Superoxide Dismutase and Isozyme Analysis in Two Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Osmotic Stress

Ramazan Keleş; Mustafa Küçüködük

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1651818

EN TR

Superoxide Dismutase and Isozyme Analysis in Two Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Osmotic Stress

Abstract

Climate change, driven by human activity, has accelerated global warming, leading to heightened water scarcity and drought globally. In regions like Turkey and the Mediterranean basin, changing climate patterns threaten key sectors such as agriculture, where wheat is a staple crop. This study investigated the osmotic stress tolerance of two bread wheat genotypes, Bezostaya-1 and Karahan-99, by analyzing their superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes and isoenzymes under hydroponic conditions. Plants were exposed to osmotic stress at the vegetative and generative growth stages, alongside a control group. SOD enzyme activities and isozyme profiles were analyzed. The results showed that both genotypes produced different activities of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Fe-SOD isoenzymes under osmotic stress. Cu/Zn-SOD and Fe-SOD demonstrated peak activity, highlighting their vital role in mitigating oxidative damage. Total SOD activity increased significantly, especially during the generative stage, highlighting the importance of antioxidant defense mechanisms during critical growth phases under osmotic stress. Overall, the study highlights the importance of understanding how wheat genotypes respond biochemically to osmotic stress, particularly in the context of changing climate conditions. The results provide valuable information for the development of resistant wheat genotypes.

Keywords

Osmotik Stres Altındaki İki Ekmeklik Buğday Genotiplerinde Süperoksit Dismutaz ve İzozim Analizi

Öz

İnsan faaliyetlerinin yol açtığı iklim değişikliği, küresel ısınmayı hızlandırarak küresel ölçekte su kıtlığı ve kuraklığın artmasına neden olmuştur. Türkiye ve Akdeniz havzası gibi bölgelerde değişen iklim modelleri, buğdayın temel bir ürün olduğu tarım gibi kilit sektörleri tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Bezostaya-1 ve Karahan-99 adlı iki ekmeklik buğday genotipinin ozmotik stres toleransı, hidroponik koşullar altında süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) enzimleri ve izoenzimleri analiz edilerek araştırılmıştır. Bitkiler, bir kontrol grubu ile birlikte vejetatif ve generatif büyüme aşamalarında ozmotik strese maruz bırakılmıştır. SOD enzim aktiviteleri ve izozim profilleri analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, her iki genotipin ozmotik stres altında farklı Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD ve Fe-SOD izoenzim aktiviteleri ürettiğini göstermiştir. Cu/Zn-SOD ve Fe-SOD en yüksek aktiviteyi göstererek oksidatif hasarın azaltılmasındaki hayati rollerini vurgulamışlardır. Toplam SOD aktivitesi, özellikle generatif aşamada önemli ölçüde artarak, ozmotik stres altındaki kritik büyüme aşamalarında antioksidan savunma mekanizmalarının önemini vurgulamıştır. Genel olarak çalışma, özellikle değişen iklim koşulları bağlamında buğday genotiplerinin ozmotik strese biyokimyasal olarak nasıl tepki verdiğini anlamanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Sonuçlar, dayanıklı buğday genotiplerinin geliştirilmesi için değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Supporting Institution

Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office

Project Number

20211010

Ethical Statement

Superoxide Dismutase and Isozyme Analysis in Some Bread Wheat Genotype Under Osmotic Stress isimli çalışmanın, etik kurul izni gerektirmeyen çalışmalar arasında yer aldığını beyan ederim

References

Aliyeva, D. R., Gurbanova, U. A., Rzayev, F. H., Gasimov, E. K., & Huseyinova, I. M. (2023). Biochemical and Ultrastructural Changes in Wheat Plants during Drought Stress. Biochemistry (Moscow), 88(11), 1944–1955. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297923110226
Alscher, R. G., Erturk, N., & Heath, L. S. (2002). Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. Journal of experimental botany, 53, 1331-1341. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/53.372.1331
Bannister, W., Bannister, J., Barra, D., Bond, J., & Bossa, F. (1991). Evolutionary aspects of superoxide dismutase: the copper/zinc enzyme. Free Radical Research Communications, 12(1), 349-361. https://doi.org/10.3109/10715769109145804
Bano, A., Ullah, F., & Nosheen, A. (2012). Role of abscisic acid and drought stress on the activitiesof antioxidant enzymes in wheat. Plant, Soil and Environment, 58(4), 181-185. https://doi.org/10.17221/210/2011-PSE
Beauchamp, C., & Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical biochemistry, 44, 276-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8
Bhargava, S., & Sawant, K. (2013). Drought stress adaptation: metabolic adjustment and regulation of gene expression. Plant breeding, 132(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12004
Blum, A., & Jordan, W.R. (1985). Breeding crop varieties for stress environments. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2(3), 199-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352688509382196
Bowler, C., Van Camp, W., Van Montagu, M., Inzé, D., & Asada, K. (1994). Superoxide dismutase in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 13, 199-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689409701914

