Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Biocompatible Structures of Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications (Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer)

Ayşe Baran; Cumali Keskin

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1120643

TR EN

Altın Nanopartiküllerin Yeşil Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve Biyouyumlu Yapılarının Biyomedikal Uygulamalarda (Antibakteriyel, Antifungal ve Antikanser) Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Altın nanopartiküller (AuNP'ler), toksisitelerinin düşük olması ve yüksek uyumlulukları ile sağladıkları geniş ve düzenlenebilen yüzey alanlarının olmasından dolayı dikkat çekmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, Celtis tuernofortii Lam. (CT) yaprakları altın nanoparçacıkların (AuNP'ler) yeşil sentezi için ilk kez kullanıldı. Sentezlenen AuNP'lerin boyutu, şekli, yüzey yükü ve işlevselliği ayrıntılı olarak tanımlandı. Test edilen hedef hücreler üzerinde önerilen etki mekanizmaları vurgulandı. “Yeşil” AuNP'lerin biyolojik aktiviteleri (antibakteriyel, antifungal ve antikanser) ve bunların diğer biyomedikal uygulama olasılıkları da tartışıldı. Sentezlenen AuNP'ler küresel bir görünüm, 553.67 nm dalga boyunda yüzey plazmon rezonans bandı ve -16.53 mV yüzey yükü sergiledi. Partiküllerin morfolojisi, boyutu ve yüzey yükünün indirgeme reaksiyonunda kullanılan yaprak ekstraktından etkilendiği gözlemlendi. FTIR ve TGA-DTA verileri, CT özünden elde edilen fonksiyonel grupların AuNP'lerin sentezine ve stabilizasyonuna katıldığını ortaya koydu. AuNP’ler, mikrodilüsyon yöntemi (MIC) ile test edilen tüm suşlar ve mayalar üzerinde antibakteriyel ve antifungal etkiler gösterdi. AuNP'ler kanser hücre hatları (SKOV-3, CaCo2 ve U118) üzerinde doza bağlı sitotoksik aktivite gösterdi. Elde edilen sonuçlar, önemli biyolojik özellikler gösteren AuNP'leri sentezlemek için CT yaprak özütü kullanan, potansiyel olarak düşük maliyetli bir yeşil sentez yöntemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Biocompatible Structures of Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications (Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer)

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stand out due to their low toxicity and high compatibility, and the large and modifiable surface areas they provide. In this study, the leaves of Celtis tournefortii Lam. (CT) were used for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) first time. The size, shape, surface charge, and functionality of the synthesized AuNPs are described in detail. The suggested mechanisms of action on the tested target cells are highlighted. The biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer) of “green” AuNPs and their further biomedical application possibilities are also discussed. Synthesized AuNPs displayed a spherical appearance, surface plasmon resonance band at 553.67 nm wavelength, and surface charge of -16.53 mV. Particle morphology, size, and surface charge were observed to be affected by the leaf extract used in the reduction reaction. FTIR and TGA-DTA data revealed that functional groups from the CT extract participate in the synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs. AuNPs showed antibacterial and antifungal effects on all the strains and yeast tested by microdilution method (MIC). AuNPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activity on cancerous cell lines (SKOV-3, CaCo2, and U118). The obtained results highlight a potentially low-cost green synthesis method using CT leaf extract to synthesize AuNPs showing important biological properties.

Keywords

Thanks

The authors thank Dr Sevgi İrtegün KANDEMİR from Dicle University for his valuable contribution and comments on the manuscript.

