Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals with Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria

Özlem Durna; Gültekin Yıldız

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1669451

TR EN

Süt İneği Konsantre Yemlerinde Bitkisel Yağla Birlikte Glokonit ve Sepiyolit Minerallerinin Kullanılmasının Pelet Bazı Kalite Kriterleri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

Ruminantlar için formüle edilen pelet yemlerde çokça miktarda kil minerallerinin bağlayıcı özelliğinden faydalanılmıştır. Fakat pelet formülasyonu için glokonit mineralinin kullanımını ele alan ilk bilimsel araştırmadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, süt sığırı konsantrelerinde bitkisel yağ kullanımı ile birlikte glokonit ve sepiolitin pelet kalite kriterleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Pelet konsantre yemler 7 parti (her parti 100 kg) halinde üretilmiştir. Çalışma iki farklı şekilde yürütülmüştür. İlk olarak, pelet üretimi sırasında mineraller (sepiolit ve glokonit) yağ ilave edilmeden %1 ve %2 seviyelerinde eklenmiştir. İkinci olarak, bitkisel yağ konsantrelere %1 ve %2 seviyelerinde eklenmiş, peletleme sırasında ilave %1 eklenmiştir. Her iki deneyde de deney 1 kontrol ve 4 deney grubundan oluşmuştur. Deney sonunda yağ ilave edildiğinde süt sığırları için pelet yemindeki pelet kuru madde düzeyindeki gruplar arası fark, sepiolit ve glokonit ilavesiyle istatistiksel olarak etkilenmiştir. Ancak, bitkisel yağ ilave edilmediğinde pelet kuru madde düzeyi istatistiksel olarak etkilenmemiştir. Süt sığırlarında bitkisel yağ ilaveli ve ilavesiz pelet yemlerde pelet kuru madde düzeyi (sadece yağ ilavesi olunca), pelet dayanıklılık indeksi ve pelet su aktivitesi değerlerindeki gruplar arasındaki fark sepiyolit ve glokonit ilavesinden istatistiksel olarak etkilenmiştir. Glokonitin yağ ile birleştirilmesi peletlerin kuru madde içeriğinde belirgin bir artışa (P<0,05) yol açarken, sepiyolit daha fazla dayanıklılığa katkıda bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bitkisel yağ ilaveli peletlerin kuru madde, pelet dayanıklılık indeksi ve su aktivitesi üzerine glokonit ve sepiyolitin olumlu etkileri nedeniyle, her iki mineralin de süt sığırlarında konsantre yem peletlerinde yem katkı maddesi olarak güvenle kullanılabileceği ve pelet depolama koşullarını iyileştirebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals with Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria

Abstract

Pellet feeds formulated for ruminants have utilized the binding properties of clay minerals extensively. However, this is the first scientific study to address the use of glauconite in pellet formulation. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of glauconite and sepiolite on pellet quality criteria, together with the use of vegetable oil in dairy cattle concentrates. Pellet concentrate feeds were produced in 7 batches (each batch 100 kg). The study was carried out in two different ways. Firstly, First, during pellet production, the minerals (sepiolite and glauconite) were added at levels of 1% and 2% without the addition of oil. Second, vegetable oil was incorporated into the concentrates at 1% and 2% levels, with an additional 1% added during pelleting. In both experiments, the experiment consisted of 1 control and 4 experimental groups. At the end of the experiment, when oil was added, the difference between the groups in pellet dry matter level in pellet feed for dairy cattle was statistically significant due to the addition of sepiolite and glauconite. However, when vegetable oil was not added, the pellet dry matter level was not statistically affected. In dairy cattle, the difference between the groups in pelleted feeds with and without added vegetable oil in terms of pellet dry matter level (only when oil was added), pellet durability index, and pellet water activity values was statistically affected by sepiolite and glauconite additions. Glauconite combined with oil led to a notable increase in the dry matter content of pellets (P<0.05), whereas sepiolite contributed to greater durability. As a result, it was concluded that due to the positive effects of glauconite and sepiolite on dry matter, pellet durability index, and water activity of pellets with vegetable oil addition, both minerals can be safely used as feed additives in concentrated feed pellets for dairy cattle and can improve pellet storage conditions.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ankara University Coordination of Scientific Research Projects

Project Number

15H0239001

Ethical Statement

Hayvan denemesi yapılmamıştır

Thanks

We thank Saratov University (Russia) for the supply of glauconite and Tolsa SA (Madrid, Spain) for the supply of sepiolite clay.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Animal Feeding, Animal Nutrition

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Özlem Durna ^*
0000-0003-4532-6795
Türkiye

Gültekin Yıldız
0000-0002-1003-9254
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

January 21, 2026

Publication Date

January 21, 2026

Submission Date

April 3, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 31, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1669451

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA37UL83DZ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Durna, Ö., & Yıldız, G. (2026). Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals with Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 29(2), 552-561. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1669451

AMA

1.Durna Ö, Yıldız G. Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals with Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026;29(2):552-561. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1669451

Chicago

Durna, Özlem, and Gültekin Yıldız. 2026. “Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals With Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi 29 (2): 552-61. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1669451.

EndNote

Durna Ö, Yıldız G (February 1, 2026) Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals with Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 29 2 552–561.

IEEE

[1]Ö. Durna and G. Yıldız, “Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals with Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria”, KSU J. Agric Nat., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 552–561, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1669451.

ISNAD

Durna, Özlem - Yıldız, Gültekin. “Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals With Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 29/2 (February 1, 2026): 552-561. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1669451.

JAMA

1.Durna Ö, Yıldız G. Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals with Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026;29:552–561.

MLA

Durna, Özlem, and Gültekin Yıldız. “Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals With Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 2, Feb. 2026, pp. 552-61, doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1669451.

Vancouver

1.Özlem Durna, Gültekin Yıldız. Effect of Using Glauconite and Sepiolite Minerals with Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds on Pellet Quality Criteria. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026 Feb. 1;29(2):552-61. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1669451