Pathogenicity of Different Rhizobium radiobacter (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) Isolates and Their Identification with Conventional Methods
Öz
Rhizobium radiobacter is a significant causal agent that ranks among the top ten bacteria of molecular plant pathology in the world, has the largest range of hosts among plant pathogenic bacteria, and limits production and leads to economic losses in agriculture. The distinctive feature of the causal agent from other bacteria is the Ti plasmid, the extrachromosomal structure present in all virulent types. In this study, virulence of five R. radiobacter isolates (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B and RK 473) isolated from different rootstocks was tested in carrot slices, squash fruits, kalanchoe leaves, tomato and sunflower seedlings, and GF677, M9 and MM106 rootstocks, and hypersensitive response tests were conducted in tobacco plant. The isolates were diagnosed with biochemical and physiological tests by classical methods. All isolates formed tumors in carrot slices and squash fruits. 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B isolates formed tumors in the stem of GF677 peach rootstock, while it did not form any tumors on the stems of M9 and MM106 rootstocks. Tumor formation was observed in 1B isolate in the root application of GF677 peach rootstock, while no tumor formation was observed in other isolates. RK 473 isolate became pathogenic in M9 and MM106 apple rootstocks, while it was observed that the other isolates did not form any tumors. It was seen that none of the isolates became pathogenic in tomato and sunflower root and stem, and kalanchoe leaf applications. According to the virulence test results, 1B isolate was found out to be the most virulent isolate. Biochemical and physiological tests revealed the differences between isolates.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biochemical identification Pathogenicity test Rhizobium radiobacter (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) Rootstock Virulence.
Teşekkür
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Raziye ÇETİNKAYA YILDIZ, sharing the pathogen isolates with us. I would like to thanks, Elma Agriculture and Agricultural Tools Food Transport Tourism Industry and Trade Limited Company (Isparta), which helps in the supply of rootstocks; Süpersol Biotechnology Ananim Company (İzmir), which helps in the use of laboratory devices and Kotan Biotechnology Arge Consultancy Production Industry and Trade Limited Company (Erzurum) for their assistance in the supply of chemicals. I would like to thanks Atatürk University Plant Production Center for helping me to use the greenhouse while doing my greenhouse works. Ph.D. thesis of Nasibe TEKİNER is partially used to produce this manuscript.
Kaynakça
- Agrios GN 1997. Plant Pathology. 4th ed., Academic Press, Department of Plant Pathology University of Florida, Academic Press 635p, USA.
- Agaoglu YS, Celik H, Celik M, Fidan Y, Gulsen Y, Gunay A, Halloran N, Koksal AI, Yanmaz R 1997. Genel Bahçe Bitkileri 4. A.Ü.Z.F. Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları, Ankara.
- Anderson AR, Moore M 1979. Host Spesificity in the Genus Agrobacterium. The American Phytopathogenic Society 69(4): 320-323.
- Burr TJ, Reid CL, Tagliatti E, Bazzi C 1995. Survival and Tumorigenicity of Agrobacterium vitis in Living and Decaying Grape Roots and Canes in Soil. Plant Disease 79: 677-682.
- Canik Orel D 2013. Türkiye Bağ Alanlarında Rhizobium vitis’in Varlığı ve Bazı Genetik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 104 sy.
- Collins HA 2001. Agrobacterium tumefaciens. www.cals.ncsu.edu.
- De Cleene DM, De Ley J 1976. The Host Range of Crown Gall. The Botanical Review 42: 389-466.
- Deng W, Nester EW 1998. Determinants of Host Specificity of Agrobacterium and Their Function. In: Spaink H.P., Kondorosi A., Hooykaas P.J.J. (eds) The Rhizobiaceae. Springer, Dordrecht 321-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5060-6_16.
- Eastwell KC, Sholberg PL, Sayler RJ 2006. Characterizing Bacterial Biocontrol Agents for Supression of Rhizobium vitis, a Casual Agent Crown Gall Disease Grapevines. Crop Protection 25: 1191-1200.
- EPPO 2019. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, www.eppo.org (13.05.2020).
- FAO 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States (FAO), www.faostat.org.
- Gupta AK, Khosla K, Bhardwaj SS, Thakur A, Devi S, Jarial RS, Sharma C, Singh KP, Srivastava DK, La R 2010. Biological Control of Crown Gall on Peach and Cherry Rootstock Colt by Native Agrobacterium radiobacter Isolates. The Open Horticulture Journal 3: 1-10.
- Jaeger RJ 1974. Factors Affecting a Bioassay for Agrobacterıum tumefaciens in Natural Soil. Oregon State University, Institute of Science, Master Thesis, 37 p.
