Öz
In this work, the cytotoxic and genotoxic influences of oxyfluorfen herbicide were surveyed by examining of mitotic index, mitotic stages, chromosomal anomalies, micronucleus percentage, and comet assay parameters on the somatic cells of Allium cepa. The roots were treated with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 ppm herbicide concentrations with 12, 24 and 36 h. application periods. Mitotic index was noticeably diminished by oxyfluorfen in each application group when matched with their control, except for 0.2 ppm. The percentages of mitotic stages were altered. Oxyfluorfen enhanced drastically the aberrant cell ratio at all application groups and application periods in contrast to their control, excluding 0.2 ppm. Mitotic anomalies were noted as disturbed prophase, stickiness, C-mitosis, chromatid bridges and laggards. The micronucleus was detected at interphase and its percentage was determined in the applied concentrations. Also, the comet assay was employed to examine the single strand breakages. Almost all of the used concentrations of oxyfluorfen increased DNA losses. A positive relationship was discovered between micronucleus occurrence and DNA loss.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Chromosomal aberrations Comet DNA loss Micronucleus Oxyfluorfen
Kaynakça
- Aydın G, Liman R 2020. Cyto-genotoxic effects of Pinoxaden on Allium cepa L. roots. Journal of Applied Genetics, 61: 349-357.
- Badr A 1983. Mitodepressive and chromotoxic activities of two herbicides in A. cepa. Cytologia, 48(2): 451-457.
- Bonciu E, Firbas P, Fontanetti CS, Wusheng J, Karaismailoğlu MC, Liu DH, Menicucci F, Pesnya DS, Popescu A, Romanovsky AV, Schiff S, Slusarczyk J, de Souza CP, Srivastava A, Sutan A, Papini A 2018. An evaluation for the standardization of the Allium cepa test as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay. Caryologia, 71(3): 191-209.
- Calderón MJ, Real M, Cabrera A, Koskinen WC, Cornejo J, Hermosín MC 2015. Influence of olive oil mill waste amendment on fate of oxyfluorfen in southern Spain soils. CLEAN-Soil, Air, Water, 43: 1107-1113.
- Camadro JM, Matringe M, Scalla R, Labbe P 1991. Kinetic studies on protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibition by diphenyl ether herbicides. Biochemical Journal, 277: 17-21.
- Carita R, Marin-Morales MA 2008. Induction of chromosome aberrations in the Allium cepa test system caused by the exposure of seeds to industrial effluents contaminated with azo dyes. Chemosphere, 72(5): 722-725.
- Cavas T 2011. In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of atrazine and atrazine–based herbicide on fish Carassius auratususing the micronucleus test and the comet assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(6): 1431-1435.
- Dragoeva A, Koleva V, Hasanova N, Slanev N 2012. Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Diphenyl-ether Herbicide GOAL (Oxyfluorfen) using the Allium cepa test. Research Journal of Mutagenesis, 2(1): 1-9.
- El-Rahman GIA, Ahmed SAA, Khalilb AA, Abd-Elhakim YM 2019. Assessment of hematological, hepato-renal, antioxidant, and hormonal responses of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of oxyfluorfen. Aquatic Toxicology, 217: 1-12.
- EPA 2002. Oxyfluorfen: Human Health Risk Assessment Health Effects Division (HED) Chapter for Registration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document. Registration Case No. 2490. Registration Case No. 2490. Chemical No. 111601.
- Gebel T, Kevekordes S, Pav K, Edenharder R, Dunkelberg H 1997. In vivo genotoxicity of selected herbicides in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test. Archives of Toxicology, 71(3): 193-197.
- Gichner T, Patková Z, Sza’ková J, Demnerová K 2004. Cadmium induces DNA damage in tobacco roots, but no DNA damage, somatic mutations or homologous recombinations in tobacco leaves. Mutation Research, 559(1–2): 49-57.
- Grant WF 1994. The present status of higher plant bioassays for the detection of environmental mutagens. Mutation Research, 310(2): 175-185.
- Kara M, Şanda MA, Ateş A 1994. Cytogenetic Effects of the Insecticide Cypermethrin on the Root Meristems of Allium cepa L. Turkish Journal of Biology,18: 323-331.
