Öz
In this study, the effects of some pesticides and wood
vinegar on free-living nematode trophic groups common in soil were investigated
in a wheat field. Field experiments were conducted in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016
growing seasons in a winter wheat field with a randomized block design with
four replicates in Muş Province, Turkey. The treatments were consisted of; 1)
pesticide application (i.e., chemicals used for all wheat diseases, weeds and
pests in the region), 2) 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% ml wood vinegar, which equates
to pesticide application, and 3) untreated control In the field, 19 genera and
one order of nematodes were found from five nematode trophic groups. In
2014-2015 and 2015-2016, the number of predator nematodes were 25 and 136, and
the number of the most common plant parasitic nematodes were 3012 and 3657,
respectively. From first to second growing season, the number of omnivore
nematodes decreased, whereas other nematode groups increased. According to a
simple correspondence analysis, it was determined that generally, there were significant connections between the treatments,
and the measured properties and nematode trophic groups.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Teşekkür
The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Mehmet MENDEŞ for the help in the interpretations of the statistical analyses, and Berce Alparslan Agricultural Administration for providing place/opportunity for this study. This study constitutes a part of a PhD thesis (A Research on Determination of Some Effects of Wood Vinegar and Pesticides on Wheat Agro-ecosystems). Further, this study was partially presented in IGAP2018-1ST International GAP Agriculture and Livestock Congress (25-27 April 2018) in Şanlıurfa, Turkey as an oral presentation.
Kaynakça
- Altıkat A, Turan T, Torun FE, Bingül Z 2009. Use of Pesticides in Turkey and its Effects on Environment. Atatürk Univ., J. of the Faculty of Agriculture, 40: 87-92.
- Anonymous 2016a. T.C Muş Valiliği İl Özel İdaresi Muş Stratejik Plani – PDF. (Web page http://docplayer.biz.tr/4399196-T-c-mus-valiligi-il-ozel-idaresi-mus-stratejik-plani.html). (Date accessed: October 2016).
- Anonymous 2016b. Muş Meteorological Provincial Directorate Records. (Date accessed: November 2016).
- Baspinar E, Mendes M 2000. The Usage of Correspondence Analysis Technique at the Contingency Tables. AUZF Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 6: 98-106.
- Cai K, Jiang S, Renc C, He Y 2012. Significant Damage-Rescuing Effects of Wood Vinegar Extract in Living Caenorhabditis elegans Under Oxidative Stres. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92: 29-36.
- Čerevková A, Miklisová D, Cagáň Ľ 2017. Effects of Experimental Insecticide Applications and Season on Soil Nematode Communities in A Maize Field. Crop Protection, 92: 1-15.
- Chelinho S, Dieter-Sautter K, Cachada A, Abrantes I, Brown G, Costa-Duarte A, Sousa JP 2011. Carbofuran Effects in Soil Nematode Communities: Using Trait and Taxonomic Based Approaches. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 74: 2002-2012.
- Daramola F, Afolami S, Enikuomehin O, Omonhinmin CA, Adebayo HA 2015. Nematicidal Effects of Carbofuran and GC-MS Analysis of Its Residue in Pineapple Fruits. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2: 357-362.
- Erdoğan P, Toros S 2005. The Effects of Melia azedarach L. Extracts on Development on Larvae of Colorado Potato Beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col.: Chrysomelidae)]. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 45: 99-118.
- Hagner M 2013. Potential of The Slow Pyrolysis Products Birch Tar Oil, Wood Vinegar and Biochar in Sustainable Plant Protection-Pesticidal Effects, Soil Improvement and Environmental Risks. Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki, Thesis, Finland, 42 pp.
- Johnson AV, Jaworski CA, Glaze NC, Sumner DR, Chalfant RB 1981. Effects of Film Mulch and Soil Pesticides on Nematodes, Weeds, and Yields of Vegetable Crops. Journal of Nematology, 13: 141-148.
- Kim DH, Seo HE, Lee S, Lee K 2008. Effects of Wood Vinegar Mixted with Insecticides on the Mortalities of Nilaparvata lugens and Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Animal Cells and Systems, 12: 47-52.
- Koc, I 2019. The Effect of Wood Vinegar Produced from Nutshells on the Soil Nematodes in Wheat Agro-Ecosystems. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28: 3536-3544.
- Mendes M 2002. The Usage of Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Ziraat Mühendisleri Birligi Dergisi, 33: 32-35.
- Mu J, Uehara T, Furuno T 2003. Effect of Bamboo Vinegar on Regulation of Germination and Radicle Growth of Seed Plants. Journal of Wood Science, 49: 262-270.
