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A Research on the Forage Yield and Agromorphological Characteristics of Some Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) Cultivars under Second Crop Conditions in the Cukurova Region

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 4, 910 - 919, 15.08.2024

Hasan Beytullah Dönmez , Rüştü Hatipoğlu

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1395888

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the herbage yield and some geomorphological characteristics of some pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) cultivars that can be grown under second-crop conditions in the Cukurova Region. The experiment was established according to a randomized block design with 3 replications in the research area of the Field Crops Department of the Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Five pearl millet cultivars (Ashana, Heveahri, White, Yellow, and Tifleaf 3) were tested in the study. In the study, significant differences were found among pearl millet cultivars in terms of plant height, green forage yield, hay yield, leaf ratio, stem diameter, and number of tillers. In addition, there were significant and positive correlations between plant height and green herb yield (0.9773**), significant and positive correlations between green forage yield (0.9562*), significant and negative correlations between leaf ratio (-0.9417*), significant and positive correlations between green forage yield and hay yield (0.9932**), significant and negative correlations between leaf ratio (-0.9889**), and significant and negative correlations between hay yield and leaf ratio (-0.9916**). In light of the present findings, it was concluded that pearl millet can be an alternative to corn and sorghum in second-crop conditions. White and Heveahri cultivars were superior to other cultivars in terms of hay yield, and new research should be carried out to determine the hay quality and silage yield of the cultivars examined.