- Karaismailoğlu MC, Inceer H, Hayırlıoğlu-Ayaz S 2013. Effects of quizalofop-P-ethyl herbicide on the somatic chromosomes of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower). Ekoloji, 22(89): 49-56.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2014a. Investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Artemisia annua methanol extract with the Allium test. Ekoloji, 23(91): 64-74.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2014b. Evaluation of potential genotoxic effect of trifluralin in Helianthus annuus L. (Sunflower). Caryologia, 67(3): 216-221.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2015. Investigation of the potential toxic effects of prometryne herbicide on Allium cepa root tip cells with mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, micronucleus frequency, nuclear DNA amount and comet assay, Caryologia, 68(4): 323-329.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2017. Assessments on the potential genotoxic effects of fipronil insecticide on Allium cepa somatic cells. Caryologia, 70(4): 378-384.
- Kocyiğit A, Keles H, Selek S, Guzel S, Celik H, Erel O 2005. Increased DNA damage and oxidative stress in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Mutation Research, 585(1–2): 71-78.
- Konuk M, Liman R, Cigerci IH 2007. Determination of genotoxic effect of Boron on Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(1): 73-79.
- Liman R, Cigerci IH, Akyıl D, Eren Y, Konuk M 2011. Determination of genotoxicity of fenaminosulf by Allium and comet tests. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 99(1): 61-64.
- Liman R, Özkan S 2019. Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Allium cepa L. Root Meristem Cells Exposed to the Herbicide Penoxsulam. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi,15: 221-226.
- [MARA] Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs (Turkey) 2009. General directorate of protection and control; plant protection products. Ankara: Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs of Republic of Turkey.
- Mercykutty VC, Stephen J 1980. Adriamycin induced genetic toxicity as demonstrated by Allium cepa test. Cytologia, 45(4): 769-777.
- [NCBI] National Center for Biotechnology Information 2021. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 39327, Oxyfluorfen. Retrieved April 4, 2021 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Oxyfluorfen.
- Ping KY, Darah I, Yusuf UK, Yeng C, Sasidharan S 2012. Genotoxicity of Euphorbia hirta: an Allium cepa assay. Molecules, 17(7): 7782–7791.
- Rosculete CA, Bonciu E, Rosculete E, Olaru LA 2019. Determination of the Environmental Pollution Potential of Some Herbicides by the Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects on Allium cepa. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(1):75-83.
- Ribas G, Frenzilli G, Barale R, Marcos R 1995. Herbicide induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes evaluated by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. Mutation Research, 344(1–2): 41-54.
- Scolnic D, Halazonetis T 2000. Chfr defines a mitotic stress checkpoint that delays entry into metaphase. Nature, 406: 430-435.
- Shehab AS, Adam ZM 1983. Cytological effects of medicinal plants in Qatar III. Mitotic effect of water extract of Anastatica hierochuntico L. on Allium cepa. Cytologia, 48: 343-348.
- Singh P, Srivastava AK, Singh AK 2008. Cell cycle stage specific application of cypermethrin and carbendazim to assess the genotoxicity in somatic cells of Hordeum vulgare L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81(3): 258-261.
- Srivastava AK, Singh D 2020. Assessment of malathion toxicity on cytophysiological activity, DNA damage and antioxidant enzymes in root of Allium cepa model. Scientific Reports, 10: 886-896.
- SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
- Stagg NJ, LeBaron MJ, Eisenbrandt DL, Gollapudi BB, Klaunig JE 2012. Assessment of possible carcinogenicity of oxyfluorfen to humans using mode of action analysis of rodent liver effects. Toxicological Sciences, 128: 334-345.
- Turkoğlu S 2012. Determination of genotoxic effects of chlorfenvinphos and fenbuconazole in Allium cepa root cells by mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, DNA content, and comet assay. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 103(3): 224-230.
- Vieira dos Santos E, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA 2017. Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of atrazine and oxyfluorfen from spiked soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 322: 413-420.
- Yildiz M, Arikan ES 2008. Genotoxicity of quizalofop-P-ethyl herbicide using the Allium cepa anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration assay. Caryologia, 61(1): 45-52.