- Kado CI, Crossa, JH 1994. Molecular mechanisms of bacterial virulence. Springer Science Business Media, California, 587 p.
- Kerr A 1969. Crown Gall of Stone Fruit. 1. Isolation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and related species. Australin Journal of Biological Science 22: 111-116.
- Kerr A 1991. The Genus Agrobacterium. In: Balows A, Trüper HG, Dworkin M, Harder Wand Schleifer KH (eds) The Prokaryotes 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, III: 2214-2235.
- Knauf VC, Panagopoulos CG, Nester EW 1982. Genetic Factors Controlling the Host Range of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Phytopathology 72: 1545-1549.
- Kovacs N 1956. Identication of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the Oxidase Reaction. Nature, London, 170-173. Lacroix B, Citovsky V 2016. Transfer of DNA from Bacteria to Eukaryotes. mBio 7(4): 1-16.
- Lelliot RA, Stead DE 1987. Methods for the Diagnosis Of Bacterial Diseases of Plants. Black Well Scientific Puplication 157.
- Limanska N, Korotaeva N, Biscola V, Ivanytsia T, Merlich A 2015. Study of the Potential Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Control of Infection Caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology 6: 292.
- Lipincott JA, Lipincott BB, Starr MP 1981. The Genus Agrobacterium. Phytopathogenic Bacteria, Springer, 842-855.
- Lippincott BB, Lippincott JA 1969. Bacterial Attachment to A Specific Wound Site as an Essential Stage in Tumour Initiation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Journal of Bacteriology 97: 620-628.
- Marti R, Cubero J, Daza A, Piquer J, Salcedo CI, Morente C, Lopez MM 1999. Evidence of Migration and Endophytic Presence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Rose Plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology 105: 39-50.
- Minnemeyer S, Lighrfoot L, Matthysse AG 1991. A Semiguantitatue Bioassay for Relative Virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strains on Bryophyllum daigoromontiana. Journal of Bacteriology 173: 7723-7724.
- Moore LW, Canfield M 1996. Biology of Agrobacterium and Management of Crown Gall Disease. In: Hall R (ed) Principles and Practice of Managing Soilborne Plant Pathogens, 151-191.
- Moore LW, Bouzar H, Burr TJ 2001. Agrobacterium. In: Schaad N W, Jones J B and Chun W (Eds.), Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. American Phytopathological Society Press, 17-33p.
- Owens LD, Cress DE 1985. Genotypic Variability of Soybean Response to Agrobacterium Strains Harboring the Ti or Ri Plasmids. Plant Physiology 77: 87-94.
- Penyalver R, Vicedo B, Lopez MM 2000. Use of Genetically Engineered Agrobacterium Strain K1026 for Biological Control of Crown Gall. European Journal of Plant Pathology 106: 801-810.
- Pulawska J 2010. Crown Gall of Stone Fruits and Nuts, Economic Significance and Diversity of Its Causal Agents: Tumorigenic Agrobacterium spp. Journal of Plant Pathology, 92(1): 87-98.
- Puławska J, Warabieda W, Ismail E 2016. Identification and Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Crown Galls on Stone Fruits in Poland. Plant Pathology 65: 1034-1043.
- Romanenko VM, Perepnikhatka VI 1984. Flagellae of Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. Mikrobiologilicherkii Zhurnal, 46: 66-68.
- Roy SC 2015. Gene Transfer in Higher Plants for the Development of Genetically Modified Crops (GM crops). International Journal of Current Advanced Research 4(6): 132-148.
- Ryder MH, Tate ME, Kerr A 1985. Virulence Properties of Strains of Agrobacterium on the Apical and Basal Surfaces of Carrot Root Discs. Plant Physiology 77: 215-221.
- Saygılı H, Sahin F, Aysan Y 2008. Bitki Bakteri Hastalıkları. Meta Basım Matbaacılık, 317, İzmir, Türkiye.
- Tolba IH, Soliman MA 2013. Efficacy of Native Antagonistic Bacterial Isolates in Biological Control of Crown Gall Disease in Egypt. Annals of Agricultural Science 58(19): 43-49.
- Yamankaradeniz R 1981. Beslenme ve Sağlık Yönünden Meyvelerin Önemi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi,12(1): 183-193.
- Yuzbasıoglu Geylani E 2014. Farklı Konukçu Bitkilerden İzole Edilen Agrobacterium tumefaciens İzolatlarının Fenotipik ve Genotipik Karakterizasyonu. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 104 sy.
