Bağ Alanlarında Çiftleşmeyi Bozma Tekniğinin Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Coccinella septempunctata (L., 1758) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) Predatörleri Üzerine Etkileri
Öz
) olmuştur. ÇE bağındaki
salkımlarda bulaşma oranı ekonomik zarar eşiği olan % 5’i aştığında popülasyonu
düşürmek amacıyla 2013 yılında 1. ve 3. döllerine karşı 2, 2014 yılında ise 1.,
2., ve 3. döllerine karşı olmak üzere 3 defa, bakteriyel bir preparat olan Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki kullanılmıştır. 2013 yılında KA
bağında ise sık aralıklarla L. botrana’ya
karşı hasada kadar 7 insektisit, 2014 yılında ise hasada kadar bilinçsizce 8
kez insektisit uygulanmıştır. ÇE bağında 2013 yılında bağ küllemesi, bağ
kurşuni küf ve bağ mildiyösü hastalıklarına karşı 5, KA bağında ise 8 kez
fungusit uygulaması, 2014 yılında ise aynı hastalıklara karşı ÇE bağında 4
fungusit, kontrol bağ alanında ise 7 fungusit uygulaması yapılmıştır. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) ve Coccinella septempunctata (L., 1758) (Neuroptera: ChrysopidaeBu çalışma da bağlarda önemli bir zararlı olan Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. (Salkım Güvesi)’ya karşı biyoteknik
bir mücadele olan çiftlesmeyi engelleme metodu uygulanmıştır. Çiftleşmeyi
engelleme (ÇE) metodu uygulanan alan ile kontrol alanı (KA) predatörler
bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında ÇE ve KA bağlarında
07.04.2013 ve 31.03.2014 tarihlerinde bağ yapraklarının oluşması ile birlikte
örneklemeler başlamıştır. Örneklemeler sonucu en fazla bulunan Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) (
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bağ Çiftleşmeyi Engelleme Lobesia botrana Predatörler Popülasyon yoğunluğu
Kaynakça
- Akyol B, Aslan MM 2010. Investigations on Efficiency of Mating Disruption Technique Against the European Grapevine Monh (Lobesia botrana Den. Et. Schiff.) (Lepidoptera; Tortricidae) in Vineyard, Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(2): 730-735, ISSN: 1680-5593.
- Audemard H 1987. Lutı'e Bıologıque Et IntıéGrtéE En Vergers De Pommıers, Poırıers Et Abrıcotıers. Entomophaga, 32(1): 59-71.
- Blümel C, Hugo P, Seidel-Morgenstern A 1999. Quantification of Single Solute and Competitive Adsorption Isotherms Using a Closed-loop Perturbation Method. Journal of Chromatography A, 865(1-2): 51–71.
- Bolu H 2004. Coccinellidae Species, Their Distribution Areas and Their Effect on Population Fluctuations of Agonoscena pistaciae at Pistachio Orchards in Southeastern Anatolia Region in Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 44(1-4): 69-77.
- Borgemeister C, Poehling HM, Dinter A, Holler C 1993. Effects of Insecticides on Life History Parameters of The Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi [Hym. : Aphidiidae]. Entomophaga, 38(2): 245-255.
- Chang CP, Plapp FW 1983. DDT and Synthetic Pyrethroids: Mode of Action, Selectivity, and Mechanism of Synergism in The Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) and a Predator, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 76 (6): 1206–1210.
- Charmillot PJ, Pasquier D, Alipaz NJ, Neumann U 1995. Effet D'une Ceinture De Diffuseurs À Attractif Sexuel Sur La Distribution Des Captures De Mâles, Des Accouplements De Femelles Attachées Et De L'attaque De Lobesia Botrana Den. & Schiff. En Vignoble. Journal of Applied Entomology, 119(1-5): 201-206.
- Chinery M 1993. Insects of Britain and Northern Europe (3rd edn.). Collins Field Guide, HarperCollins, London, 320s.