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Allium cepa'nın somatik hücrelerindeki mitotik indeks, mitotik aşamalar, kromozomal anormallikler, mikronükleus yüzdesi ve komet test parametreleri incelenerek oxyfluorfen herbisitinin sitotoksik ve genotoksik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kökler 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 ve 1.6 ppm herbisit konsantrasyonları ile 12, 24 ve 36 saat uygulama süreleriyle muamele edilmiştir. Mitotik indeks, 0.2 ppm haricinde, kontrol ile eşleştirildiğinde her uygulama grubunda oxyfluorfen tarafından gözle görülür şekilde azalmıştır. Mitotik aşamaların yüzdeleri değişmiştir. Oxyfluorfen, 0.2 ppm hariç olmak üzere, kontrollerinin aksine tüm uygulama gruplarında ve uygulama sürelerinde anormal hücre oranını önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Mitotik anormallikler, düzgün dağılmayan profaz, yapışkanlık, C-mitoz, kromatid köprüleri ve kalgın kromozomlar olarak kaydedilmiştir. Mikronükleus, interfazda tespit edilmiş ve uygulanan konsantrasyonlarda yüzdesi belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, comet analizi tek zincir kırılmalarını incelemek için kullanılmıştır. Oxyfluorfen’in kullanılan hemen hemen tüm konsantrasyonları DNA kayıplarını artırmıştır. Mikronükleus oluşumu ile DNA kaybı arasında pozitif bir ilişki keşfedilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kromozomal anormallikler Comet DNA kaybı Mikronükleus Oxyfluorfen
Kaynakça
- Aydın G, Liman R 2020. Cyto-genotoxic effects of Pinoxaden on Allium cepa L. roots. Journal of Applied Genetics, 61: 349-357.
- Badr A 1983. Mitodepressive and chromotoxic activities of two herbicides in A. cepa. Cytologia, 48(2): 451-457.
- Bonciu E, Firbas P, Fontanetti CS, Wusheng J, Karaismailoğlu MC, Liu DH, Menicucci F, Pesnya DS, Popescu A, Romanovsky AV, Schiff S, Slusarczyk J, de Souza CP, Srivastava A, Sutan A, Papini A 2018. An evaluation for the standardization of the Allium cepa test as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay. Caryologia, 71(3): 191-209.
- Calderón MJ, Real M, Cabrera A, Koskinen WC, Cornejo J, Hermosín MC 2015. Influence of olive oil mill waste amendment on fate of oxyfluorfen in southern Spain soils. CLEAN-Soil, Air, Water, 43: 1107-1113.
- Camadro JM, Matringe M, Scalla R, Labbe P 1991. Kinetic studies on protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibition by diphenyl ether herbicides. Biochemical Journal, 277: 17-21.
- Carita R, Marin-Morales MA 2008. Induction of chromosome aberrations in the Allium cepa test system caused by the exposure of seeds to industrial effluents contaminated with azo dyes. Chemosphere, 72(5): 722-725.
- Cavas T 2011. In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of atrazine and atrazine–based herbicide on fish Carassius auratususing the micronucleus test and the comet assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(6): 1431-1435.
- Dragoeva A, Koleva V, Hasanova N, Slanev N 2012. Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Diphenyl-ether Herbicide GOAL (Oxyfluorfen) using the Allium cepa test. Research Journal of Mutagenesis, 2(1): 1-9.
- El-Rahman GIA, Ahmed SAA, Khalilb AA, Abd-Elhakim YM 2019. Assessment of hematological, hepato-renal, antioxidant, and hormonal responses of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of oxyfluorfen. Aquatic Toxicology, 217: 1-12.
- EPA 2002. Oxyfluorfen: Human Health Risk Assessment Health Effects Division (HED) Chapter for Registration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document. Registration Case No. 2490. Registration Case No. 2490. Chemical No. 111601.
- Gebel T, Kevekordes S, Pav K, Edenharder R, Dunkelberg H 1997. In vivo genotoxicity of selected herbicides in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test. Archives of Toxicology, 71(3): 193-197.
- Gichner T, Patková Z, Sza’ková J, Demnerová K 2004. Cadmium induces DNA damage in tobacco roots, but no DNA damage, somatic mutations or homologous recombinations in tobacco leaves. Mutation Research, 559(1–2): 49-57.
- Grant WF 1994. The present status of higher plant bioassays for the detection of environmental mutagens. Mutation Research, 310(2): 175-185.
- Kara M, Şanda MA, Ateş A 1994. Cytogenetic Effects of the Insecticide Cypermethrin on the Root Meristems of Allium cepa L. Turkish Journal of Biology,18: 323-331.