Keywords

Pearl millet Second crop Hay yield Agromorphological characteristics

References

  • Abd El-Lattief, E. A. (2011). Growth and fodder yield of forage pearl millet in newly cultivated land as affected by date of planting and integrated use of mineral and organic fertilizers. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 3 (1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.3923/ ajcs.2011.35.42.
  • Açıkgöz, E. (2021). Yem Bitkileri (IV. Baskı). T.C. Tarım Orman Bakanlığı Eğitim ve Yayın Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Alçiçek, A. (2021). Türkiye Kaba Yem İhtiyacının Hesaplanması. Türkiye Hayvancılığında Kaba Yem Sorunları ve Çözüm Yolları Çalıştayı, Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, 21-22 Haziran 2021, ss. 67.
  • Anonim, (2019). T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı Meteorolojik Veri Bilgi Sunum ve Satış Sistemi. https://mevbis. mgm.gov.tr/mevbis/ui/index.html#/Workspace. (Alınma Tarihi: 07.12.2021).
  • Aswini, M. S., Ganesan, K. N., & Ezhilarasi, T. (2023). The correlation between green fodder yield and fodder quality traits in hybrids of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucus (L.) R. Br.]. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 35 (19), 1975-1983.
  • Benek, A., & Geren, H. (2023). İnci darısı (Pennisetum glaucum)’nın tane verimi ve bazı verim unsurlarına farklı azot ve fosfor seviyelerinin etkisi üzerine bir ön çalışma. ISPEC Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (1), 36-44.
  • Bouchard, A., Vanasse, A., Seguin, P., & Bélanger, G. (2011). Yield and composition of sweet pearl millet as affected by row spacing and seeding rate. Agronomy Journal, 103 (4), 995-1001. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0492.
  • Choudhary, S., Chopra, N. K., Chopra, N. K., Singh, M., Kumar, R., & Kushwaha, M. (2017). Influence of nitrogen levels and weed management practices on yield and quality of forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 34 (1), 64-69. doi:10.5958/2231-6744.2017.00010.X.
  • Craufurd, P. Q., & Bidinger, F. R. (1988). Effect of the duration of the vegetative phase on shoot growth, development, and yield in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). Journal of Experimental Botany, 39 (1), 124-139. https://doi.org/10.1093/ jxb/39.1.124.
  • Dumanoğlu, Z., Özdemir, S., & Kökten, K. (2022). Farklı inci darısı (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) genotiplerine ait tohumların bazı morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. ISPEC Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 6 (1), 64-71.
  • Dönmez, H. B. (2022). Akdeniz İklim Koşullarında Koruyucu Bitki Türü, Tohumluk Miktarı ve Hasat Zamanının Çokyıllık Suni Mera Karışımının Ot Verimi ve Kalitesine Etkileri (Tez no 770916). [Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Govindaraj, M., Selvi, B., Rajarathinam, S., & Sumathi, P. (2011). genetic variability and heritability of grain yield components and grain mineral concentration in India’s pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.) accessions. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 11 (3), 4758-4771. https://doi.org/ 10.4314/ajfand.v11i3.66627.
  • Hassan, M. U., Ahmad, A. H., Zamir, S. I., Haq, I., Khalid, F., Rasool, T., & Hussain, A. (2014). Growth, yield, and quality performance of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) varieties under Faisalabad conditions, Pakistan. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5 (15), 2215-2223. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.515235.
  • Hatipoğlu, R., & Tükel, T. (2009). Darılar. In R. Avcıoğlu, R. Hatipoğlu, & Y. Karadağ (Eds.), Yembitkileri (Buğdaygil ve Diğer Familyalardan Yembitkileri). T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Üretim ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Hatipoğlu, R., Serbester, U., Avcı, M., & Dönmez, H. B. (2020). Adana ilinde kaba yem üretim durumu ve geliştirilme olanakları. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8 (7), 1497-1501. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i7. 1497-1501.3383.
  • Izge, A. U., Kadams, A. M., & Sajo, A. A. (2007). Agronomic performance of selected cultivars of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br.) and their hybrids in North-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Agronomy, 6 (2), 344-349. https://doi.org/10.3923/ ja.2007.344.349.
  • Jukanti, A. K., Gowda, C. L. L., Rai, K. N., Manga, V. K., & Bhatt, R. K. (2016). Crops that feed the world 11. Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.): an important source of food security, nutrition, and health in the arid and semi-arid tropics. Food Security, 8, 307-329. Doi: 10.1007/s12571-016-0557-y.
  • Kaur, M., & Goyal, M. (2019). Influence of different nitrogen levels on growth, yield, and quality of forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) genotypes. Forage Research, 45 (1), 43-46.
  • Kızılkaya, R. (2020). Toprak Analiz Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Neris Yatırım Gıda İnş. San. ve Tic. A.Ş, Ankara, 13 sy.
  • Kumar, Y., Lamba, R. A. S., Yadav, H. P., Kumar, R., & Vart, D. (2014). Studies on variability and character association under rainfed conditions in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) hybrids. Forage Research, 39 (4), 175-178.
  • Kumawat, K. R., Sharma, N. K. & Sharma, N. (2019). Genetic variability and character association analysis in pearl millet single cross hybrids under dry conditions of Rajasthan. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 10 (3), 1067-1070.
  • Lemus, R. (2015). Pearl millet: Pinpoint Forage for Summer Grazing. Forage news. Mississippi State University Extension Service, 8 (4), 1-2.
  • Maas, A. L., Hanna, W. W., & Mullinix, B. G. (2007). Planting date and row spacing affect grain yield and height of pearl millet Tifgrain 102 in the Southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, 5 (1), 1-4.
  • Makarana, G., Yadav, R. K., Kumar, R., Kumar, A., Soni, P. G., Kar, S., & Rajvaidya, S. K. (2018). Fodder and grain quality of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) undercutting management in saline irrigation water. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7 (3), 1251-1257.
  • Mason, S. C., Maman, N., & Palé, S. (2015). Pearl millet production practices in semi-arid west Africa: a review. Experimental Agriculture, 51 (4), 501-521. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479714000441.
  • Noor, M. A., Fiaz, S., Nawaz, A., & Nawaz, M. M. (2018). The effects of cutting interval on agro-qualitative traits of different millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) cultivars. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 17 (3), 317-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2016.07.002.
  • Obeng, E., Cebert, E., Singh, B. P., Ward, R., Nyochembeng, L. M., & Mays, D. A. (2012). Growth and grain yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) genotypes at different levels of nitrogen fertilization in the Southeastern United States. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4 (12), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v4n12p155.
  • Piri, I., & Tavassoli, A. (2012). Determining the best management of nitrogen fertilizer consumption and harvest time of forage yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in Shirvan region. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6 (10), 2287-2293. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr11.918.
  • Salama, H. S. A., Shaalan, A. M., & Nasser, M. E. A. (2020). Forage performance of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) in arid regions: yield and quality assessment of new genotypes on different sowing dates. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 80 (4), 572-584. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392020000400572.
  • Santos, R. D., Neves, A. L. A., Pereira, L. G. R., Sollenberger, L. E., Muniz, E. N., Souza, E. Y. B., Sobral, A. J. S., Costa, N. V., & Gonçalves, L. C. (2020). Performance, agronomic traits, availability, and nutritive value of pearl millet cultivar harvested at different growth stages. Journal of Agricultural Science, 158 (3), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859620000222.
  • Shah, I. A., Rahman, H. U., Shah, S. M. A., Shah, Z., Rahman, S., Noor, I., & Noor, M. (2012). Characterization of pearl millet germplasm for various morphological and fodder yield parameters. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44 (1), 273-279.
  • Shahin, M. G., Abdrabou, R. T., Abdelmoemn, W. R., & Hamada, M. M. (2013). Response of growth and forage yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) to nitrogen fertilization rates and cutting height. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 58 (2), 153-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2013.07.009.
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Çukurova Bölgesi İkinci Ürün Koşullarında Bazı İnci Darı (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) Çeşitlerinin Ot Verimleri ve Agromorfolojik Özellikleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 4, 910 - 919, 15.08.2024