- Cho J, Hong KJ, Yoo JK, Bang JR, Lee JO 1997. Comparative Toxicity of Selected İnsecticides to Aphis citricola, Myzus malisctus (Homoptera: Aphididae), and The Predator Harmonia axyridis (Coloptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(1): 11-14.
- Çelik H, Ağaoğlu YS, Fidan Y, Marasalı B, Söylemezoğlu G 1998. Genel Bağcılık, Sunfidan A.Ş. Mesleki Kitaplar Serisi: 1, Ankara, s.27.
- Fermaund M, Le Menn R 1992. Transmission of Botrytis cinerea to Grapes By Grape Berry Moth Larvae. Phytopathology, 82(12): 1393-1398.
- Karut K, Kazak C 1999. The Natural Mortality, Hatching and Parasitization Ratio of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) Eggs, Collected From Oleander (Nerium Oleander L.) Plants. Proc. IV Biological Control Congress of Turkey (Adana, Turkey), pp. 269-276 (Turkish, with English summary).
- Kovancı B, Türkmen C, Kumral NA 2005. İznik (Bursa) İlçesindeki Bağlarda Zararlı Salkım Güvesi, Lobesia botrana (Den.-Schiff.) (Lep.: Tortricidae)]‟nin Ergin Popülasyon Dalgalanması Üzerinde Araştırmalar. 6. Türkiye Bağcılık Sempozyumu, 19-23 Eylül,Tekirdağ, Cilt: 1, 289-296.
- Longley M, Jepson PC 1996. The Influence of Insecticide Residues on Primary Parasitoid and Hyperparasitoid Foraging Behaviour in The Laboratory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 81(3): 259-269.
- Majems M, Kearns P 1989. Ladybirds. Naturalist Handbooks 10. Slough, England: Richmond Publishing Co Ltd.
- Mamay M, Çakır A 2014. Şanlıurfa Merkez İlçe Bağlarında Salkım Güvesi [Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)]’nin Ergin Popülasyon Değişimi ve Bulaşma Oranının Belirlenmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 54(2):103-114 ISSN 0406-3597.
- McEwen PK, New TR, Whittington AE 2001. Lacewings in The Crop Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- McMurtry JA, HuVaker CB, van de Vrie M 1970. I. Tetranychid enemies: Their Biological Characters and the İmpact of Spray Practices. Hilgardia 40, 331–390.
- Öztürk N, Aciöz S 2010. Tarsus (Mersin) Bağlarında Zararlı Salkım Güvesi [Lobesia botrana Den.&Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)]’nin Ergin Popülasyon Değişimi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 50(3): 111-120.
- Roger C, Coderre D, Vincent C 1994. Mortality and Predation Efficiency of Coleomegilla maculata Lengi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Following Pesticide Applications. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87(3): 583-588.
- Salerno G, Colazza S, Conti E 2002. Sub-lethal Effects of Deltamethrin on Walking Behaviour and Response to Host Kairomone of The Eggs Parasitoid Trissolcus basalis. Pest Mangac Sci., 58(7): 663–668.
- Stark SB, Whitford F 1987. Functional Response of Chrysoperla carnea [Neur : Chrysopidae] Larvae Feeding on Heliothis Virescens [Lep.: Noctuidae] Eggs on Cotton in Field Cages. Entomophaga, 32(5): 521-527.
- Şengonca Ç. 1980. Türkiye Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) Faunası Üzerinde Taksonomik Araştırmalar. Tübitak VII. Bilim Kongresi, TBAG Biyoloji Seksiyonu, 545: 457-473.
- TUIK 2015. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn= 92&locale=tr (Date of Access: 24.05.2016).
- Uygun N, Karabüyük F 2015. Coccinellidae (Bride Beetles). http://www. Biological Control. Org.Tr uploads Coccinellidae Pdf. (Date of Access: 10.08.2015).