- Zambryski PC 1998. Basic Processes Underlying Agrobacterium-mediated DNA Transfer to Plant Cells. Annual Review Genetics 22: 1-33.
Farklı Rhizobium radiobacter (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) İzolatlarının Patojeniteleri ve Konvensiyonel Yöntemlerle Tanımlanması
Öz
Rhizobium radiobacter, dünyada moleküler bitki patolojisinde ilk on bakteri içerisinde yer alan, bitki patojeni bakteriler içerisinde en geniş konukçu dizisine sahip olan, fidan yetiştiriciliğinde üretimi sınırlayan ve ekonomik kayıplara neden olan önemli bir hastalık etmenidir. Etmeni diğer bakterilerden ayırıcı özelliği tüm virülent türlerinde bulunan ekstrakromozomal yapı olan Ti plazmitidir. Bu çalışmada farklı fidanlardan izole edilmiş beş R. radiobacter izolatının (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B ve RK 473) virülanslıkları havuç dilimi, kabak meyvesi, kalonşe yaprağı, domates ve ayçiçeği fideleri, GF677, M9 ve MM106 anaçlarında test edilmiş ve tütün bitkisinde aşırı duyarlılık testi yapılmıştır. İzolatların biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik testler ile klasik yöntemlerle tanısı yapılmıştır. Tüm izolatlar havuç dilimi ve kabak meyvesinde ur oluşturmuştur. 1A, 1B, 2A ve 2B izolatları GF677 şeftali anacının gövdesinde ur oluştururken, M9 ve MM106 elma anaçlarının gövdesinde ur oluşturmamıştır. GF677 şeftali anacının kök uygulamasında 1B izolatında ur oluşumu gözlemlenirken diğer izolatlarda ur oluşumu gözlemlenememiştir. RK 473 izolatı M9 ve MM106 elma anaçlarında patojen olurken, diğer izolatların ur oluşturmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Tüm izolatların domates kök ve gövde, ayçiçeği gövde ve kalonşe yaprak uygulamalarında patojen olmadıkları görülmüştür. Virülanslık test sonucunda 1B izolatı en virülant izolat olarak belirlenmiştir. İzolatlar arasında biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik test sonuçlarında farklılıklar bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Agrios GN 1997. Plant Pathology. 4th ed., Academic Press, Department of Plant Pathology University of Florida, Academic Press 635p, USA.
- Agaoglu YS, Celik H, Celik M, Fidan Y, Gulsen Y, Gunay A, Halloran N, Koksal AI, Yanmaz R 1997. Genel Bahçe Bitkileri 4. A.Ü.Z.F. Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları, Ankara.
- Anderson AR, Moore M 1979. Host Spesificity in the Genus Agrobacterium. The American Phytopathogenic Society 69(4): 320-323.
- Burr TJ, Reid CL, Tagliatti E, Bazzi C 1995. Survival and Tumorigenicity of Agrobacterium vitis in Living and Decaying Grape Roots and Canes in Soil. Plant Disease 79: 677-682.
- Canik Orel D 2013. Türkiye Bağ Alanlarında Rhizobium vitis’in Varlığı ve Bazı Genetik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 104 sy.
- Collins HA 2001. Agrobacterium tumefaciens. www.cals.ncsu.edu.
- De Cleene DM, De Ley J 1976. The Host Range of Crown Gall. The Botanical Review 42: 389-466.
- Deng W, Nester EW 1998. Determinants of Host Specificity of Agrobacterium and Their Function. In: Spaink H.P., Kondorosi A., Hooykaas P.J.J. (eds) The Rhizobiaceae. Springer, Dordrecht 321-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5060-6_16.
- Eastwell KC, Sholberg PL, Sayler RJ 2006. Characterizing Bacterial Biocontrol Agents for Supression of Rhizobium vitis, a Casual Agent Crown Gall Disease Grapevines. Crop Protection 25: 1191-1200.
- EPPO 2019. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, www.eppo.org (13.05.2020).
- FAO 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States (FAO), www.faostat.org.
- Gupta AK, Khosla K, Bhardwaj SS, Thakur A, Devi S, Jarial RS, Sharma C, Singh KP, Srivastava DK, La R 2010. Biological Control of Crown Gall on Peach and Cherry Rootstock Colt by Native Agrobacterium radiobacter Isolates. The Open Horticulture Journal 3: 1-10.
- Jaeger RJ 1974. Factors Affecting a Bioassay for Agrobacterıum tumefaciens in Natural Soil. Oregon State University, Institute of Science, Master Thesis, 37 p.
- Kado CI, Crossa, JH 1994. Molecular mechanisms of bacterial virulence. Springer Science Business Media, California, 587 p.