Dumanović, J., Nepovimova, E., Natić, M., Kuča, K., & Jaćević, V. (2021). The Significance of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense System in Plants: A Concise Overview. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 552969. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.552969
Del Río, L. A., Corpas, F. J., Sandalio, L. M., Palma, J. M., Gomez, M., & Barroso, J. B. (2002). Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant systems and nitric oxide in peroxisomes. Journal of experimental botany, 53, 1255-1272. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/53.372.1255
Elshafei, A. M. (2020). When oxygen can be toxic? A mini review. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, 23(7), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2020/v23i730171
Gupta, N., Gupta, S., & Kumar, A. (2001). Effect of water stress on physiological attributes and their relationship with growth and yield of wheat cultivars at different stages. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 186(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2001.00457.x
Hasanuzzaman, M., Raihan, M. R. H., Masud, A. A. C., Rahman, K., Nowroz, F., Rahman, M., Nahar, M., & Fujita, M. (2021). Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(17), 9326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179326
Huseynova, I. M., Aliyeva, D. R., & Aliyev, J. A. (2014). Subcellular localization and responses of superoxide dismutase isoforms in local wheat varieties subjected to continuous soil drought. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 81, 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.018
Huseynova, I. M., Rustamova, S. M., Suleymanov, S. Y., Aliyeva, D. R., Mammadov, A. C., & Aliyev, J. A. (2016). Drought-induced changes in photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant components of wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties. Photosynthesis Research, 130(1-3), 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-016-0244-z
Jahnke, L., Hull, M., & Long, S. (1991). Chilling stress and oxygen metabolizing enzymes in Zea mays and Zea diploperennis. Plant, Cell & Environment 14(1), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01375.x
Kavuncu, M. (2019). Kuraklık Stresi Koşullarında Uygulanan Nitrik Oksitin Buğday Genotiplerinin Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi (Tez no: 534044). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Anabilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
Khaleghi, A., Naderi, R., Brunetti, C., Maserti, B. E., Salami, S. A., & Babalar, M. (2019). Morphological, physiochemical and antioxidant responses of Maclura pomifera to drought stress. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 19250. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55889-y
Khayatnezhad, M., & Gholamin, R. (2021). The effect of drought stress on the superoxide dismutase and chlorophyll content in durum wheat genotypes. Advancements in Life Sciences, 8(2), 119-123.
Kutlu, İ. (2010). Tahıllarda kuraklık stresi. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 35-41.
Kuźniak, E., & Skłodowska, M. (2004). The effect of Botrytis cinerea infection on the antioxidant profile of mitochondria from tomato leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(397), 605-612. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh076
Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227, 680-685. https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0
Majer, P. (2008). Testing drought tolerance of wheat by a complex stress diagnostic system installed in greenhouse. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 52(1), 97-100.
Mazid, A., Amegbeto, K. N., Keser, M., Morgounov, A., Peker, K., Bagci, A., Akin, M., Kucukcongar, M., Kan, M., & Karabak, S. (2009). Adoption and impacts of improved winter and spring wheat varieties in Turkey. Icarda.
Mendeş, M. (2012). Uygulamalı bilimler için istatistik ve araştırma yöntemleri. Kriter Basım ve Dağıtım, İstanbul. 664 sy.
Menezes-Benavente, L., Kernodle, S. P., Margis-Pinheiro, M., & Scandalios, J. G. (2004). Salt-induced antioxidant metabolism defenses in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Redox report, 9(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1179/135100004225003888
Miller, A. F. (2012). Superoxide dismutases: ancient enzymes and new insights. FEBS letters, 586(5), 585-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2011.10.048
Miri-Hesar, K., Dadkhodaie, A., Dorostkar, S., & Heidari, B. (2019). Differential Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 11(2), 266–276. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb11210390
Mishra, A. K., & Singh, V. P. (2010). A review of drought concepts. Journal of hydrology, 391(1-2), 202-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.012
Mittler, R. (2002). Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in plant science, 7(9), 405-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9
Molassiotis, A., Sotiropoulos, T., Tanou, G., Kofidis, G., Diamantidis, G., & Therios, E. (2006). Antioxidant and anatomical responses in shoot culture of the apple rootstock MM 106 treated with NaCl, KCl, mannitol or sorbitol. Biologia Plantarum, 50, 331-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-0075-9
