000. Univ. of California Cooperative Extension CORF News- 4 (4) : 6.
- Toktay H, İmren M, Bozbuga R 2015. Alternative strategies to control root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) with different irrigation systems in pepper greenhouses. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 55(3): 215-224 ıssn 0406-3597
- Trudgill DL, Blok VC 2001. Apomictic polyphagous root knot nematodes: exceptionally successful and damaging biotrophic root pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 39:53-77.
- Yılmaz S, Çelik I, Zengin S 2011. Combining effects of soil solarization and grafting on plant yield and soil-borne pathogens in cucumber. International Journal of Plant Production 5(1):1735-8043
- Yucel S, Elekcioglu IH, Can C, Sögüt MA, Ozarslandan A 2007a. Alternative Treatments to Methyl Bromide in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31(1): 47-53.
- Yücel S, Özarslandan A, Çolak A, Ay T, Can C 2007b. Effect of Solarization and Fumigant Applications on Soilborne Pathogens and Root-knot Nematodes in Greenhouse-Grown Tomato in Turkey. Phytoparasitica 35(5): 450-456.
- Yucel S, Ozarslandan A, Colak A, Ay T 2009. Methyl bro¬mide alternatives for controlling Fusarium wilt and root knot nematodes in tomatoes in Turkey. Acta Hortic. 808:381-385.
- Yücel S, Özarslandan A, Can C, Gunactı H 2014. Case Studies and Implications of Chemical and Non-chemical Soil Disinfection Methods in Turkey. Proc.VIIIth on Chemical and Non-Chemical Soil and Substrate Disinfestation. Acta Hort.1044:295-300.
- Zasada IA, Halbrendt, JM, Kokalis-Burelle N, LaMondia J, McKenry MV, Noling JW 2010. Managing nematodes without methyl bromide. Annual Review of Phytopathology 48:311–328.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Mayıs 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 3 Eylül 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
Toprak Solarizasyonu ve Bitki Paraziti Nematodlarla Mücadelede Kullanımı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.35238/sufefd.1089961
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