Hasan Beytullah Dönmez , Rüştü Hatipoğlu

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1395888

Abstract

Bu araştırma, Çukurova Bölgesi ikinci ürün koşullarında yetiştirilebilecek bazı inci darı (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) çeşitlerinin ot verimleri ve bazı agromorfolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Araştırma ve Uygulama arazisinde, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada 5 adet inci darı çeşidi (Ashana, Heveahri, White, Yellow, Tifleaf 3) test edilmiştir. Araştırmada, bitki boyu, yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, yaprak oranı, sap çapı ve kardeş sayısı bakımından inci darı çeşitleri arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bitki boyu ile yeşil ot verimi (0.9773**) arasında çok önemli ve olumlu, kuru ot verimi (0.9562*) arasında önemli ve olumlu, yaprak oranı (-0.9417*) arasında önemli ve olumsuz; yeşil ot verimi ile kuru ot verimi (0.9932**) arasında çok önemli ve olumlu, yaprak oranı (-0.9889**) arasında çok önemli ve olumsuz; kuru ot verimi ile yaprak oranı (-0.9916**) arasında çok önemli ve negatif ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Mevcut bulgular doğrultusunda, inci darı çeşitlerinin ikinci ürün koşullarında mısır ve sorguma alternatif olabileceği, ot verimi bakımından White ve Heveahri çeşitlerinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha üstün olduğu, incelenen çeşitlerin ot kaliteleri ve silaj verimlerinin belirlenerek yeni araştırmaların yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