- Young YN, Seo MJ, Shin JG, Jang C, Yu YM 2003. Toxicity of Greenhouse Pesticides to Multicoloured Asian Lady Beetles, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological Control, 28(2): 164-170.
Effects of Mating Disruption Method on Predators Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) and Coccinella septempunctata (L., 1758) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) in Vineyards
Öz
The mating disruption method (MD), which is
biotechnical against Lobesia botrana
Den. et Schiff., a significant pest of vineyards, has been applied in
vineyards; and the area exposed to this application and the control trial area
(CA) were compared in terms of predators. Sampling was started on 07.04.2013
and 31.03.2014 in 2013 and 2014 at the mating disruption applied area and the
control trial area upon formation of the vine leaves. The result of the
sampling indicated that the most frequently seen predators were Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836)
(Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) and Coccinella
septempunctata (L., 1758) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae). When the infestation
rate on the bunches in the vineyard, where mating disruption was applied,
exceeded 5%, that is the economic loss threshold, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki
was applied twice against the 1st and 3rd generations in 2013; and for 3 times
against the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations in order to decrease the intensity of
the population. Insecticide was applied against L. botrana on the control trial area very frequently and
unconsciously; namely for 7 times until harvest in 2013, and for 8 times until
harvest in 2014. In the vineyard, where mating disruption was applied,
fungicides were applied for 5 times in 2013 against diseases such as Uncinula necator, Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola, however fungicides
were applied in the control trial area for 8 times in the same year; in 2014
fungicides were applied against the above-mentioned diseases on the mating
disruption applied area for 4 times, however fungicides were applied for 7
times on the control trial area in the same year.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Vineyard Mating Disruption Lobesia botrana Predators Population density
Kaynakça
- Akyol B, Aslan MM 2010. Investigations on Efficiency of Mating Disruption Technique Against the European Grapevine Monh (Lobesia botrana Den. Et. Schiff.) (Lepidoptera; Tortricidae) in Vineyard, Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(2): 730-735, ISSN: 1680-5593.
- Audemard H 1987. Lutı'e Bıologıque Et IntıéGrtéE En Vergers De Pommıers, Poırıers Et Abrıcotıers. Entomophaga, 32(1): 59-71.
- Blümel C, Hugo P, Seidel-Morgenstern A 1999. Quantification of Single Solute and Competitive Adsorption Isotherms Using a Closed-loop Perturbation Method. Journal of Chromatography A, 865(1-2): 51–71.
- Bolu H 2004. Coccinellidae Species, Their Distribution Areas and Their Effect on Population Fluctuations of Agonoscena pistaciae at Pistachio Orchards in Southeastern Anatolia Region in Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 44(1-4): 69-77.
- Borgemeister C, Poehling HM, Dinter A, Holler C 1993. Effects of Insecticides on Life History Parameters of The Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi [Hym. : Aphidiidae]. Entomophaga, 38(2): 245-255.
- Chang CP, Plapp FW 1983. DDT and Synthetic Pyrethroids: Mode of Action, Selectivity, and Mechanism of Synergism in The Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) and a Predator, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 76 (6): 1206–1210.
- Charmillot PJ, Pasquier D, Alipaz NJ, Neumann U 1995. Effet D'une Ceinture De Diffuseurs À Attractif Sexuel Sur La Distribution Des Captures De Mâles, Des Accouplements De Femelles Attachées Et De L'attaque De Lobesia Botrana Den. & Schiff. En Vignoble. Journal of Applied Entomology, 119(1-5): 201-206.
- Chinery M 1993. Insects of Britain and Northern Europe (3rd edn.). Collins Field Guide, HarperCollins, London, 320s.
- Cho J, Hong KJ, Yoo JK, Bang JR, Lee JO 1997. Comparative Toxicity of Selected İnsecticides to Aphis citricola, Myzus malisctus (Homoptera: Aphididae), and The Predator Harmonia axyridis (Coloptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(1): 11-14.