- Karaismailoğlu MC, Inceer H, Hayırlıoğlu-Ayaz S 2013. Effects of quizalofop-P-ethyl herbicide on the somatic chromosomes of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower). Ekoloji, 22(89): 49-56.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2014a. Investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Artemisia annua methanol extract with the Allium test. Ekoloji, 23(91): 64-74.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2014b. Evaluation of potential genotoxic effect of trifluralin in Helianthus annuus L. (Sunflower). Caryologia, 67(3): 216-221.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2015. Investigation of the potential toxic effects of prometryne herbicide on Allium cepa root tip cells with mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, micronucleus frequency, nuclear DNA amount and comet assay, Caryologia, 68(4): 323-329.
- Karaismailoğlu MC 2017. Assessments on the potential genotoxic effects of fipronil insecticide on Allium cepa somatic cells. Caryologia, 70(4): 378-384.
- Kocyiğit A, Keles H, Selek S, Guzel S, Celik H, Erel O 2005. Increased DNA damage and oxidative stress in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Mutation Research, 585(1–2): 71-78.
- Konuk M, Liman R, Cigerci IH 2007. Determination of genotoxic effect of Boron on Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(1): 73-79.
- Liman R, Cigerci IH, Akyıl D, Eren Y, Konuk M 2011. Determination of genotoxicity of fenaminosulf by Allium and comet tests. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 99(1): 61-64.
- Liman R, Özkan S 2019. Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Allium cepa L. Root Meristem Cells Exposed to the Herbicide Penoxsulam. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi,15: 221-226.
- [MARA] Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs (Turkey) 2009. General directorate of protection and control; plant protection products. Ankara: Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs of Republic of Turkey.
- Mercykutty VC, Stephen J 1980. Adriamycin induced genetic toxicity as demonstrated by Allium cepa test. Cytologia, 45(4): 769-777.
- [NCBI] National Center for Biotechnology Information 2021. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 39327, Oxyfluorfen. Retrieved April 4, 2021 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Oxyfluorfen.
- Ping KY, Darah I, Yusuf UK, Yeng C, Sasidharan S 2012. Genotoxicity of Euphorbia hirta: an Allium cepa assay. Molecules, 17(7): 7782–7791.
- Rosculete CA, Bonciu E, Rosculete E, Olaru LA 2019. Determination of the Environmental Pollution Potential of Some Herbicides by the Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects on Allium cepa. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(1):75-83.
- Ribas G, Frenzilli G, Barale R, Marcos R 1995. Herbicide induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes evaluated by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. Mutation Research, 344(1–2): 41-54.
- Scolnic D, Halazonetis T 2000. Chfr defines a mitotic stress checkpoint that delays entry into metaphase. Nature, 406: 430-435.
- Shehab AS, Adam ZM 1983. Cytological effects of medicinal plants in Qatar III. Mitotic effect of water extract of Anastatica hierochuntico L. on Allium cepa. Cytologia, 48: 343-348.
- Singh P, Srivastava AK, Singh AK 2008. Cell cycle stage specific application of cypermethrin and carbendazim to assess the genotoxicity in somatic cells of Hordeum vulgare L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81(3): 258-261.
- Srivastava AK, Singh D 2020. Assessment of malathion toxicity on cytophysiological activity, DNA damage and antioxidant enzymes in root of Allium cepa model. Scientific Reports, 10: 886-896.
- SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
- Stagg NJ, LeBaron MJ, Eisenbrandt DL, Gollapudi BB, Klaunig JE 2012. Assessment of possible carcinogenicity of oxyfluorfen to humans using mode of action analysis of rodent liver effects. Toxicological Sciences, 128: 334-345.
- Turkoğlu S 2012. Determination of genotoxic effects of chlorfenvinphos and fenbuconazole in Allium cepa root cells by mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, DNA content, and comet assay. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 103(3): 224-230.
- Vieira dos Santos E, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA 2017. Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of atrazine and oxyfluorfen from spiked soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 322: 413-420.
- Yildiz M, Arikan ES 2008. Genotoxicity of quizalofop-P-ethyl herbicide using the Allium cepa anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration assay. Caryologia, 61(1): 45-52.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yapısal Biyoloji |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 19 Ocak 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 20 Mayıs 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |
Cited By
Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of bisphenol S on onion root tips by Allium cepa and comet tests
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21888-2
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