Ogawa, K. I., Kanematsu, S., & Asada, K. (1996). Intra-and extra-cellular localization of “cytosolic” CuZn-superoxide dismutase in spinach leaf and hypocotyl. Plant and cell physiology, 37(6), 790-799. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029014
Ogawa, K. I., Kanematsu, S., Takabe, K., & Asada, K. (1995). Attachment of CuZn-superoxide dismutase to thylakoid membranes at the site of superoxide generation (PSI) in spinach chloroplasts: detection by immuno-gold labeling after rapid freezing and substitution method. Plant and Cell Physiology, 36(4), 565- 573.
Palma, J. M., Lopez-Huertas, E., Corpas, F. J., Sandalio, L. M., Gomez, M., & Del Rio, L. A. (1998). Peroxisomal manganese superoxide dismutase: purification and properties of the isozyme from pea leaves. Physiologia Plantarum, 104(4), 720-726. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040429.x
Quitadamo, F., De Simone, V., Beleggia, R., & Trono, D. (2021). Chitosan-Induced Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System Counteracts the Adverse Effects of Salinity in Durum Wheat. Plants, 10(7), 1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071365
Quartacci, M. F., & Navari-Izzo, F. (1992). Water stress and free radical mediated changes in sunflower seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology, 139(5), 621-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(11)80381-0
Ren, J., Sun, L. N., Zhang, Q. Y., & Song, X. S. (2016). Drought tolerance is correlated with the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Cerasus humilis seedlings. BioMed Research International, 2016(1), 9851095. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9851095
Sairam, R., & Srivastava, G. (2001). Water stress tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): variations in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and antioxidant activity in tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 186(12), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2001.00461.x
Sakin, M. A., Naneli, İ., Göy, A. G. & Ozdemir, K. (2015). Bazı ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) çeşitlerinin Tokat-Zile koşullarında verim ve verim komponentlerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 32(3), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag927
Schneider, S. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of climate and weather. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199765324.001.0001
Seleiman, M. F., Al-Suhaibani, N., Ali, N., Akmal, M., Alotaibi, M., Refay, Y., Dindaroglu, T., Abdul-Wajid, H. H., & Battaglia, M. L. (2021). Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects. Plants, 10(2), 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020259
Sheoran, S., Thakur, V., Narwal, S., Turan, R., Mamrutha, H. M., Singh, V., Tiwari, V., & Sharma, I. (2015). Differential Activity and Expression Profile of Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 177(6), 1282–1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1813-x
Simova-Stoilova, L., Demirevska, K., Petrova, T., Tsenov, N., & Feller, U. (2008). Antioxidative protection in wheat varieties under severe recoverable drought at seedling stage. Plant Soil Environ, 54(12), 529-36. https://doi.org/10.17221/427-PSE
Simova-Stoilova, L., Demirevska, K., Petrova, T., Tsenov, N., & Feller, U. (2009). Antioxidative protection and proteolytic activity in tolerant and sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties subjected to long-term field drought. Plant Growth Regulation, 58, 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-008-9356-6
Smirnoff, N. (1993). The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist, 125, 27–58. https://doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03863.x
Şahin. Ü., & Kurnaz, L. (2014 Ekim). İklim değişikliği ve kuraklık. https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200326-02030608.pdf
Ullah, N., Shafi, M., Akmal, M., & Hassan, G. (2010). In situ assessment of morpho-physiological response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to drought. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(5), 3183-3195.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biochemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ramazan Keleş ^*
0000-0003-2872-7183
Türkiye

Mustafa Küçüködük
0000-0001-6290-9007
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

June 10, 2025

Publication Date

July 4, 2025

Submission Date

March 5, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 29, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 28 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1651818

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA76HU44NX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Keleş, R., & Küçüködük, M. (2025). Superoxide Dismutase and Isozyme Analysis in Two Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Osmotic Stress. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 28(4), 893-902. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1651818

Cited By

Multivariate Assessment of Drought Stress Impacts on Oxidative Stress Indicators and Photosynthetic Pigment Profiles in Edible Pumpkin

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1782929