- Çelik H, Ağaoğlu YS, Fidan Y, Marasalı B, Söylemezoğlu G 1998. Genel Bağcılık, Sunfidan A.Ş. Mesleki Kitaplar Serisi: 1, Ankara, s.27.
- Fermaund M, Le Menn R 1992. Transmission of Botrytis cinerea to Grapes By Grape Berry Moth Larvae. Phytopathology, 82(12): 1393-1398.
- Karut K, Kazak C 1999. The Natural Mortality, Hatching and Parasitization Ratio of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) Eggs, Collected From Oleander (Nerium Oleander L.) Plants. Proc. IV Biological Control Congress of Turkey (Adana, Turkey), pp. 269-276 (Turkish, with English summary).
- Kovancı B, Türkmen C, Kumral NA 2005. İznik (Bursa) İlçesindeki Bağlarda Zararlı Salkım Güvesi, Lobesia botrana (Den.-Schiff.) (Lep.: Tortricidae)]‟nin Ergin Popülasyon Dalgalanması Üzerinde Araştırmalar. 6. Türkiye Bağcılık Sempozyumu, 19-23 Eylül,Tekirdağ, Cilt: 1, 289-296.
- Longley M, Jepson PC 1996. The Influence of Insecticide Residues on Primary Parasitoid and Hyperparasitoid Foraging Behaviour in The Laboratory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 81(3): 259-269.
- Majems M, Kearns P 1989. Ladybirds. Naturalist Handbooks 10. Slough, England: Richmond Publishing Co Ltd.
- Mamay M, Çakır A 2014. Şanlıurfa Merkez İlçe Bağlarında Salkım Güvesi [Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)]’nin Ergin Popülasyon Değişimi ve Bulaşma Oranının Belirlenmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 54(2):103-114 ISSN 0406-3597.
- McEwen PK, New TR, Whittington AE 2001. Lacewings in The Crop Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- McMurtry JA, HuVaker CB, van de Vrie M 1970. I. Tetranychid enemies: Their Biological Characters and the İmpact of Spray Practices. Hilgardia 40, 331–390.
- Öztürk N, Aciöz S 2010. Tarsus (Mersin) Bağlarında Zararlı Salkım Güvesi [Lobesia botrana Den.&Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)]’nin Ergin Popülasyon Değişimi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 50(3): 111-120.
- Roger C, Coderre D, Vincent C 1994. Mortality and Predation Efficiency of Coleomegilla maculata Lengi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Following Pesticide Applications. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87(3): 583-588.
- Salerno G, Colazza S, Conti E 2002. Sub-lethal Effects of Deltamethrin on Walking Behaviour and Response to Host Kairomone of The Eggs Parasitoid Trissolcus basalis. Pest Mangac Sci., 58(7): 663–668.
- Stark SB, Whitford F 1987. Functional Response of Chrysoperla carnea [Neur : Chrysopidae] Larvae Feeding on Heliothis Virescens [Lep.: Noctuidae] Eggs on Cotton in Field Cages. Entomophaga, 32(5): 521-527.
- Şengonca Ç. 1980. Türkiye Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) Faunası Üzerinde Taksonomik Araştırmalar. Tübitak VII. Bilim Kongresi, TBAG Biyoloji Seksiyonu, 545: 457-473.
- TUIK 2015. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn= 92&locale=tr (Date of Access: 24.05.2016).
- Uygun N, Karabüyük F 2015. Coccinellidae (Bride Beetles). http://www. Biological Control. Org.Tr uploads Coccinellidae Pdf. (Date of Access: 10.08.2015).
- Young YN, Seo MJ, Shin JG, Jang C, Yu YM 2003. Toxicity of Greenhouse Pesticides to Multicoloured Asian Lady Beetles, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological Control, 28(2): 164-170.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Aralık 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 7 Ocak 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 |
Kaynak Göster
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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