- Namlı A, Akça MO, Turgay EB, Soba MR 2014. Investigation of Potential Agricultural Use of Wood Vinegar. Soil Water Journal, 3: 44-52.
- Römbke J, Schmelz RM, Knabe S 2009. Field Studies for the Assessment of Pesticides with Soil Mesofauna, in Particular Enchytraeids, Mites and Nematodes: Design and First Results. Soil Organisms, 81: 237-264.
- Soltani A, Louati H, Hanachi A, Ben Salem F, Essid N, Aissa P, Mahmoudi E, Beyrem H 2012. Impacts of Permethrin Contamination on Nematode Density and Diversity: A Microcosm Study on Benthic Meiofauna from a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon. Biologia, 67: 377-383.
- Tiryaki O, Canhilal R, Horuz S 2010. The Use of Pesticides and Their Risks. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26: 154-169.
- Whitehead AG, Hemming JR 1965. A Comparison of Some Quantitative Methods of Extracting Small Vermiform Nematodes from Soil. Annuals of Applied Biology, 55: 25-38.
- Winer BJ, Brownve DR, Michels KM 1971. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1048 pp.
- Yardim EN 1996. The Impacts of Chemical Management of Pests, Diseases and Weeds on Invertebrates in Tomato Agroecosystems. The Ohio State University, Thesis, USA, 175 pp.
- Yardim EN, Edwards CA 1998. The Effects of Chemical Pest, Disease and Weed Management Practices on the Trophic Structure of Nematode Populations in Tomato Agroecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology, 7: 137-147.
- Yarsan E, Çevik A 2007. Biopesticides for Vector Control. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 64: 61-70.
- Yeates GW 1971. Feeding Types and Feeding Groups in Plant and Soil Nematodes. Pedobiologia, 8: 173-79.
- Yeates GW, Bongers TD, De Goede RGM, Freckman DW, Georgieva SS 1993. Feeding Habits in Soil Nematode Families and Genera-an Outline for Soil Ecologists. Journal of nematology, 25: 315.
- Yin AL 2008. Isolation and Characterization of Antioxidant Compounds from Pyroligneous Acid of Rhizophora apiculata. Sains University, Thesis, Malaysia, 239 pp.
Öz
Bu çalışmada, bazı pestisitlerin ve odun sirkesinin
buğday tarlasında toprakta yaygın olarak serbest yaşayan trofik düzeyinde
nematod gruplarına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Tarla denemeleri, Muş İlinde
2014-2015 ve 2015-2016 üretim sezonlarında kışlık buğday tarlasında tesadüf
blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü yapılmıştır. Muameleler; 1)
pestisit uygulaması (bölgede buğdayda görülen hastalık, yabancı ot ve
zararlılara karşı kullanılan kimyasal ilaçlar), 2) pestisit uygulamasına
tekabül eden %0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 ve 5 ml odun sirkesi uygulamaları ve 3) herhangi
pestisit ve odun sirkesi uygulamasının yapılmadığı kontrol uygulaması şeklinde
yapılmıştır. Deneme alanında beş trofik gruptan, 19 cins ve 1 takım düzeyinde
nematod tespit edilmiştir. 2014-2015 ve 2015-2016’da avcı nematod sayısı
sırasıyla 25 ve 136 olup, en sık rastlanan bitki parazit nematodların sayısı
3012 ve 3657'dır. 2014-2015 ve 2015-2016 yılları arasında omnivor nematod
sayısı azalırken diğer nematod gruplarında artış gözlenmiştir. Basit uyum
analizleri sonuçlarına göre, muameleler ile ölçülen özellikler ve trofik
düzeyindeki nematod grupları arasında genel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler tespit
edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Altıkat A, Turan T, Torun FE, Bingül Z 2009. Use of Pesticides in Turkey and its Effects on Environment. Atatürk Univ., J. of the Faculty of Agriculture, 40: 87-92.
- Anonymous 2016a. T.C Muş Valiliği İl Özel İdaresi Muş Stratejik Plani – PDF. (Web page http://docplayer.biz.tr/4399196-T-c-mus-valiligi-il-ozel-idaresi-mus-stratejik-plani.html). (Date accessed: October 2016).
- Anonymous 2016b. Muş Meteorological Provincial Directorate Records. (Date accessed: November 2016).
- Baspinar E, Mendes M 2000. The Usage of Correspondence Analysis Technique at the Contingency Tables. AUZF Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 6: 98-106.