References

Abu-Dief AM, Abdel-Rahman LH, Abd-El Sayed MA, Zikry MM, Nafady A 2020. Green Synthesis of AgNPs Utilizing Delonix regia Extract as Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents. ChemistrySelect 5(42), 13263–13268.
Al-ogaidi I, Salman MI, Mohammad FI, Aguilar Z, Al- M, Hadi YA, Al-rhman RMA 2017. Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized in Green and Black Tea. World J. Exp. Biosci. 5(1), 39–45.
Arroyo G V., Madrid AT, Gavilanes AF, Naranjo B, Debut A, Arias MT, Angulo Y 2020. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Application In Cosmetics. J. Environ. Sci. Heal. - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Subst. Environ. Eng. 55(11), 1304–1320.
Asghar MA, Zahir E, Shahid SM, Khan MN, Asghar MA, Iqbal J, Walker G 2018. Iron, Copper and Silver Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis Using Green And Black Tea Leaves Extracts And Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antifungal and Aflatoxin B1 adsorption Activity. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 90, 98–107.
Awad M, Eisa N, Virk P, Hendi A, Ortashi K, Mahgoub AA, Elobeid, Mai, Eissa F 2019. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, Cytotoxicity, And Anti-Bacterial Activities. Mater. Lett. 256, 126608.
Babu B, Palanisamy S, Vinosha M, Anjali R, Kumar P, Pandi B, Tabarsa M, You SG, Prabhu NM 2020. Bioengineered Gold Nanoparticles From Marine Seaweed Acanthophora Spicifera for Pharmaceutical Uses: Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 43(12), 2231–2242.
Barabadi H, Webster T, Vahidi H, Sabori H, Damavandi Kamali K, Jazayeri Shoushtari F, Mahjoub MA, Rashedi M, Mostafavi E, Medina Cruz D, Hosseinic O, Saravanah M 2020. Green Nanotechnology-Based Gold Nanomaterials for Hepatic Cancer Therapeutics: A Systematic Review. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 19(3), 3–17.
Baran A, Keskin C, Kandemir SI 2022. Rapid Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Celtis tournefortii LAM. Leaf Extract; Investigation of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. KSU J. Agric Nat 25(4), 72-84.