- Kerr A 1969. Crown Gall of Stone Fruit. 1. Isolation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and related species. Australin Journal of Biological Science 22: 111-116.
- Kerr A 1991. The Genus Agrobacterium. In: Balows A, Trüper HG, Dworkin M, Harder Wand Schleifer KH (eds) The Prokaryotes 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, III: 2214-2235.
- Knauf VC, Panagopoulos CG, Nester EW 1982. Genetic Factors Controlling the Host Range of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Phytopathology 72: 1545-1549.
- Kovacs N 1956. Identication of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the Oxidase Reaction. Nature, London, 170-173. Lacroix B, Citovsky V 2016. Transfer of DNA from Bacteria to Eukaryotes. mBio 7(4): 1-16.
- Lelliot RA, Stead DE 1987. Methods for the Diagnosis Of Bacterial Diseases of Plants. Black Well Scientific Puplication 157.
- Limanska N, Korotaeva N, Biscola V, Ivanytsia T, Merlich A 2015. Study of the Potential Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Control of Infection Caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology 6: 292.
- Lipincott JA, Lipincott BB, Starr MP 1981. The Genus Agrobacterium. Phytopathogenic Bacteria, Springer, 842-855.
- Lippincott BB, Lippincott JA 1969. Bacterial Attachment to A Specific Wound Site as an Essential Stage in Tumour Initiation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Journal of Bacteriology 97: 620-628.
- Marti R, Cubero J, Daza A, Piquer J, Salcedo CI, Morente C, Lopez MM 1999. Evidence of Migration and Endophytic Presence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Rose Plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology 105: 39-50.
- Minnemeyer S, Lighrfoot L, Matthysse AG 1991. A Semiguantitatue Bioassay for Relative Virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strains on Bryophyllum daigoromontiana. Journal of Bacteriology 173: 7723-7724.
- Moore LW, Canfield M 1996. Biology of Agrobacterium and Management of Crown Gall Disease. In: Hall R (ed) Principles and Practice of Managing Soilborne Plant Pathogens, 151-191.
- Moore LW, Bouzar H, Burr TJ 2001. Agrobacterium. In: Schaad N W, Jones J B and Chun W (Eds.), Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. American Phytopathological Society Press, 17-33p.
- Owens LD, Cress DE 1985. Genotypic Variability of Soybean Response to Agrobacterium Strains Harboring the Ti or Ri Plasmids. Plant Physiology 77: 87-94.
- Penyalver R, Vicedo B, Lopez MM 2000. Use of Genetically Engineered Agrobacterium Strain K1026 for Biological Control of Crown Gall. European Journal of Plant Pathology 106: 801-810.
- Pulawska J 2010. Crown Gall of Stone Fruits and Nuts, Economic Significance and Diversity of Its Causal Agents: Tumorigenic Agrobacterium spp. Journal of Plant Pathology, 92(1): 87-98.
- Puławska J, Warabieda W, Ismail E 2016. Identification and Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Crown Galls on Stone Fruits in Poland. Plant Pathology 65: 1034-1043.
- Romanenko VM, Perepnikhatka VI 1984. Flagellae of Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. Mikrobiologilicherkii Zhurnal, 46: 66-68.
- Roy SC 2015. Gene Transfer in Higher Plants for the Development of Genetically Modified Crops (GM crops). International Journal of Current Advanced Research 4(6): 132-148.
- Ryder MH, Tate ME, Kerr A 1985. Virulence Properties of Strains of Agrobacterium on the Apical and Basal Surfaces of Carrot Root Discs. Plant Physiology 77: 215-221.
- Saygılı H, Sahin F, Aysan Y 2008. Bitki Bakteri Hastalıkları. Meta Basım Matbaacılık, 317, İzmir, Türkiye.
- Tolba IH, Soliman MA 2013. Efficacy of Native Antagonistic Bacterial Isolates in Biological Control of Crown Gall Disease in Egypt. Annals of Agricultural Science 58(19): 43-49.
- Yamankaradeniz R 1981. Beslenme ve Sağlık Yönünden Meyvelerin Önemi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi,12(1): 183-193.
- Yuzbasıoglu Geylani E 2014. Farklı Konukçu Bitkilerden İzole Edilen Agrobacterium tumefaciens İzolatlarının Fenotipik ve Genotipik Karakterizasyonu. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 104 sy.
- Zambryski PC 1998. Basic Processes Underlying Agrobacterium-mediated DNA Transfer to Plant Cells. Annual Review Genetics 22: 1-33.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 29 Temmuz 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 2 Aralık 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |
Kaynak Göster
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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