- Cai K, Jiang S, Renc C, He Y 2012. Significant Damage-Rescuing Effects of Wood Vinegar Extract in Living Caenorhabditis elegans Under Oxidative Stres. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92: 29-36.
- Čerevková A, Miklisová D, Cagáň Ľ 2017. Effects of Experimental Insecticide Applications and Season on Soil Nematode Communities in A Maize Field. Crop Protection, 92: 1-15.
- Chelinho S, Dieter-Sautter K, Cachada A, Abrantes I, Brown G, Costa-Duarte A, Sousa JP 2011. Carbofuran Effects in Soil Nematode Communities: Using Trait and Taxonomic Based Approaches. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 74: 2002-2012.
- Daramola F, Afolami S, Enikuomehin O, Omonhinmin CA, Adebayo HA 2015. Nematicidal Effects of Carbofuran and GC-MS Analysis of Its Residue in Pineapple Fruits. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2: 357-362.
- Erdoğan P, Toros S 2005. The Effects of Melia azedarach L. Extracts on Development on Larvae of Colorado Potato Beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col.: Chrysomelidae)]. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 45: 99-118.
- Hagner M 2013. Potential of The Slow Pyrolysis Products Birch Tar Oil, Wood Vinegar and Biochar in Sustainable Plant Protection-Pesticidal Effects, Soil Improvement and Environmental Risks. Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki, Thesis, Finland, 42 pp.
- Johnson AV, Jaworski CA, Glaze NC, Sumner DR, Chalfant RB 1981. Effects of Film Mulch and Soil Pesticides on Nematodes, Weeds, and Yields of Vegetable Crops. Journal of Nematology, 13: 141-148.
- Kim DH, Seo HE, Lee S, Lee K 2008. Effects of Wood Vinegar Mixted with Insecticides on the Mortalities of Nilaparvata lugens and Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Animal Cells and Systems, 12: 47-52.
- Koc, I 2019. The Effect of Wood Vinegar Produced from Nutshells on the Soil Nematodes in Wheat Agro-Ecosystems. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28: 3536-3544.
- Mendes M 2002. The Usage of Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Ziraat Mühendisleri Birligi Dergisi, 33: 32-35.
- Mu J, Uehara T, Furuno T 2003. Effect of Bamboo Vinegar on Regulation of Germination and Radicle Growth of Seed Plants. Journal of Wood Science, 49: 262-270.
- Namlı A, Akça MO, Turgay EB, Soba MR 2014. Investigation of Potential Agricultural Use of Wood Vinegar. Soil Water Journal, 3: 44-52.
- Römbke J, Schmelz RM, Knabe S 2009. Field Studies for the Assessment of Pesticides with Soil Mesofauna, in Particular Enchytraeids, Mites and Nematodes: Design and First Results. Soil Organisms, 81: 237-264.
- Soltani A, Louati H, Hanachi A, Ben Salem F, Essid N, Aissa P, Mahmoudi E, Beyrem H 2012. Impacts of Permethrin Contamination on Nematode Density and Diversity: A Microcosm Study on Benthic Meiofauna from a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon. Biologia, 67: 377-383.
- Tiryaki O, Canhilal R, Horuz S 2010. The Use of Pesticides and Their Risks. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26: 154-169.
- Whitehead AG, Hemming JR 1965. A Comparison of Some Quantitative Methods of Extracting Small Vermiform Nematodes from Soil. Annuals of Applied Biology, 55: 25-38.
- Winer BJ, Brownve DR, Michels KM 1971. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1048 pp.
- Yardim EN 1996. The Impacts of Chemical Management of Pests, Diseases and Weeds on Invertebrates in Tomato Agroecosystems. The Ohio State University, Thesis, USA, 175 pp.
- Yardim EN, Edwards CA 1998. The Effects of Chemical Pest, Disease and Weed Management Practices on the Trophic Structure of Nematode Populations in Tomato Agroecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology, 7: 137-147.
- Yarsan E, Çevik A 2007. Biopesticides for Vector Control. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 64: 61-70.
- Yeates GW 1971. Feeding Types and Feeding Groups in Plant and Soil Nematodes. Pedobiologia, 8: 173-79.
- Yeates GW, Bongers TD, De Goede RGM, Freckman DW, Georgieva SS 1993. Feeding Habits in Soil Nematode Families and Genera-an Outline for Soil Ecologists. Journal of nematology, 25: 315.
- Yin AL 2008. Isolation and Characterization of Antioxidant Compounds from Pyroligneous Acid of Rhizophora apiculata. Sains University, Thesis, Malaysia, 239 pp.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 25 Mayıs 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 31 Ekim 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 |
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