Baran, M. F., Saydut A 2019. Gold Nanomaterial Synthesis and Characterization. Dicle Univ. J. Eng. 10(3), 1033–1040.
Baran, M.F., Acay, H., Keskin C 2020. Determination of Antimicrobial and Toxic Metal Removal Activities of Plant-Based Synthesized (Capsicum annuum L. Leaves), Ecofriendly, Gold Nanomaterials. Glob. Challenges 2020, 1–7.
Baran, M.F., Acay, H., Keskin, C., Aygün, H., Yildirim A 2019. Synthesis and Determination of Antimicrobial Properties of TiO2NPs Using Nigella sativa L. Extract. EJONS Math. Eng. Nat. Med. Sci. 7, 69–75.
Baran, MF., Keskin, C., Atalar, MN., Baran A 2021. Environmentally Friendly Rapid Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Artemisia absinthium Plant Extract and Application of Antimicrobial Activities. J. Inst. Sci. Technol. 11(1), 365–375.
Baran MF 2019a. Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP) With Prunus avium Cherry Leaf Extract and Investigation of its Antimicrobial Effect. Dicle Univ. J. Eng. 10(1), 221–227.
Baran MF 2019b. Evaluation of Green Synthesis and Anti-Microbial Activities of AgNPs Using Leaf Extract of Hawthorn Plant. Res. Eval. Sci. Math. 2019(3), 110–120.
Baran MF 2019c. Synthesis, Characterizatıon, and Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles from Cydonia oblonga Leaf. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res. 17(2), 2583–2592.
Chinnaiyan SK, Soloman AM, Perumal RK, Gopinath A, Balaraman M 2019. 5 Fluorouracil-Loaded Biosynthesised Gold Nanoparticles for the In Vitro Treatment of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell. IET Nanobiotechnol. 13(8), 824–828.
Cui Y, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Zhang W, Lü X, Jiang X 2012. The Molecular Mechanism Of Action Of Bactericidal Gold Nanoparticles on Escherichia coli. Biomater. 33(7), 2327–2333.
Doan VD, Thieu AT, Nguyen TD, Nguyen VC, Cao XT, Nguyen TLH, Le VT 2020. Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Litsea cubeba Fruit Extract for Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol. J. Nanomater. 2020, 1–10.
Donga S, Bhadu GR, Chanda S 2020. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities of Gold Nanoparticles Green Synthesized Using Mangifera indica Seed Aqueous Extract. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 48(1), 1315–1325.
Emmanuel R, Palanisamy S, Chen S, Chelladurai K, Padmavathy S, Saravanan M, Prakash P, Ali MA, Al-hemaid, Fahad MA 2015. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Drug Blended Silver Nanoparticles Against Dental Caries And Periodontal Disease Causing Microorganisms. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 56, 374–379.
Francis S, Joseph S, Koshy EP, Mathew B 2017. Green Synthesis And Characterization of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using Mussaenda glabrata Leaf Extract and Their Environmental Applications To Dye Degradation. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24, 17347–17357.
Gecibesler IH 2019. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Profile of Turkish Celtis tournefortii. Chem. Nat. Compd. 55(4), 738–742.
Giljohann DA, Seferos DS, Daniel WL, Massich MD, Patel PC, Mirkin CA 2010. Gold Nanoparticles for Biology and Medicine. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 49(19), 3280–3294.
González-Ballesteros N, Prado-López S, Rodríguez-González JB, Lastra M, Rodríguez-Argüelles MC 2017. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Brown Algae Cystoseira baccata: Its Activity In Colon Cancer Cells. Colloids Surf. B. 153, 190–198.
Haddada M Ben, Koshel D, Yang Z, Fu W, Spadavecchia J, Pesnel S, Morel AL 2019. Proof of Concept of Plasmonic Thermal Destruction Of Surface Cancers By Gold Nanoparticles Obtained By Green Chemistry. Colloids Surf. B. 184, 110496.
Hatipoğlu A 2021. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Prunus cerasifera, Pissardii nigra Leaf and Their Antimicrobial Activities On Some Food Pathogens. Prog. Nutr. 23(3), e2021241.
Hosny M, Fawzy M, El-Borady OM, Mahmoud AED 2021. Comparative Study Between Phragmites Australis Root And Rhizome Extracts For Mediating Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis and Their Medical and Environmental Applications. Adv. Powder Technol. 32(7), 2268–2279.
Jafarizad A, Safaee K, Vahid B, Khataee A, Ekinci D 2019. Synthesis And Characterization Of Gold Nanoparticles Using Hypericum perforatum and Nettle Aqueous Extracts: A Comparison With Turkevich Method. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy 38(2), 508–517.
Jha P, Saraf A, Rath D, Sharma D 2017. Green Synthesis and Antimicrobial Property of Gold Nanoparticles : a Review. World J. Pharm. Medical Res. 3(8), 431–435.
Karim MR, Han TH, Sawant SY, Shim J jin, Lee MY, Kim WK, Kim JS, Cho MH 2020. Microbial Fuel Cell-Assisted Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and its Application to Energy Production and Hydrogen Peroxide Detection. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37(7), 1241–1250.
Keser S, Keser F, Kaygili O, Tekin S, Turkoglu I, Demir E, Turkoglu S, Karatepe M, Sandal S, Kirbag S 2017. Phytochemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Celtis tournefortii Fruits . Anal. Chem. Lett. 7(3), 344–355.
Khan AU, Khan M, Malik N, Cho MH, Khan MM 2019. Recent Progress Of Algae And Blue–Green Algae-Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles for Various Applications. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 42(1), 1–15.
Kumar V, Singh DK, Mohan S, Gundampati RK, Hasan SH 2017. Photoinduced Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract Of Physalis angulata and its Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 5(1), 744–756.
Kumar V, Singh S, Srivastava B, Bhadouria R 2019. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Holoptelea integrifolia and Preliminary Investigation of its Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antidiabetic and Antibacterial Activities. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 7(3), 103094.
Lin Z, Wu J, Xue R, Yang Y (2005). Spectroscopic characterization of Au3+ biosorption by waste biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Spectrochim. Acta - A: Mol. Biomol. 61(4), 761-765.
Mandhata CP, Sahoo CR, Mahanta CS, Padhy RN 2021. Isolation, Biosynthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Produced with Extracts Of Anabaena spiroides. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 44(8), 1617–1626.
Marslin G, Selvakesavan RK, Franklin G, Sarmento B, Dias ACP 2015. Antimicrobial Activity of Cream Incorporated with Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized from Withania somnifera. Int. J. Nanomedicine 10, 5955–5963.