İnci darı İkinci ürün Ot verimi Agromorfolojik özellikler

References

  • Abd El-Lattief, E. A. (2011). Growth and fodder yield of forage pearl millet in newly cultivated land as affected by date of planting and integrated use of mineral and organic fertilizers. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 3 (1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.3923/ ajcs.2011.35.42.
  • Açıkgöz, E. (2021). Yem Bitkileri (IV. Baskı). T.C. Tarım Orman Bakanlığı Eğitim ve Yayın Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Alçiçek, A. (2021). Türkiye Kaba Yem İhtiyacının Hesaplanması. Türkiye Hayvancılığında Kaba Yem Sorunları ve Çözüm Yolları Çalıştayı, Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, 21-22 Haziran 2021, ss. 67.
  • Anonim, (2019). T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı Meteorolojik Veri Bilgi Sunum ve Satış Sistemi. https://mevbis. mgm.gov.tr/mevbis/ui/index.html#/Workspace. (Alınma Tarihi: 07.12.2021).
  • Aswini, M. S., Ganesan, K. N., & Ezhilarasi, T. (2023). The correlation between green fodder yield and fodder quality traits in hybrids of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucus (L.) R. Br.]. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 35 (19), 1975-1983.
  • Benek, A., & Geren, H. (2023). İnci darısı (Pennisetum glaucum)’nın tane verimi ve bazı verim unsurlarına farklı azot ve fosfor seviyelerinin etkisi üzerine bir ön çalışma. ISPEC Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (1), 36-44.
  • Bouchard, A., Vanasse, A., Seguin, P., & Bélanger, G. (2011). Yield and composition of sweet pearl millet as affected by row spacing and seeding rate. Agronomy Journal, 103 (4), 995-1001. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0492.
  • Choudhary, S., Chopra, N. K., Chopra, N. K., Singh, M., Kumar, R., & Kushwaha, M. (2017). Influence of nitrogen levels and weed management practices on yield and quality of forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 34 (1), 64-69. doi:10.5958/2231-6744.2017.00010.X.
  • Craufurd, P. Q., & Bidinger, F. R. (1988). Effect of the duration of the vegetative phase on shoot growth, development, and yield in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). Journal of Experimental Botany, 39 (1), 124-139. https://doi.org/10.1093/ jxb/39.1.124.
  • Dumanoğlu, Z., Özdemir, S., & Kökten, K. (2022). Farklı inci darısı (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) genotiplerine ait tohumların bazı morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. ISPEC Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 6 (1), 64-71.
  • Dönmez, H. B. (2022). Akdeniz İklim Koşullarında Koruyucu Bitki Türü, Tohumluk Miktarı ve Hasat Zamanının Çokyıllık Suni Mera Karışımının Ot Verimi ve Kalitesine Etkileri (Tez no 770916). [Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Govindaraj, M., Selvi, B., Rajarathinam, S., & Sumathi, P. (2011). genetic variability and heritability of grain yield components and grain mineral concentration in India’s pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.) accessions. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 11 (3), 4758-4771. https://doi.org/ 10.4314/ajfand.v11i3.66627.
  • Hassan, M. U., Ahmad, A. H., Zamir, S. I., Haq, I., Khalid, F., Rasool, T., & Hussain, A. (2014). Growth, yield, and quality performance of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) varieties under Faisalabad conditions, Pakistan. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5 (15), 2215-2223. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.515235.
  • Hatipoğlu, R., & Tükel, T. (2009). Darılar. In R. Avcıoğlu, R. Hatipoğlu, & Y. Karadağ (Eds.), Yembitkileri (Buğdaygil ve Diğer Familyalardan Yembitkileri). T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Üretim ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Hatipoğlu, R., Serbester, U., Avcı, M., & Dönmez, H. B. (2020). Adana ilinde kaba yem üretim durumu ve geliştirilme olanakları. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8 (7), 1497-1501. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i7. 1497-1501.3383.
  • Izge, A. U., Kadams, A. M., & Sajo, A. A. (2007). Agronomic performance of selected cultivars of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br.) and their hybrids in North-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Agronomy, 6 (2), 344-349. https://doi.org/10.3923/ ja.2007.344.349.
  • Jukanti, A. K., Gowda, C. L. L., Rai, K. N., Manga, V. K., & Bhatt, R. K. (2016). Crops that feed the world 11. Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.): an important source of food security, nutrition, and health in the arid and semi-arid tropics. Food Security, 8, 307-329. Doi: 10.1007/s12571-016-0557-y.