Mehravani B, Ribeiro AI, Zille A 2021. Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis and Antimicrobial Effect on Fibrous Materials. Nanomater. 11(5), 1–37.
Mohammadi F, Yousefi M, Ghahremanzadeh R 2019. Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Using Leaves and Stems Extract of Some Plants. Adv. J. Chem. A 2(4), 266–275.
Padalia H, Chanda S 2021. Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ziziphus nummularia. Bionanosci. 11(2), 281–294.
Pandiyan N, Murugesan B, Arumugam M, Sonamuthu J, Samayanan S, Mahalingam S 2019. Ionic Liquid-A Greener Templating Agent with Justicia adhatoda Plant Extract Assisted Green Synthesis Of Morphologically Improved Ag-Au/Zno Nanostructure and it’s Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 198, 111559.
Patil MP, Singh RD, Koli PB, Patil KT, Jagdale BS, Tipare AR, Kim G 2018. Antibacterial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Madhuca longifolia Flower Extract As A Green Resource. Microb. Pathog. 121, 184–189.
Patra S, Mukherjee S, Kumar A, Ganguly A, Sreedhar B, Ranjan C 2015. Green Synthesis, Characterization Of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles and Their Potential Application for Cancer Therapeutics. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 53, 298–309.
Perveen K, Husain FM, Qais FA, Khan A, Razak S, Afsar T, Alam P, Almajwal AM, Abulmeaty MMA 2021. Microwave-Assisted Rapid Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Seed Extract of Trachyspermum ammi: Ros Mediated Biofilm Inhibition and Anticancer Activity. Biomolecules 11(2), 1–16.
Rauf A, Ahmad T, Khan A, Maryam, Uddin G, Ahmad B, Mabkhot YN, Bawazeer S, Riaz N, Malikovna BK, Almarhoon ZM, Al-Harrasi A 2021. Green Synthesis and Biomedicinal Applications of Silver And Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Methanolic Extract of Mentha longifolia. Artif. Cells, Nanomedicine Biotechnol. 49(1), 194–203.
Rautray S, Rajananthini AU 2020. Therapeutic Potential of Green, Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles. BioPharm Int. 33(1), 30–38.
Remya RR, Rajasree SRR, Aranganathan L, Suman TY 2015. An Investigation on Cytotoxic Effect of Bioactive Agnps Synthesized Using Cassia Fistula Flower Extract On Breast Cancer Cell MCF-7. Biotechnol. Reports 8, 110–115.
Rolim WR, Pelegrino MT, de Araújo Lima B, Ferraz LS, Costa FN, Bernardes JS, Rodigues T, Brocchi M, Seabra AB seabra 2019. Green Tea Extract Mediated Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, and Antibacterial Activity. Appl. Surf. Sci. 463, 66–74.
Satpathy S, Patra A, Ahirwar B, Hussain MD 2020. Process Optimization for Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by Extract of Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders and Their Biological Applications. Phys. E Low-Dimensional Syst. Nanostructures 121, 113830.
Sepahvand M, Buazar F, Sayahi MH 2020. Novel Marine-Based Gold Nanocatalyst In Solvent-Free Synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives: Green and Sustainable Protocol. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 34(12), 1–11.
Shankar PD, Shobana S, Karuppusamy I, Pugazhendhi A, Ramkumar VS, Arvindnarayan S, Kumar G 2016. A Review on The Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles (Gold and Silver) Using Bio-Components of Microalgae: Formation Mechanism and Applications. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 95, 28–44.
Some S, Bulut O, Biswas K, Kumar A, Roy A, Sen IK, Mandal A, Franco OL, İnce İA, Neog K, Das S, Pradhan S, Dutta S, Bhattacharjya D, Saha S, Mohapatra PD, Bhuimali A, Kati A, Mandal AK, Yilmaz MD, Ocsoy I 2019. Effect of Feed Supplementation with Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Morus Indica L. V1 on Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Sci. Rep. 9(1), 1–13.
Swamy MK, Akhtar MS, Mohanty SK, Sinniah UR 2015. Synthesis And Characterization Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Fruit Extract of Momordica cymbalaria and Assessment of Their In vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities. Spectrochim. Acta - Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 151, 939–944.
Tripathy A, Behera M, Rout AS, Biswal SK, Phule AD 2020. Optical, Structural, and Antimicrobial Study Of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using an Aqueous Extract of Mimusops elengi Raw Fruits. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem. 10(6), 7085–7096.
Usman AI, Aziz AA, Noqta OA 2019. Green Sonochemical Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Palm Oil Leaves Extracts. Mater. Today Proc. 7, 803–807.
Uzma M, Prasad D, Sunayana N, Vinay R, Shilpashree H. 2022. Studies of in vitro Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesised from a Medicinal Plant, Commiphora wightii. Mater. Technol. 37(9), 915–925.
Velmurugan P, Anbalagan K, Manosathyadevan M, Lee KJ, Cho, MinJung-Hee Park, Sae-Gang Oh K-SB, Oh B-T, Lee SM 2014. Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Zingiber officinale Root Extract and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Against Food Pathogens. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 37(10), 1935–1943.
Webster TJ 2020. Recent Developments in the Facile Bio-Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) and Their Biomedical Applications. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 15, 275–300.
Yıldırım I, Uğur Y, Kutlu T 2017. Investigation of Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Compositions of Celtis tournefortii. Free Radic. Antioxid. 7(2), 160-165.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Structural Biology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ayşe Baran
0000-0002-2317-0489
Türkiye

Cumali Keskin ^*
0000-0003-3758-0654
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

May 27, 2023

Publication Date

October 31, 2023

Submission Date

May 24, 2022

Acceptance Date

February 14, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 26 Number: 5

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1120643

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA62CB53ZZ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Baran, A., & Keskin, C. (2023). Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Biocompatible Structures of Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications (Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(5), 977-990. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1120643