  • Kaur, M., & Goyal, M. (2019). Influence of different nitrogen levels on growth, yield, and quality of forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) genotypes. Forage Research, 45 (1), 43-46.
  • Kızılkaya, R. (2020). Toprak Analiz Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Neris Yatırım Gıda İnş. San. ve Tic. A.Ş, Ankara, 13 sy.
  • Kumar, Y., Lamba, R. A. S., Yadav, H. P., Kumar, R., & Vart, D. (2014). Studies on variability and character association under rainfed conditions in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) hybrids. Forage Research, 39 (4), 175-178.
  • Kumawat, K. R., Sharma, N. K. & Sharma, N. (2019). Genetic variability and character association analysis in pearl millet single cross hybrids under dry conditions of Rajasthan. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 10 (3), 1067-1070.
  • Lemus, R. (2015). Pearl millet: Pinpoint Forage for Summer Grazing. Forage news. Mississippi State University Extension Service, 8 (4), 1-2.
  • Maas, A. L., Hanna, W. W., & Mullinix, B. G. (2007). Planting date and row spacing affect grain yield and height of pearl millet Tifgrain 102 in the Southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, 5 (1), 1-4.
  • Makarana, G., Yadav, R. K., Kumar, R., Kumar, A., Soni, P. G., Kar, S., & Rajvaidya, S. K. (2018). Fodder and grain quality of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) undercutting management in saline irrigation water. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7 (3), 1251-1257.
  • Mason, S. C., Maman, N., & Palé, S. (2015). Pearl millet production practices in semi-arid west Africa: a review. Experimental Agriculture, 51 (4), 501-521. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479714000441.
  • Noor, M. A., Fiaz, S., Nawaz, A., & Nawaz, M. M. (2018). The effects of cutting interval on agro-qualitative traits of different millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) cultivars. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 17 (3), 317-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2016.07.002.
  • Obeng, E., Cebert, E., Singh, B. P., Ward, R., Nyochembeng, L. M., & Mays, D. A. (2012). Growth and grain yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) genotypes at different levels of nitrogen fertilization in the Southeastern United States. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4 (12), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v4n12p155.
  • Piri, I., & Tavassoli, A. (2012). Determining the best management of nitrogen fertilizer consumption and harvest time of forage yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in Shirvan region. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6 (10), 2287-2293. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr11.918.
  • Salama, H. S. A., Shaalan, A. M., & Nasser, M. E. A. (2020). Forage performance of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) in arid regions: yield and quality assessment of new genotypes on different sowing dates. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 80 (4), 572-584. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392020000400572.
  • Santos, R. D., Neves, A. L. A., Pereira, L. G. R., Sollenberger, L. E., Muniz, E. N., Souza, E. Y. B., Sobral, A. J. S., Costa, N. V., & Gonçalves, L. C. (2020). Performance, agronomic traits, availability, and nutritive value of pearl millet cultivar harvested at different growth stages. Journal of Agricultural Science, 158 (3), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859620000222.
  • Shah, I. A., Rahman, H. U., Shah, S. M. A., Shah, Z., Rahman, S., Noor, I., & Noor, M. (2012). Characterization of pearl millet germplasm for various morphological and fodder yield parameters. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44 (1), 273-279.
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There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Pasture-Meadow Forage Plants
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Hasan Beytullah Dönmez 0000-0003-1495-4553

Rüştü Hatipoğlu 0000-0002-6755-7941

Early Pub Date April 23, 2024
Publication Date August 15, 2024
Submission Date November 25, 2023
Acceptance Date January 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 27 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Dönmez, H. B., & Hatipoğlu, R. (2024). Çukurova Bölgesi İkinci Ürün Koşullarında Bazı İnci Darı (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) Çeşitlerinin Ot Verimleri ve Agromorfolojik Özellikleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(4), 910-919. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1395888
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